35 research outputs found
On the presence of Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) in South America : a toxic neophyte with great potential as a weed
Se comunica por primera vez la presencia de Solanum rostratum Dunal (Solanaceae)
en Sudamérica, sobre la base de ejemplares de San Luis (Argentina) y Bogotá (Colombia).
Se describe e ilustra la especie, y se discute las caracterÃsticas biológicas que pueden favorecer su dispersión en las condiciones locales. Es una planta anual que se reproduce por semillas y se distingue de otras especies aculeadas silvestres de Solanum por sus hojas 1-2 pinnatÃfidas, cubierta de aguijones densos y delgados y tricomas estrellados, flores zigomorfas con corola amarillo intenso y notoria heteranteria, con un estambre de polinización de forma curva y mucho más grande que los otros cuatro, que sirven para la alimentación de prónubos. Estos registros constituyen los primeros para la flora de ambos paÃses y para toda Sudamérica. La importancia de su hallazgo radica en su enorme potencial como maleza invasora, tóxica.The presence of Solanum rostratum Dunal (Solanaceae) in South America, on the
basis of samples from San Luis (Argentina) and Bogotá (Colombia) is communicated
for the first time. The species is described and illustrated, and biological characteristics that can promote its spread in local conditions are discussed. It is an annual plant that reproduces by seeds. It differs from other aculeate wild species of Solanum by their 1-2 pinnatifid leaves, coated with dense and slender spines and stellate hairs, zygomorphic flowers with bright yellow corolla and a marked heteranthery, with a pollinating, curved stamen much bigger than the other four, which serve to feed pronubes. This is the first record for the flora of both countries and South America as a whole. The importance of their find lies in its huge potential as an invasive, toxic weed.Fil: Del Vitto, Luis A..
Universidad Nacional de San LuisFil: Petenatti, Elisa M..
Universidad Nacional de San Lui
Sobre la presencia de Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) en Sudamérica: una neófita tóxica de gran potencial como maleza
The presence of Solanum rostratum Dunal (Solanaceae) in South America, on the basis of samples from San Luis (Argentina) and Bogotá (Colombia) is communicated for the first time. The species is described and illustrated, and biological characteristics that can promote its spread in local conditions are discussed. It is an annual plant that reproduces by seeds. It differs from other aculeate wild species of Solanum by their 1-2 pinnatifid leaves, coated with dense and slender spines and stellate hairs, zygomorphic flowers with bright yellow corolla and a marked heteranthery, with a pollinating, curved stamen much bigger than the other four, which serve to feed pronubes. This is the first record for the flora of both countries and South America as a whole. The importance of their find lies in its huge potential as an invasive, toxic weed.Se comunica por primera vez la presencia de Solanum rostratum Dunal (Solanaceae) en Sudamérica, sobre la base de ejemplares de San Luis (Argentina) y Bogotá (Colombia). Se describe e ilustra la especie, y se discute las caracterÃsticas biológicas que pueden favorecer su dispersión en las condiciones locales. Es una planta anual que se reproduce por semillas y se distingue de otras especies aculeadas silvestres de Solanum por sus hojas 1-2 pinnatÃfidas, cubierta de aguijones densos y delgados y tricomas estrellados, flores zigomorfas con corola amarillo intenso y notoria heteranteria, con un estambre de polinización de forma curva y mucho más grande que los otros cuatro, que sirven para la alimentación de prónubos. Estos registros constituyen los primeros para la flora de ambos paÃses y para toda Sudamérica. La importancia de su hallazgo radica en su enorme potencial como maleza invasora, tóxica
MicrografÃa cuantitativa y perfiles de HPLC y FTIR de Melissa officinalis y Nepeta cataria (Lamiaceae) de Argentina
Melissa officinalis L., so called "Melissa" or "Toronjil", is a perennial aromatic herb, whose leaves are used in traditional medicine as a carminative, digestive and sedative, both in simple as in mixtures. Meanwhile, Nepeta cataria L., commonly called "Cat mint" or "Toronjil", with some similar properties, often replacing M. officinalis in the market, although their chemical composition is not completely matched, and contains an iridoid potentially toxic (nepetalactone). It is therefore necessary to establish diacritic parameters to differentiate these species, both at crude drug level, mixtures and extracts. Samples from various sources in Argentina were studied and documental specimens are preserved in the Herbarium UNSL. Anatomical sections were analyzed, and quantitative micrographic parameters were obtained, together with HPLC and FTIR spectra from methanolic and aqueous lyophilized extracts. Significant differences were detected in the prevailing smell foliage, morphology of leaves and inflorescences, trichomata type, palisade ratio, veinlet termination number, rosmarinic acid concentration (with distinctive HPLC profiles), and the CO/CH relationships obtained by FTIR from the extracts, that together allow adequate differentiation of both drugs, even when they were ground or powdered.Melissa officinalis L., llamada vulgarmente "melisa" o "toronjil", es una hierba perenne, aromática, cuyas hojas son empleadas en medicina popular como carminativo, digestivo y sedante, tanto en droga simple como en asociación. Por su parte Nepeta cataria L., llamada vulgarmente "menta de los gatos" y también "toronjil", con algunas propiedades similares, sustituye con frecuencia a M. officinalis
en el mercado, aunque su composición quÃmica no es del todo coincidente y contiene un iridoide potencialmente tóxico (nepetalactona). Por ello es necesario establecer parámetros diacrÃticos para diferenciar ambas especies, a nivel de droga cruda, mezclas y extractos. Fueron estudiados especÃmenes de diversas procedencias en
Argentina, y los ejemplares documentales son conservados en el Herbario UNSL.
