113 research outputs found

    First case of human gongylonemosis in France

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    Gongylonema spp. are cosmopolitan spirurid nematodes that are common parasites of wild and domesticated mammals and birds. Gongylonema pulchrum Molin, 1857 is most common in ruminants, where it invades mucosa and submucosa of the mouth, tongue, oesophagus and forestomachs. It extremely rarely occurs in man, and fewer than 60 cases have been reported worldwide. We report a case from the Alsace region, which appears to be the first case of human gongylonemosis described in France. Les nĂ©matodes du genre Gongylonema sont des spiruridĂ©s cosmopolites parasites frĂ©quents dans de nombreux mammifĂšres et oiseaux sauvages ou domestiques. Gongylonema pulchrum Molin, 1857 est l’espĂšce la plus souvent rapportĂ©e chez les ruminants, dans la muqueuse et la sous-muqueuse de leur bouche, langue, Ɠsophage et rumen. Il n’est que trĂšs exceptionnellement retrouvĂ© chez l’homme. Moins de 60 cas ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©crits Ă  travers le monde. Nous rapportons dans cet article le premier cas français, dĂ©couvert en Alsace

    Parasite

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    Parasites and infectious diseases are well-known threats to primate populations. The main objective of this study was to provide baseline data on fecal parasites in the cercopithecid monkeys inhabiting CĂŽte d'Ivoire's TaĂŻ National Park. Seven of eight cercopithecid species present in the park were sampled: Cercopithecus diana, Cercopithecus campbelli, Cercopithecus petaurista, Procolobus badius, Procolobus verus, Colobus polykomos, and Cercocebus atys. We collected 3142 monkey stool samples between November 2009 and December 2010. Stool samples were processed by direct wet mount examination, formalin-ethyl acetate concentration, and MIF (merthiolate, iodine, formalin) concentration methods. Slides were examined under microscope and parasite identification was based on the morphology of cysts, eggs, and adult worms. A total of 23 species of parasites was recovered including 9 protozoa (Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Entamoeba hartmanni, Endolimax nana, Iodamoeba butschlii, Chilomastix mesnili, Giardia sp., Balantidium coli, and Blastocystis sp.), 13 nematodes (Oesophagostomum sp., Ancylostoma sp., Anatrichosoma sp., Capillariidae Gen. sp. 1, Capillariidae Gen. sp. 2, Chitwoodspirura sp., Subulura sp., spirurids [cf Protospirura muricola], Ternidens sp., Strongyloides sp., Trichostrongylus sp., and Trichuris sp.), and 1 trematode (Dicrocoelium sp.). Diversity indices and parasite richness were high for all monkey taxa, but C. diana, C. petaurista, C. atys, and C. campbelli exhibited a greater diversity of parasite species and a more equitable distribution. The parasitological data reported are the first available for these cercopithecid species within TaĂŻ National Park. Les maladies parasitaires et infectieuses sont des menaces trĂšs connues pour les populations de primates. L’objectif principal de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de fournir des donnĂ©es de base sur les parasites intestinaux des primates non-humains du Parc National de TaĂŻ en CĂŽte d’Ivoire. Sept des huit espĂšces de cercopithĂ©cidĂ©s vivant dans le parc ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©chantillonnĂ©es : Cercopithecus diana, Cercopithecus campbelli, Cercopithecus petaurista, Procolobus badius, Procolobus verus, Colobus polykomos and Cercocebus atys. Nous avons collectĂ© 3142 Ă©chantillons de selles de singes de novembre 2009 Ă  dĂ©cembre 2010. Les Ă©chantillons de selles ont Ă©tĂ© traitĂ©s par la technique d’examen direct, les mĂ©thodes de concentration formol-Ă©thyl acĂ©tate et MIF (merthiolate, iode, formol). Les lames ont Ă©tĂ© examinĂ©es au microscope et l’identification des parasites a Ă©tĂ© basĂ©e sur la morphologie des kystes, des Ɠufs et des vers adultes. Au total, 23 espĂšces de parasites ont Ă©tĂ© trouvĂ©es, dont 9 protozoaires (Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Entamoeba hartmanni, Endolimax nana, Iodamoeba butschlii, Chilomastix mesnili, Giardia sp., Balantidium coli et Blastocystis sp.), 13 nĂ©matodes (Oesophagostomum sp., Ancylostoma sp., Anatrichosoma sp., Capillariidae Gen. sp. 1, Capillariidae Gen. sp. 2, Chitwoodspirura sp., Subulura sp., Spiruridae [cf. Protospirura muricola], Ternidens sp., Strongyloides sp., Trichostrongylus sp. et Trichuris sp.), et un trĂ©matode (Dicrocoelium sp.). L’indice de diversitĂ© et la richesse parasitaire Ă©taient Ă©levĂ©s pour tous les taxa de singes, mais C. diana, C. petaurista, C. atys and C. campbelli ont enregistrĂ© une plus grande diversitĂ© et une distribution plus Ă©quitable des espĂšces de parasites. Les donnĂ©es parasitologiques que nous rapportons sont les premiĂšres disponibles pour ces espĂšces de singes du Parc National de TaĂŻ

