PSIQUIATRIA OCUPACIONAL: ASPECTOS CONCEITUAIS, DIAGNÓSTICOS E PERÍCIA DOS TRANSTORNOS MENTAIS E DO COMPORTAMENTO RELACIONADO AO TRABALHO

  Throughout the development of capitalism, the conception of what worker health is has changed, moving from 'concern for the survival of the body' to 'concern for the worker's mental health'. Health management has been incorporated into new forms of management in capitalist enterprises, but despite this, suffering at work continues, expressed in manifestations such as stress, chronic fatigue, burnout, WMSDs, etc. This article seeks to identify and analyze, through a case study, the contradictions that exist regarding the organizational strategies adopted on Mental Health at Work, taking the perception of workers as a reference. The results showed that health programs are based on specific, palliative interventions and are related to the organization's control system, acting on the effects of work organization, not being based on a real concern for the worker's health.  Ao longo do desenvolvimento do capitalismo, a concepção do que seja a saúde do trabalhador modificou-se, passando do patamar da 'preocupação com a sobrevivência do corpo' para a 'preocupação com a saúde mental do trabalhador'. A gestão da saúde foi sendo incorporada às novas formas de gestão dos empreendimentos capitalistas, mas a despeito disso, o sofrimento no trabalho continua, expresso em manifestações como estresse, fadiga crônica, burnout, DORT etc. Este artigo busca identificar e analisar, através de um estudo de caso, as contradições existentes acerca das estratégias organizacionais adotadas sobre Saúde Mental no Trabalho, tendo como referência a percepção dos trabalhadores. Os resultados mostraram que os programas de saúde são baseados em intervenções pontuais, paliativas e estão relacionados ao sistema de controle da organização atuando em cima dos efeitos da organização do trabalho, não se baseando numa real preocupação com a saúde do trabalhador

COMPLICAÇÕES DA DERIVAÇÃO VENTRÍCULO-PERITONEAL EM PACIENTES PEDIÁTRICOS: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Introduction: Hydrocephalus is characterized by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cerebral ventricular system, leading to increased intracranial pressure and dilatation of the ventricles. In children, it is manifested by irritability, accelerated growth of the head circumference, and signs of intracranial hypertension. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (PVD) is a common surgical technique for CSF drainage. Objective: To analyze the complications associated with PVD in pediatric patients, identifying risk factors, patterns of occurrence, and clinical outcomes, to improve care and clinical outcomes. Methodology: An integrative review was carried out in consultation with PubMed and SciELO. Descriptors such as "ventriculoperitoneal shunt," "complications," "hydrocephalus," "infection," and "malfunction" were used. Articles from the last five years, in Portuguese and English, addressing complications of PVD were included. Out-of-scope, full-text, and duplicate studies were excluded. A total of 11 articles were selected for analysis. Results: We included 11 articles that highlighted complications such as infections, device malfunctions, obstructions, and abdominal complications. Shunt infections occur in up to 15% of pediatric cases, often within the first 6 to 12 months postoperatively. Distal catheter malfunction is common and requires frequent surgical revisions. Rare complications include abdominal pseudocysts, distal catheter extrusion, and gram-negative bacterial infections, with high rates in the first few days after shunt insertion. Frequent revisions increase the risk of complications. Conclusions: PVD, although effective, has several complications that impact the quality of life of pediatric patients. Infections and system malfunctions are the most common complications. Multidisciplinary management and preventive strategies are essential to optimize clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients.Introducción: La hidrocefalia se caracteriza por la acumulación de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) en el sistema ventricular cerebral, lo que conduce a un aumento de la presión intracraneal y a la dilatación de los ventrículos. En los niños, se manifiesta por irritabilidad, crecimiento acelerado de la circunferencia cefálica y signos de hipertensión intracraneal. La derivación ventriculoperitoneal (PVD, por sus siglas en inglés) es una técnica quirúrgica común para el drenaje del LCR. Objetivo: Analizar las complicaciones asociadas a la EVP en pacientes pediátricos, identificando factores de riesgo, patrones de ocurrencia y resultados clínicos, para mejorar la atención y los resultados clínicos. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión integradora en consulta con PubMed y SciELO. Se utilizaron descriptores como "derivación ventriculoperitoneal", "complicaciones", "hidrocefalia", "infección" y "disfunción". Se incluyeron artículos de los últimos cinco años, en portugués e inglés, que abordaron las complicaciones de la EVP. Se excluyeron los estudios fuera de alcance, de texto completo y duplicados. Se seleccionaron un total de 11 artículos para el análisis. Resultados: Se incluyeron 11 artículos que destacaron complicaciones como infecciones, mal funcionamiento del dispositivo, obstrucciones y complicaciones abdominales. Las infecciones por derivación ocurren hasta en el 15% de los casos pediátricos, a menudo dentro de los primeros 6 a 12 meses después de la operación. El mal funcionamiento del catéter distal es común y requiere revisiones quirúrgicas frecuentes. Las complicaciones raras incluyen pseudoquistes abdominales, extrusión de catéter distal e infecciones bacterianas gramnegativas, con tasas altas en los primeros días después de la inserción de la derivación. Las revisiones frecuentes aumentan el riesgo de complicaciones. Conclusiones: La EVP, aunque efectiva, tiene varias complicaciones que impactan en la calidad de vida de los pacientes pediátricos. Las infecciones y el mal funcionamiento del sistema son las complicaciones más comunes. El manejo multidisciplinario y las estrategias preventivas son esenciales para optimizar los resultados clínicos y la calidad de vida de los pacientes.Introdução: A hidrocefalia é caracterizada pelo acúmulo de líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) no sistema ventricular cerebral, levando ao aumento da pressão intracraniana e dilatação dos ventrículos. Em crianças, manifesta-se por irritabilidade, crescimento acelerado do perímetro cefálico e sinais de hipertensão intracraniana. A derivação ventrículo-peritoneal (DVP) é uma técnica cirúrgica comum para drenagem do LCR. Objetivo: Analisar as complicações associadas à DVP em pacientes pediátricos, identificando fatores de risco, padrões de ocorrência e desfechos clínicos, para melhorar os cuidados e resultados clínicos. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa consultando PubMed e SciELO. Utilizaram-se descritores como "ventriculoperitoneal shunt," "complications," "hydrocephalus," "infection," e "malfunction". Foram incluídos artigos dos últimos cinco anos, em português e inglês, abordando complicações da DVP. Excluíram-se estudos fora do escopo, não disponíveis em texto completo e duplicados. Selecionaram-se 11 artigos para análise. Resultados: Foram integrados 11 artigos que destacaram complicações como infecções, mau funcionamento do dispositivo, obstruções e complicações abdominais. Infecções de shunt ocorrem em até 15% dos casos pediátricos, frequentemente nos primeiros 6 a 12 meses pós-cirurgia. O mau funcionamento do cateter distal é comum e requer revisões cirúrgicas frequentes. Complicações raras incluem pseudocistos abdominais, extrusão distal do cateter e infecções bacterianas gram-negativas, com altas taxas nos primeiros dias após a inserção do shunt. Revisões frequentes aumentam o risco de complicações. Conclusões: A DVP, embora eficaz, apresenta várias complicações que impactam a qualidade de vida dos pacientes pediátricos. Infecções e mau funcionamento do sistema são as complicações mais comuns. A gestão multidisciplinar e estratégias preventivas são essenciais para otimizar os resultados clínicos e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes

Soil microstructure related to physical-hydric properties of Brazilian Oxisols

Latossolos são predominantes no território brasileiro e mais frequentes em regiões de clima tropical. Estes solos se caracterizam por serem altamente intemperizados, de mineralogia composta por óxidos de Fe e Al e caulinita, fatores que, em conjunto, influenciam diretamente no grau de microagregação, alterando toda a dinâmica do seu espaço poroso e seu comportamento físico-hídrico. Devido à importância destes solos e à presença de algumas lacunas a serem preenchidas em relação a essa temática, os principais objetivos desta tese foram avaliar: (a) a estabilidade estrutural de quatro Latossolos e entender a relação com a mineralogia do solo; (b) propriedades físico-hídricas de Latossolos com ênfase na retenção e condução da água no solo e (c) a microestrutura e a porosidade de Latossolos com uso de técnicas 2D e 3D. Pelas análises realizadas e os dados obtidos dispostos na forma de capítulos, as principais conclusões foram: I. A goethita parece ser mais importante na estabilidade estrutural do solo do que a hematita e, conjuntamente com a gibbsita, mostrou potencial na formação de microagregados pequenos e estáveis, como visto no Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico. II. Como a estrutura é fundamental para se definir o comportamento físico-hídrico do solo, os Latossolos com maior quantidade de microagregados apresentaram maior porosidade inter e intra-agregados, resultado da distribuição de poros bimodal. III. O Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico e o Acriférrico apresentaram alto grau de microagregação e um sistema poroso mais bem conectado, fatos que foram confirmados por análises de imagem 3D, o que pode justificar a alta condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado - Ksat, nestes Latossolos. Com relação ao tipo de poros encontrados pela análise de imagem 2D não foi constatada maior Ksat quando o solo sempre exibia poros do tipo complexos, como no caso do Latossolo Amarelo Distrocoeso.Oxisols, which are the soils most commonly found in tropical climate regions, are the predominant in the Brazilian territory. These soils are characterized as highly weathered, with mineralogy composed of oxides of Fe and Al and kaolinite, factors that directly influence the degree of micro-aggregation, changing the entire dynamics of their porous space and their physical-hydric behavior. Due to the importance of these soils and the presence of some gaps to be filled in relation to this theme, the main objectives of this thesis were to evaluate: (a): the structural stability of four Oxisols and understand its relationship to soil mineralogy; (b) the physical-hydric properties of them with emphasis on soil water retention and conduction; and (c) their microstructure and porosity, using 2D and 3D techniques. According to the results, the main conclusions were: I. Goethite seems to be more important in soil structural stability than hematite and which, together with gibbsite, indicated having the potential to form small and stable micro-aggregates, as seen in the Rhodic Haplustox. II. As the structure is fundamental to define the soil physical-hydric behavior, the Oxisols with higher amount of micro aggregates showed higher inter- and intra-aggregate porosity, a result of bimodal pore size distribution. III. The Rhodic Haplustox and Anionic Acrustox showed a high degree of micro-aggregation and a better connected porous system, facts that were confirmed by 3D image analysis, which may justify the high saturated hydraulic conductivity - Ksat, in these Oxisols; regarding the type of pores found by 2D image analysis, Ksat was not found to be higher when the soil always had complex pores, as in the case of the Xanthic Kandiustox