Se analizaron cortes anatómicos, se registraron los parámetros micrográficos cuantitativos y se obtuvieron espectros de HPLC y FTIR a partir de extractos metanólicos y acuosos liofilizados. Fueron detectadas diferencias significativas
entre ambas especies en cuanto al aroma prevaleciente del follaje, la exomorfologÃa de hojas e inflorescencias, los tipos tricomáticos, la relación de empalizada, el número de terminales de nerviación, la concentración de ácido rosmarÃnico (con perfiles HPLC distintivos), y las relaciones CO/CH obtenidas por FTIR a partir de los extractos, caracteres que en conjunto permiten una diferenciación adecuada de ambas drogas, aún cuando se presenten molidas o reducidas a polvo.Fil: Petenatti, Marta E..
Universidad Nacional de San LuisFil: Gette, MarÃa A..
Universidad Nacional de San LuisFil: CamÃ, Gerardo E..
Universidad Nacional de San LuisFil: Popovich, Mariana C..
Universidad Nacional de San LuisFil: Marchevsky, Eduardo J..
Universidad Nacional de San LuisFil: Del Vitto, Luis A..
Universidad Nacional de San LuisFil: Petenatti, Elisa M..
Universidad Nacional de San Lui
Multielemental composition and nutritional value of "dumosa" (Ilex dumosa), "yerba mate" (I. paraguariensis) and their commercial mixture in different forms of use
La composición multielemental y el valor nutricional de "dumosa" (Ilex dumosa) (ID),"yerba mate" (I. paraguariensis) (IP) y su mezcla comercial 70:30 (ID:IP, p/p) fue estudiadapor ICP-OES en droga cruda y dos formas de consumo: "cebadura" y "mate cocido". Estemétodo permitió detectar un número sin precedentes de elementos en estas especies. Endroga cruda, el orden resultó K;Ca;Mg;P;Mn;Al;Na;Si;Fe. IP mostró mayor concentraciónde minerales que ID, pero la mayor extractabilidad en esta última compensóen gran medida sus deficiencias. La cebadura mostró mayor valor nutricional que lainfusión, a causa de su mayor relación soluto/disolvente. La porción de cebadura deambas especies superó la ingesta diaria recomendada (IDR) de Mn, aportando tambiénMg, Cu, Fe, Zn y K. La porción de mate cocido no contribuyó significativamente a la IDR. Algunos elementos traza esenciales y muchos ultra-trazas presentes en droga cruda nofueron detectados en los extractos acuosos. La mayorÃa de los metales pesados no fueronlixiviados hacia los extractos, y en todo caso nunca excedieron los lÃmites de seguridadinternacionales. Por ello, los extractos acuosos de ID e IP y sus mezclas son interesantesdesde el punto de vista nutricional y son seguros en cuanto a la saludThe multielement composition and nutritional value of "dumosa" (Ilex dumosa) (ID),"yerba mate" (I. paraguariensis) (IP) and their commercial 70:30 mixture (ID:IP, w/w) in crude drug, brewed mate and tea-bag-like infusion were studied by ICP-OES. Thismethod allowed the detection of an unprecedented number of elements for thesespecies. The order was K;Ca;Mg;P;Mn;Al;Na;Si;Fe in crude drug. IP showed higherconcentration of minerals than ID, but most extractability in the latter largely offset itsshortcomings. Brewed mate had higher nutritional value than mate tea because theirhigher solute/solvent ratio. A portion of brewed mate of both species exceeded the dailyrecommended intake (DRI) of Mn, and providing Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and K, too. The portions ofmate tea not contribute significantly to the DRI. Some essential trace elements and manyultra-traces ones that exist in crude drug were not detected in aqueous extracts. Most ofthe heavy metals were not leached into extracts, and in any case never exceeded internationalsafety limits. Therefore, the aqueous extracts of ID and IP and its mixture areinteresting from the nutritional point of view in minerales, and safe in terms of health
Composición multielemental y valor nutricional de "dumosa" (Ilex dumosa), "yerba mate" (I. paraguariensis) y su mezcla comercial en diferentes formas de uso
The multielement composition and nutritional value of "dumosa" (Ilex dumosa) (ID),
"yerba mate" (I. paraguariensis) (IP) and their commercial 70:30 mixture (ID:IP, w/w)
in crude drug, brewed mate and tea-bag-like infusion were studied by ICP-OES. This
method allowed the detection of an unprecedented number of elements for these
species. The order was K>Ca>Mg>P>Mn>Al>Na>Si>Fe in crude drug. IP showed higher
concentration of minerals than ID, but most extractability in the latter largely offset its
shortcomings. Brewed mate had higher nutritional value than mate tea because their
higher solute/solvent ratio. A portion of brewed mate of both species exceeded the daily
recommended intake (DRI) of Mn, and providing Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and K, too. The portions of