    Parasite

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    A 72-year-old man consulted in November 2012 for abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant. The patient had a history of suspected hepatic amebiasis treated in Senegal in 1985 and has not traveled to endemic areas since 1990. Abdominal CT scan revealed a liver abscess. At first, no parasitological tests were performed and the patient was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Only after failure of this therapy, serology and PCR performed after liver abscess puncture established the diagnosis of hepatic amebiasis. The patient was treated with metronidazole and tiliquinol-tilbroquinol. Amebic liver abscess is the most frequent extra-intestinal manifestation. Hepatic amebiasis 22 years after the last visit to an endemic area is exceptional and raises questions on the mechanisms of latency and recurrence of these intestinal protozoan parasites. Un homme de 72 ans consulte en novembre 2012 pour des douleurs abdominales dans le quadrant supĂ©rieur droit. Le patient prĂ©sente un antĂ©cĂ©dent probable d’abcĂšs amibien du foie traitĂ© en 1985 au SĂ©nĂ©gal et n’a pas voyagĂ© en rĂ©gion d’endĂ©mie depuis 1990. Le scanner abdominal rĂ©alisĂ© met en Ă©vidence un abcĂšs hĂ©patique. Dans un premier temps, aucun examen parasitologique n’est effectuĂ© et le patient est traitĂ© par des antibiotiques Ă  large spectre. Suite Ă  l’échec de ce traitement, la sĂ©rologie et la PCR rĂ©alisĂ©es aprĂšs ponction de l’abcĂšs hĂ©patique, Ă©tablissent le diagnostic d’amibiase hĂ©patique. Le patient est traitĂ© par mĂ©tronidazole et tiliquinol-tilbroquinol. L’abcĂšs amibien du foie est la manifestation extra-intestinale de l’amibiase la plus frĂ©quente. L’amibiase hĂ©patique 22 ans aprĂšs le dernier voyage en zone d’endĂ©mie est exceptionnelle et soulĂšve des questions concernant les mĂ©canismes de latence et de rĂ©currence des protozoaires intestinaux

    Interaction between polymorphisms in aspirin metabolic pathways, regular aspirin use and colorectal cancer risk: A case-control study in unselected white European populations

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    Regular aspirin use is associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Variation in aspirin’s chemoprevention efficacy has been attributed to the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We conducted a meta-analysis using two large population-based case-control datasets, the UK-Leeds Colorectal Cancer Study Group and the NIH-Colon Cancer Family Registry, having a combined total of 3325 cases and 2262 controls. The aim was to assess 42 candidate SNPs in 15 genes whose association with colorectal cancer risk was putatively modified by aspirin use, in the literature. Log odds ratios (ORs) and standard errors were estimated for each dataset separately using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex and study site, and dataset-specific results were combined using random effects meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed association between SNPs rs6983267, rs11694911 and rs2302615 with CRC risk reduction (All P<0.05). Association for SNP rs6983267 in the CCAT2 gene only was noteworthy after multiple test correction (P = 0.001). Site-specific analysis showed association between SNPs rs1799853 and rs2302615 with reduced colon cancer risk only (P = 0.01 and P = 0.004, respectively), however neither reached significance threshold following multiple test correction. Meta-analysis of SNPs rs2070959 and rs1105879 in UGT1A6 gene showed interaction between aspirin use and CRC risk (Pinteraction = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively); stratification by aspirin use showed an association for decreased CRC risk for aspirin users having a wild-type genotype (rs2070959 OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.68–0.86; rs1105879 OR = 0.77 95% CI = 0.69–0.86) compared to variant allele cariers. The direction of the interaction however is in contrast to that published in studies on colorectal adenomas. Both SNPs showed potential site-specific interaction with aspirin use and colon cancer risk only (Pinteraction = 0.006 and 0.008, respectively), with the direction of association similar to that observed for CRC. Additionally, they showed interaction between any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (including aspirin) use and CRC risk (Pinteraction = 0.01 for both). All gene x environment (GxE) interactions however were not significant after multiple test correction. Candidate gene investigation indicated no evidence of GxE interaction between genetic variants in genes involved in aspirin pathways, regular aspirin use and colorectal cancer risk

    Procedure versus process: ethical paradigms and the conduct of qualitative research

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    Lors de tentatives d’infestation par voie buccale de Leucophaea maderae par Hymenolepis nana var. fraterna, les auteurs ont observĂ© que seul un petit nombre d’embryons est capable de traverser la paroi intestinale. Au cours de ce passage, les parasites induisent chez l’hĂŽte une double rĂ©action : rĂ©action cellulaire au niveau de l’épithĂ©lium et rĂ©action hĂ©mocytaire Ă  l’extĂ©rieur de l’épithĂ©lium. Le dĂ©veloppement des embryons paraĂźt alors stoppĂ© : parvenus dans l’hĂ©mocĂšle, ils dĂ©gĂ©nĂšrent sans pouvoir Ă©voluer vers le stade cysticercoĂŻde
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