Long-term changes in physical properties of oxisols submitted to intensive cultivation with vegetable crops

A estrutura do solo é propriedade que influencia diretamente o crescimento, o suprimento de água e a disponibilidade de nutrientes e oxigênio às plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar possíveis alterações estruturais causadas pelo sistema intensivo de cultivo de olerícolas em Latossolos Vermelho-Amarelo por longos períodos de uso. Amostras de solo deformadas, nas camadas de 0-30, 30-40 e 70-100 cm e indeformadas, nas camadas de 0-10, 10-30, 30-40, 40-70 e 70-100 cm de profundidade, foram coletadas em área de cerrado nativo e em três propriedades comerciais que cultivam olerícolas em diferentes tempos de implantação (15, 20 e 30 anos) na região de Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais. Nestas amostras avaliaram-se: carbono orgânico total, argila dispersa em água, grau de floculação, densidade do solo, grau de compactação, resistência do solo à penetração, porosidade, condutividade hidráulica em solo saturado, curva de retenção de água no solo e estabilidade de agregados via úmida e ultrassom. Os resultados demonstraram que o preparo intensivo e o longo tempo de uso do solo com cultivo de olerícolas promoveram alterações nas propriedades físicas dos Latossolos estudados. Constatou-se aumento da retenção de água no solo em todas as áreas cultivadas e o solo com maior tempo de uso (30 anos) mostrou-se o mais impactado, porém a estrutura fortemente desenvolvida e a elevada friabilidade minimizam os impactos do efeito do uso prolongado com agricultura altamente intensiva devido à grande capacidade de resistência/resiliência física que estes solos apresentam.Soil structure is the property directly influences the growth, the water supply and the availability of nutrients and oxygen to the plants. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate possible structural changes caused by the conventional soil preparation system in Yellow-Red Oxisols cultivated with vegetable for different times. For this measurement, it was collected deformed samples soil from layers 0-30, 30-40 e 70-100 cm of depth from native cerrado areas. In addition, were collected undeformed soil samples from layers 0-10, 10-30, 30-40, 40-70 e 70-100 cm of depth from native cerrado and from three farmers as well. These farmers are located in Rio Paranaiba region, state of Minas Gerais, where were cultivated vegetable crops in succession with cereals over different times (15, 20 and 30 years). In these samples were evaluated: total organic carbon, clay disperse in water, degree of flocculation, soil density, compaction degree, soil resistance penetration, soil porosity, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, retention curve of water in the soil and aggregate stability wet sieving and ultrasound routes. Our study demonstrated that conventional intensive soil preparation for long time with vegetable crops promoted changes on physical properties of Oxisols. It was detected the increasing of water retention for all of crop areas. The system with higher crop time with vegetable (thirty years) revealed more impacted in terms of soil physical qualities, however the strongly developed structure minimized the impacts of the prolonged use of these soils submitted to intensive agriculture because of their high capacity of physical resistance/resilience.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic

Root Influences Rhizosphere Hydraulic Properties through Soil Organic Carbon and Microbial Activity