mate tea not contribute significantly to the DRI. Some essential trace elements and many
ultra-traces ones that exist in crude drug were not detected in aqueous extracts. Most of
the heavy metals were not leached into extracts, and in any case never exceeded international
safety limits. Therefore, the aqueous extracts of ID and IP and its mixture are
interesting from the nutritional point of view in minerales, and safe in terms of health.La composición multielemental y el valor nutricional de "dumosa" (Ilex dumosa) (ID),
"yerba mate" (I. paraguariensis) (IP) y su mezcla comercial 70:30 (ID:IP, p/p) fue estudiada
por ICP-OES en droga cruda y dos formas de consumo: "cebadura" y "mate cocido". Este
método permitió detectar un número sin precedentes de elementos en estas especies. En
droga cruda, el orden resultó K>Ca>Mg>P>Mn>Al>Na>Si>Fe. IP mostró mayor concentración
de minerales que ID, pero la mayor extractabilidad en esta última compensó
en gran medida sus deficiencias. La cebadura mostró mayor valor nutricional que la
infusión, a causa de su mayor relación soluto/disolvente. La porción de cebadura de
ambas especies superó la ingesta diaria recomendada (IDR) de Mn, aportando también
Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn y K. La porción de mate cocido no contribuyó significativamente a la IDR.
Algunos elementos traza esenciales y muchos ultra-trazas presentes en droga cruda no
fueron detectados en los extractos acuosos. La mayorÃa de los metales pesados no fueron
lixiviados hacia los extractos, y en todo caso nunca excedieron los lÃmites de seguridad
internacionales. Por ello, los extractos acuosos de ID e IP y sus mezclas son interesantes
desde el punto de vista nutricional y son seguros en cuanto a la salud.Fil: Maiocchi, Marcos G..
Universidad Nacional del NordesteFil: Del Vitto, Luis A..
Universidad Nacional de San LuisFil: Petenatti, Marta E..
Universidad Nacional de San LuisFil: Avanza, MarÃa V..
Universidad Nacional del NordesteFil: Pellerano, Roberto G..
Universidad Nacional del NordesteFil: Petenatti, Elisa M..
Universidad Nacional de San LuisFil: Marchevsky, Eduardo J.
Evaluation of macro and microminerals in crude drugs and infusions of five herbs widely used as sedatives
It has been determined the concentration of fourteen micro and macrominerals (Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Se, and Zn) in both crude drugs and infusions of Melissa officinalis L., Lamiaceae, Nepeta cataria L., Lamiaceae, Passiflora caerulea L., Passifloraceae, Tilia x moltkei Späth ex C.K. Schneid., Tiliaceae, and Valeriana officinalis L., Caprifoliaceae. These herbs are widely consumed by its sedative properties, either alone or in herb mixtures. All measurements were performed using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The products were obtained from regional markets, mainly in San Luis province (Argentina). The estimated daily intake was compared with current recommendations. All products and its infusions were included within the upper tolerable limits for minerals, in trace elements such as toxic elements present at low levels
Evaluation of macro and microminerals in crude drugs and infusions of five herbs widely used as sedatives
It has been determined the concentration of fourteen micro and macrominerals (Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Se, and Zn) in both crude drugs and infusions of Melissa officinalis L., Lamiaceae, Nepeta cataria L., Lamiaceae, Passiflora caerulea L., Passifloraceae, Tilia x moltkei Späth ex C.K. Schneid., Tiliaceae, and Valeriana officinalis L., Caprifoliaceae. These herbs are widely consumed by its sedative properties, either alone or in herb mixtures. All measurements were performed using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The products were obtained from regional markets, mainly in San Luis province (Argentina). The estimated daily intake was compared with current recommendations. All products and its infusions were included within the upper tolerable limits for minerals, in trace elements such as toxic elements present at low levels.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta
Parámetros nutricionales del "mate cocido" con leche preparado a partir de dos especies de Ilex y su mezcla comercial, para la población en edad escolar
The infusion at 1.5% of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) (Ip) corresponds to
"cooked mate" (MC), whose combination with milk (50:50 v/v) (M) and refined sugar (S) is
the "mate cocido with milk", a popular food in southern South America offered to preschool
and primary education students (3-13 years old) in Argentina. Another species of the
genus, I. dumosa Reissek (Id), has low caffeine; appears in the market as an Id:Ip (70:30
