TMMF dry film resist as masking layer in deep etching of Pyrex-glass for microfluidic chip fabrication

AbstractWe present the application of dry film resist (TMMF) as new masking technology to process glass wafers using standard wet etching. The considered microfluidic chip features patterned metal electrodes for impedance sensing and hydraulic access holes fabricated on a Pyrex wafer. Therefore, deep etching of through holes, while protecting the deposited metal structures on the Pyrex glass wafer, is required. To achieve this, amorphous silicon (a-Si) was used as masking layer on one side and unexposed TMMF dry film resist was used as mask on the other side of the wafer. The a-Si and TMMF are excellent masking layers in deep-wet etching for Pyrex wafers with etch duration more than 1 hour in 49% hydrofluoric (HF) acid

A Grounded Theory Of Open Government Data: A Case Study In The UK

This paper explores the emergence and implementation of Open Government Data (OGD) as a part of e-government systems in the public organization. OGD has become a new approach and phenomenon among the developed countries to increase the citizen’s trust and confident to the government. Several studies have shown the importance of implementation of open data systems by the public organization and the potentials of open government data systems for better management. Grounded theory approach is used to build a theory by using semi-structured interview, 5 interviews in the UK as a pilot study with 4 interviewees from the local governments and 1 interviewee from the large national organization in London. We found that OGD could optimise the performance of government’s administration by using potential opportunities that OGD presents to them despite of challenges like data sharing, standardization in OGD, government responsibility and public awareness. We envisage that as OGD evolves over time, participation and responses from public organization especially from large organization would represent the practice of OGD as a whole. This could positively contribute to the transparency and openness of the government and consequently increase the confident level and trust of the people

Internationalisation of small-medium size enterprises

In recent years Malaysia has demonstrated a remarkable and impressive growth record which is the envy of many other countries. A concerted effort to sustain this pace of development and to achieve fully industrialised nation status by 2020 is currently undenvay, with the contribution of small-medium sized enterprises (SMl's) seen as a critical and integral pan of this industrial thrust. The potential role of SMI's is emphasised in areas such as job creation, rural development, support infrastructure for large organisations and the earning of revenues from exporting activity

Early outcomes from a randomized, controlled trial of supervised exercise, angioplasty, and combined therapy in intermittent claudication

BACKGROUND: To compare angioplasty (PTA), supervised exercise (SEP) and PTA + SEP in the treatment of intermittent claudication (IC) due to femoropopliteal disease. METHODS: Over a 6-year period, 178 patients (108 men; median age, 70 years) with femoropopliteal lesions suitable for angioplasty were randomized to PTA, SEP, or PTA + SEP. Patients were assessed prior to and at 1 and 3 months post treatment. ISCVS outcome criteria (ankle pressures, treadmill walking distances) and quality of life (QoL) questionnaires (SF-36 and VascuQoL) were analyzed. RESULTS: All groups were well matched at baseline. Twenty-one patients withdrew. Results are as follows: Intragroup analysis: All groups demonstrated significant clinical and QoL improvements (Friedman test, p 0.05). CONCLUSION: SEP should be the primary treatment for the patients with claudication and PTA should be supplemented by an SEP

Diagnostic and therapeutic management of clinical case of suppurative pre-scapular lymphadenitis in a bull

A 4 year old Jersey-Friesian cross bull was presented to the Universiti Veterinary hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia with a ruptured abscess on the right pre-scapular lymph node. The wound was dressed with diluted Hibiscrub® (Chlorhexidine gluconate 4.0%) and povidone iodine. Initial treatment includes Penicillin Streptomycin at 16mg/kg, intramuscularly. Bacterial isolation and sensitivity results revealed the presence of Staphylococcus shleiferi spp shleiferi and Arcanobacterium pyogenes. Both were resistant to gentamycin, penicillin G, sulfazole and streptomycin, but susceptible to tetracycline. The treatment was substituted with oxytetracycline 9mg/kg for 3 days based on the antibiotic susceptibility result. The wound was monitored and observed to have completely healed after 10 days post treatment

Incidences and veterinary clinical management of postpartum diseases among domestic cows and does in Klang Valley, Malaysia

The postpartum period is a time that is characterised by an increased risk of developing parturition related diseases and disorders by the dam. These may affect production in affected animals. Thee objective of this study was to determine the incidences and methods of clinical management of postpartum diseases among farm animals within the Klang Valley in Selangor, Malaysia. Primary data were obtained from a four-year (January 2013 to December 2017) farm record from sixteen (16) cattle and goats mixed farms. Postpartum diseases and disorders made up 3.4% (53/1550) of total diseases and disorders recorded for cows and does. Out of the 53 cases of postpartum diseases and disorders recorded, the followings were observed; metritis (24.5%), vaginal prolapse (22.6%), pyometra (20.8%), retained placenta (15.1%), uterine prolapse (9.4%), endometritis (5.7%) and uterine tears (1.9%). Most of the recorded postpartum cases were seen in cattle (83.0%) than in goat (17.0%) populations. More postpartum diseases and disorders were seen in younger cows (56.8%) as compared to older cows (43.2%). Similarly, more cases were seen in older does (66.6%) as compared to younger does (33.4%). Furthermore, a higher frequency of postpartum diseases was observed in animals during their rst parturition (77.4%) than in animals during their second (17.0%) or third parturition (5.6%). Flunixin meglumine and oxytetracyclines administered via the uterus were frequently used in clinical management of postpartum diseases. However, a detailed and strict follow up of the cases were lacking (52.8%). This study shows that postpartum diseases are quite common in primipara ruminants in the Klang Valley. Although conventional methods of managing postpartum cases in the Klang valley yielded satisfactory outcomes, there is need for compliance on detailed follow up therapy to avoid cases of treatment failures in affected animals