Processes of water retention and movement and the hydraulic conductivity are altered in the rhizosphere. The aim of this study was to investigate the physical-hydric properties of soil aggregates in the rhizosphere of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) cropped in a Kandiudalfic Eutrudox, taking into account aspects related to soil aggregate stability. Soil aggregates from rhizosphere soil (RZS) and soil between plant rows (SBP) were used to determine soil water retention curves (SWRCs) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat). In addition, properties related to soil aggregate stability, such as water-dispersible clay, soil organic carbon (SOC), and microbial activity, were also assessed. The higher microbial activity observed in the RZS was facilitated by increased SOC and microbial activity, resulting in improved soil aggregation (less water-dispersible clay). For nearly all measured matric potentials, RZS had a higher water content than SBP. This was attributed to the stability of aggregates, increase in SOC content, and the root exudates, which improved soil water retention. The increase in total porosity in RZS was associated with improved soil aggregation, which prevents deterioration of the soil pore space and results in higher Ksat and hydraulic conductivity as a function of the effective relative saturation in RZS compared to SBP

X-ray Microtomography for Investigating Pore Space and Its Relation to Water Retention and Conduction in Highly Weathered Soils

Soil structure controls soil hydraulic properties and is linked to soil aggregation processes. The aggregation processes of Oxisols are controlled mainly by clay mineralogy and biological activity. Computed microtomography (µCT) may be a tool for improving the knowledge of the hydraulic properties of these soils. Thus, this study brings an advance in the use of 3D image analysis to better comprehend the water behavior in tropical soils. In this work, three Oxisols were studied with the objective to (i) characterize the soil water retention curve (SWRC), the corresponding pore size frequency, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat); (ii) use µCT to obtain, based on 3D images of soil structure and pore size distribution; and (iii) correlating parameters from SWRCs, Ksat, and µCT with other physical-hydric, chemical, and mineralogical attributes. Rhodic Haplustox—P1, Anionic Acrustox—P2, and Typic Hapludox—P3 were the three studied Oxisols. The differences among the SWRCs were related to the microgranular and block type’s structure morphology, which modified the soil pore space. The pore size frequency was calculated from SWRCs for pores with diameters of 87 ± 2 μm in P1, 134 ± 11μm in P2, and 175 ± 18 μm in P3. Pore size distribution from µCT was determined for the range of 20–100 µm, mainly with the highest percentages: 12 ± 1.09% for P1 and 12 ± 1.4% for P2. Pore connectivity was assessed from images by calculating Euler Numbers (EN), with the differences related to the biggest pore (ENbigpore): P1 (−44,223 ± 10,096) and P2 (−44,621 ± 12,573) showed more connected pores (ENbigpore) in comparison to P3 (−11,597 ± 6935). The parameter ENbigpore was decisive in understanding the water retention and conduction processes of the studied soils. The better-connected pore space increased Ksat in P1 (220 ± 0.05 mm h−1) and P2 (189 ± 0.1 mm h−1) in comparison to P3 (20 ± 0.3 mm h−1) and modified the shape of SWRCs

Soil quality literature in Brazil: A systematic review

texto completoBrazilian soil scientists have increased the use of the term “soil quality” in their scientific publications in the last decade. However, it remains unclear if those publications only mention “soil quality” in a broad context, or the studies are focused on soil quality assessments, integrating soil chemical, physical and biological indicators. The objective of this systematic review was to carry out a critical analysis of the conception in using the term “soil quality” in recent publications derived from studies performed in Brazil. For this purpose, the terms [(“soil health” or “soil quality” or “qualidade do solo”) and (“Brazil*” or “Brasil*”)] were searched in databases of Web of Science, Scopus, and Scielo from 2014 to 2021. Initially, 1,284 peer-reviewed papers were found, subsequently selected according to the criteria established in two filters: (i) First filter - studies carried out in Brazil, which mentioned at least one of the terms of interest (“soil health” or “soil quality” or “qualidade do solo”) and that evaluated soil biological, physical or chemical indicators, assessing at least one of them; (ii) Second filter - studies in which all three groups of soil indicators were assessed and integrated, and presented a specific discussion about soil quality. According to the results, 36 % of the papers met the first criteria (n = 464), and only 2 % (n = 30) attended the second filter. The terms “soil health” or “soil quality” or “qualidade do solo” were mentioned 7 and 37 times per paper for those papers selected in the first and second filter, respectively. We evidenced in our study that the term soil quality in agricultural science papers has been predominantly used in a broad context, mostly to refer to the suitable soil conditions for plant growth. Thus, we concluded that even if the use of soil quality term is increasing in Brazilian literature, there are still very few researchers working specifically with soil quality assessments, in its full conception (i.e., integrating chemical, physical and biological indicators). Therefore, there is a promising research field to be explored to promote scientific advances in the soil quality area (e.g., new concepts, assessment frameworks, on-farm monitoring protocols), as well as disseminate the soil quality assessment among the Brazilian farmers, environmentalists, and other stakeholders

Frontotemporal Dementia in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: From Rarity to Reality?

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was initially described in 1869 by Jean-Martin Charcot [...

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora