Waiting for 2005?s World Skiing Championship: an Experimental Assessment of Tourism Sustainability in Sondrio Province

The tourism sector is more and more regarded as a central element of territorial development in many countries. According to the sustainable development approach we have to look at tourism from two possible points of view. First tourism can be regarded as a sum of economic activities playing an important role in the production of income and wealth on a territory. Second, tourists and tourism structures and activities can produce important negative externalities on the environment and the ecosystems, reducing economic benefits because of collective costs related to the depletion of the quality of the environment and the ecosystems. Moreover, the quality and the variety of the environment and the different landscapes can be considered basic factors of production of tourism. As a result, from a long term perspective, the poorest quality of the environment and of the landscape can produce e reduction in tourism activities and, consequently, of revenues. These means that the durability of tourism itself is strictly linked to the durability (or better, improvement) of the environmental quality. The sustainability of tourism is more and more discussed at international and national level but the real challenge in choosing and starting along the path of sustainable development should be searched in the local territorial levels. This is the level at which different subjects and interests really confront and dispute. And this is the level where the choose for sustainable development of tourism becomes concrete. The goal of the work is to underline the role that sustainability indicators can play in territorial decision making processes on tourism development. A methodology and a first experimental application of tourism sustainability indicators will be proposed, taking into consideration environmental and territorial costs and benefits arising from tourism activities. The experimental area is Sondrio Province, in Lombardy Region, where in year 2005 the World Nordic Ski Championship will take place. We will first suggest a possible definition for sustainable tourism in an alpine territorial area. Then, starting from a long list of possible indicators especially developed to describe the sustainability performance of tourism in the Lombardy Region, we will propose the analysis for a selection of indicators, based on available data. The aim of this working phase is the description of the sustainability of the existing tourism model. We will finally compare these results with the potential additional impacts (but also benefits) coming from public and private action needed to improve not only winter sports facilities but also accommodation capacity, access and mobility infrastructures and additional tourism services, waiting for 2005?s World Championship.

The enhancement of knowledge, preservation and valorisation of historical settlements in the alpine area: an interdisciplinary approach

The paper aims to present the methodological approach used for the development of the Interreg IIIB Alpine Space project “Cultur ALP - Knowledge and Enhancement of Historical Centres and Cultural Landscape”. The project promoted by Lombardy Region, involves seven European regions from four different countries. The goal is to improve the knowledge of alpine historical settlements and to develop innovative operating policies to protect and enhance this distinctive cultural heritage. The paper will focus on the SWOT analysis methodology, here applied to cultural heritage and aiming to describe, understand and valorise the peculiarities and the values of historical settlements and cultural landscapes in the alpine territory. SWOT analysis indicators have been selected in order to internalise the interdisciplinary approach chosen in the project. The intervention strategy that normally characterises the government and management of historic settlements is sectoral and looks at the settlement itself as an ensemble of valuable buildings to be preserved from depletion. Here this point of view is overtaken in favour of a “systemic” analysis, where historical settlements can be viewed as cultural capital, closely integrated to all the other territorial resources. This to achieve a sustainable and durable territorial development, based on the preservation and valorisation of cultural, historical, artistic, social, economic and environmental identities, according to the peculiar spatial and socio-economic context of the Alps arch. This implies the contribution of different disciplinary approaches and tool boxes, that have to be understood and shared by different knowledge systems (approach, strategies, methodologies, tools…). The real challenge of the project is therefore the use of the interdisciplinary approach in developing integrated policies for the preservation and valorisation of historical settlements and cultural landscapes, pushing architects and historians of art as well as planners, economists, sociologists, administrative professionals and other territorial analysts to work together in a mutual learning process.

[Eco]systems of resilience practices: a reframing from the Experience of Italian Resilience Practices Observatory

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A Journey into the City. Migrant Workers' Relation with the Urban Space and Struggle for Existence in Xu Zechen's Early Jingpiao Fiction

In contemporary China, rural-urban migrants constitute a new urban subject with entirely new identity-related issues. This study aims at demonstrating how literature can be a valid field in investigating such evolving subjectivities, through an analysis of Xu Zechen’s early novellas depicting migrants’ vicissitudes in Beijing. Combining a close reading of the texts and a review of the main social problems characterising rural-urban migration in China, this paper focuses on the representation of the identity crisis within the migrant self in Xu’s stories, taking into account the network of meanings employed by the writer to signify the objective and subjective tension between the city and the countryside

Collins and Sivers asymmetries in muonproduction of pions and kaons off transversely polarised protons

Measurements of the Collins and Sivers asymmetries for charged pions and charged and neutral kaons produced in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering of high energy muons off transversely polarised protons are presented. The results were obtained using all the available COMPASS proton data, which were taken in the years 2007 and 2010. The Collins asymmetries exhibit in the valence region a non-zero signal for pions and there are hints of non-zero signal also for kaons. The Sivers asymmetries are found to be positive for positive pions and kaons and compatible with zero otherwise. © 2015

Measurement at COMPASS of transverse spin effects on identified hadrons on a transversely polarised proton target

2009/2010La sezione d'urto che descrive la diff usione profondamente inelastica di un leptone carico (mu+) su di un nucleone (protone) polarizzato trasversalmente rispetto alla direzione del moto con identifi cazione di almeno un adrone nello stato finale presenta otto modulazioni azimutali, rispetto al piano de finito dallo spin del nucleone bersaglio e dal momento del leptone incidente. Tra queste le meglio conosciute sono dovute all'eff etto Collins e all'eff etto Sivers. Il primo eff etto è la frammentazione di un quark polarizzato trasversalmente in un adrone e l'ampiezza della modulazione è data dalla convoluzione della "trasversità" (ovvero la funzione di distribuzione che descrive i partoni polarizzati parallelamente o antiparallelamente allo spin del nucleone, per nucleoni polarizzati trasversalmente) con la funzione di frammentazione di Collins. L'eff etto Sivers è dovuto alla distribuzione di momento trasverso dei partoni all'interno del nucleone. Le rimanenti sei modulazioni sono dovute ad altre correlazioni tra la polarizzazione o il momento trasverso del partone e lo spin del nucleone. Il lavoro presentato in questa tesi è la misura dell'ampiezza delle modulazioni azimutali (asimmetrie) per i dati raccolti nel 2007 dall'esperimento COMPASS, usando un bersaglio di NH3 per accedere al protone polarizzato, focalizzando l'attenzione sulle asimmetrie di Collins e Sivers. Le asimmetrie sono state misurate sia su un campione di adroni carichi che su adroni identi cati con il rivelatore di luce Cerenkov RICH-1. Ampia parte del lavoro è stata dedicata alla determinazione dell'errore sistematico della misura.The Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) cross section, that describes the scattering of a charged lepton (mu+) o a nucleon (proton) transversely polarised with respect to its momentum, and with the detection of a hadron in the final state, has 8 independent azimuthal modulations, that depends on the spin of the target nucleon and on the lepton momentum. Among these modulations, the most famous are due to the Collins and Sivers eff ects. The Collins eff ect is the asymmetric fragmentation of a polarised quark into a hadron, and the amplitude of the modulation is proportional to the Collins fragmentation function with the transversity parton distribution function, that gives the probability difference to find a quark with the polarisation parallel or anti-parallel to the nucleon spin in a transversely polarised nucleon. The Sivers effect is due to the coupling of the quark transverse momentum and the spin in a transversely polarised nucleon. The other six modulations are due to other correlations between the quark polarisation or the quark transverse momentum and the nucleon spin. The work presented in this Thesis is the measurement of the amplitude of the azimuthal modulations (asymmetries) on the data of the COMPASS experiment, collected in 2007 using a NH3 target to access the polarised proton, focusing on the Collins and Sivers asymmetries. The asymmetries have been measured both the charged hadrons and on hadrons identif ied making use of the ring-imaging Cherenkov detector RICH-1 . Large part of the work presented here is devoted to the determination of the systematic error of the measurement.XXIII Ciclo198

Single spin asymmetries for identified hadrons at COMPASS

COMPASS is a fixed target experiment at CERN SPS, dedicated to the study of the nucleon spin structure and hadron spectroscopy. The transverse spin structure of the nucleon is investigated by measuring semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) of a 160 GeV/c longitudinally polarized muon beam off transversely polarised targets. Particle Identication (PID) is performed with a Ring Imaging CHerenkov detector (RICH) that has been upgraded in 2005. COMPASS took data using transversely polarised $^{6}$LiD target from 2002 to 2004 and with a transversely polarised NH$_{3}$ target in 2007. In this talk the Collins and Sivers asymmetries on polarised proton for charged pions and kaons will be shown for the first time and compared with the same results on polarised deuteron for COMPASS