Patients’ Perceptions and Attitudes to the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Narrative Review

Breast cancer remains the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, necessitating advancements in diagnostic methods. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into mammography has shown promise in enhancing diagnostic accuracy. However, understanding patient perspectives, particularly considering the psychological impact of breast cancer diagnoses, is crucial. This narrative review synthesizes literature from 2000 to 2023 to examine breast cancer patients’ attitudes towards AI in breast imaging, focusing on trust, acceptance, and demographic influences on these views. Methodologically, we employed a systematic literature search across databases such as PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Scopus, selecting studies that provided insights into patients’ perceptions of AI in diagnostics. Our review included a sample of seven key studies after rigorous screening, reflecting varied patient trust and acceptance levels towards AI. Overall, we found a clear preference among patients for AI to augment rather than replace the diagnostic process, emphasizing the necessity of radiologists’ expertise in conjunction with AI to enhance decision-making accuracy. This paper highlights the importance of aligning AI implementation in clinical settings with patient needs and expectations, emphasizing the need for human interaction in healthcare. Our findings advocate for a model where AI augments the diagnostic process, underlining the necessity for educational efforts to mitigate concerns and enhance patient trust in AI-enhanced diagnostics

ESMRMB Round Table report on "Can Europe Lead in Machine Learning of MRI-Data?"

no abstract availabl

ESMRMB Round Table report on "Can Europe Lead in Machine Learning of MRI-Data?"

no abstract availabl

Clinical impact of cone beam computed tomography on iterative treatment planning during ultrasound-guided percutaneous ablation of liver malignancies

A standardized cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) protocol may impact optimal ablation probe(s) positioning during ultrasound-guided microwave ablation (MWA). To evaluate this hypothesis, 15 patients underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous MWA of 15 liver lesions (10 hepatocellular carcinomas, 5 metastasis ranging 11\u201341\ua0mm) with the ultrasound guidance assisted by a dedicated CBCT protocol. Pre-procedural enhanced CBCT (ceCBCT) was performed after intravenous contrast administration to visualize the lesion and determine the optimal approach using CBCT-based ablation planning software. MW antennas were positioned under ultrasound guidance, and non-enhanced CBCT was performed after deployment and fused with pre-procedural ceCBCT to assess tumor targeting and modify subsequent steps of the procedure. CBCT lesion detection accuracy and number of needle repositioning on the basis of CBCT information were recorded. Clinical success was measured on 1-month follow-up contrast-enhanced CT. The target lesion was detected on ceCBCT in 13 out of 15 patients (87%). The undetected lesions were only visible on diagnostic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, which was then fused to the CBCT and fluoroscopy to facilitate targeting. MW antennas were repositioned on the basis of CBCT in 11 lesions (73%). Clinical success was achieved in 14/15 ablations (93%) with a mean follow-up of X months. The only case of local recurrence was expected, as the intent was tumor debulking. CBCT imaging during ultrasound-guided liver ablation is feasible and leads to ablation device repositioning in the majority of cases

67 kDa Laminin Receptor (67LR) Involvement in the Trafficking of Normal and Leukemic Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Computer-Aided Identification of a Small Inhibitory Molecule

The 67 kDa laminin receptor (67LR) is a cell-surface receptor with high affinity for laminin (LM), which plays a key role in tumour progression. 67LR is also involved in normal human T lymphocytes homing and in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), lymphoma and myeloma cell adhesion and migration. Recently, we demonstrated 67LR involvement in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-induced mobilization of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), in human healthy donors. 67LR has also been shown to contribute to HSC homing to BM after transplantation, in mice. We now investigated the role of 67LR in the trafficking of leukemic CD34+ HSCs and identified a 67LR inhibitory small molecule. Flow cytometric analysis showed a strong upregulation of 67LR expression in BM as well as in peripheral blood (PB) CD34+ cells from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, as compared to normal BM and PB CD34+ cells. Then, we investigated whether 67LR upregulation could modulate CD34+ leukemic cell adhesion and migration to LM and stromal derived factor 1 (SDF1), the key chemokine in HSC trafficking. 67LR-transfected CD34+ cells from the KG1 cell line showed increased migration toward LM and SDF1, as compared to untransfected cells; on the contrary, 67LR overexpression did not increase CD34+ KG1 cell adhesion to LM. 67LR activation by LM determined increased phosphorylation of p38 MAP Kinase, protein Kinase C and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Using the high resolution crystal structure of 67LR (PDB code: 3BCH), we identified 46 compounds that were predicted to interact with a previously identified LM-binding site on 67LR. Of these 46 chemical hits, compound 1-((4-methoxyphenylamino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol, termed NSC 47924, specifically inhibited 67LR-mediated cell adhesion, migration and proliferation to LM. Leukemic cells undergo changes in adhesive properties that allow their migration into the circulation, leading to development of extramedullary disease. Our data show that 67LR overexpression is associated with a migratory phenotype both in cytokine-stimulated normal CD34+ HSCs and in leukemic CD34+ HSCs. Moreover, we demonstrated that 67LR function can be specifically blocked by a newly-identified small molecule, making 67LR a promising therapeutical target

Hypoxia and tumor angiogenesis in the era of hepatocellular carcinoma transarterial loco-regional treatments

This review focuses upon interactions and potential therapeutic targets in the 'vicious cycle' between hypoxia and neoangiogenesis following treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with transarterial loco-regional therapies. Biomarkers correlated with angiogenesis have been studied by many authors as prognostic determinants following transarterial intrahepatic therapy. According to these results future therapies directed toward specific factors related to angiogenesis could play a significant role in preventing local tumor recurrence and remote metastasis