w/w) mixture. The substitution of Ip by the mentioned mixture maintains analogous nutritional
values and significantly lowers the caffeine levels (α=0.05); this allows for a higher
consumption of the food during the day, without reaching the xanthine daily limits (40-100
mg day-1) for the age range, favoring the students intellectual and physical performance
without adverse effects. The daily intake of a double serving (breakfast and afternoon snack)
of MC+M+S provides high energy and is a source of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins A, B1,
B2, B5, B6, and B12, biotin and essential minerals (Mn, P, Zn, Cu, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, K, Fe and Al), with
low cholesterol. The nutritional parameters are within international limits. Heavy metals do
not make it to the infusion or they remain well below harmful values.La infusión al 1,5% de "yerba mate" (Ilex paraguariensis A.St. -Hil.) (Ip) constituye
el "mate cocido" (MC), que con leche (50:50 v/v) (M) y azúcar refinada (S) es el "mate
cocido con leche", alimento popular en el Cono Sur de América ofrecido en la escuela a
niños de educación inicial y primaria (3-13 años) en Argentina. Otra especie del género,
I. dumosa Reissek (Id), tiene baja cafeÃna; se presenta en el mercado en mezcla con Ip
(Id:Ip 70:30 p/p). Sustituyendo Ip por la mezcla, el MC+M+S mantiene valores nutricionales
análogos con niveles significativamente bajos de cafeÃna (α=0.05); aún con
consumos diarios altos de este alimento, no se alcanza los lÃmites de xantinas establecidos
para el rango etario (40-100 mg dÃa-1), favoreciendo el desempeño intelectual y fÃsico
sin efectos adversos. La ingesta diaria de una doble porción (desayuno y merienda)
de MC+M+S aporta altos valores energéticos y es fuente de carbohidratos, proteÃnas,
vitaminas A, B1, B2, B5, B6 y B12, biotina y minerales esenciales (Mn, P, Zn, Cu, Ca, Mg, Na,
Cl, K, Fe y Al), con bajo colesterol. Los parámetros nutricionales están comprendidos
dentro de lÃmites internacionales. Los metales pesados no pasan a la infusión, o están
muy por debajo de los valores peligrosos.Fil: Maiocchi, Marcos G..
Universidad Nacional de San LuisFil: Corrales, Lorena.
Universidad Nacional del NordesteFil: Cardoso-Schiavi, Paulina.
Universidad Nacional de San LuisFil: Serrano, Natalia.
Universidad Nacional del NordesteFil: Petenatti, Elisa M..
Universidad Nacional de San LuisFil: Marchevsky, Eduardo J..
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y TécnicasFil: Del Vitto, Luis A..
Universidad Nacional de San Lui
Choleretic activity of five species of baccharis ("carquejas") used as phytotherapics in Argentinean traditional medicine
Seveal Baccharis species known as "carquejas" are used in Argentinean folk medicine as phytotherapics. B. crispa, B. articulata, B. trimera, B. sagittalis and B. triangularis have been evaluated for their choleretic activity using Wistar rats. B. sagittalis and B. triangularis showed a significant choleretic activity (bile flow of 1.631 ± 0.089 and 1.598 ± 0.196 μl/min/g liver, respectively). B. crispa, B. trimera showed moderate activity and B. articulata exhibited the same choleretic property that the control. Only, B. articulata and B. crispa are informed as official drugs in the Argentinean Pharmacopoeia. In addition, phytochemical constituents and botanical characters are reportedColegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire
Genotoxic effect of aqueous extracts from South American Achyrocline and Gnaphalium species (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) on human lymphocytes
Crude drug and different extracts of Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC., A. tomentosa Rusby, Gnaphalium cheiranthifolium Lam. and G. gaudichaudianum DC. (Gnaphalieae: Asteraceae) are widely used in South America mainly as digestives and hepatics. These are raw material for phytotherapics preparations and the manufacture of traditional bitter drinks. In order to establish some aspects on their safety, we have evaluated four different concentrations (1, 10, 100, and 1000 µL.mL-1) of the aqueous extracts of these plants against Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay (SCGEA) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Results show a significant increase in damage index (p < 0.001) for all aqueous extracts concentrations assayed of the four plant species, in relation to negative control values. This is a contribution to the development of screenings related to the potential health risk associated with the consumption of South American medicinal plants, especially taking in mind that these plants are widely used as over-thecounter herbs.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire