21 research outputs found
“Las Actividades Agrícolas (Arroceras) y Domésticas y Sus Relaciones con la Calidad del Agua del Estero Chiquito, Parroquia La Victoria, Cantón Salitre, Provincia Guayas”
La investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar la incidencia de las actividades agrícolas (arroceras) y domésticas en la calidad del agua del estero Chiquito, parroquia La Victoria, cantón Salitre, provincia Guayas, se aplicaron guías de observación in situ de experto, guías de entrevistas a la población y el muestreo; análisis físico, químico y microbiológico, insumos del indicador Índice de Calidad del Agua. Los resultados permitieron la aceptación del estudio, con un elevado nivel de confiabilidad, de la hipótesis de investigación de que las actividades agrícolas (arroceras) y domésticas son las principales causas del deterioro de la calidad del agua del estero bajo estudio
"Percentage of excess body mass index loss and cardiometabolic risk reduction in Peruvian adults undergoing sleeve gastrectomy"
"Objective: To assess the association between the percentage of excess body mass index loss
(%EBMIL) and cardiometabolic risk reduction in Peruvian adults undergoing laparoscopic sleeve
gastrectomy (LSG).
Methods: Retrospective cohort study conducted with adult patients who underwent LSG in a
bariatric clinic during 2016–2020. The outcome variable was cardiometabolic risk change (expressed in Δ) 1 year after LSG. To that effect, the variables total cholesterol, high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very LDL (VLDL) cholesterol,
triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR at baseline and after 12 months were considered.
The exposure variable was %EBMIL. Crude and adjusted β coefficients were estimated with linear regression models.
Results: Of the 110 patients analyzed, 68.2% were women, and the median patient age was 34.5
years. In the model adjusted for sex, age, and baseline BMI, we noted that each 25% increase in
%EBMIL resulted in a decrease in the values for total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and insulin
by 10.36 mg/dL (p < 0.001), 7.98 mg/dL (p = 0.001), 13.35 mg/dL (p = 0.033), and 3.63
uU/mL (p = 0.040), respectively.
Conclusion: %EBMIL was associated with a decrease in total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and
insulin levels, which could suggest a favorable cardiometabolic evolution during the first 12
months following LSG.
Process evaluation in the field: global learnings from seven implementation research hypertension projects in low-and middle-income countries
Background
Process evaluation is increasingly recognized as an important component of effective implementation research and yet, there has been surprisingly little work to understand what constitutes best practice. Researchers use different methodologies describing causal pathways and understanding barriers and facilitators to implementation of interventions in diverse contexts and settings. We report on challenges and lessons learned from undertaking process evaluation of seven hypertension intervention trials funded through the Global Alliance of Chronic Diseases (GACD).
Methods
Preliminary data collected from the GACD hypertension teams in 2015 were used to inform a template for data collection. Case study themes included: (1) description of the intervention, (2) objectives of the process evaluation, (3) methods including theoretical basis, (4) main findings of the study and the process evaluation, (5) implications for the project, policy and research practice and (6) lessons for future process evaluations. The information was summarized and reported descriptively and narratively and key lessons were identified.
Results
The case studies were from low- and middle-income countries and Indigenous communities in Canada. They were implementation research projects with intervention arm. Six theoretical approaches were used but most comprised of mixed-methods approaches. Each of the process evaluations generated findings on whether interventions were implemented with fidelity, the extent of capacity building, contextual factors and the extent to which relationships between researchers and community impacted on intervention implementation. The most important learning was that although process evaluation is time consuming, it enhances understanding of factors affecting implementation of complex interventions. The research highlighted the need to initiate process evaluations early on in the project, to help guide design of the intervention; and the importance of effective communication between researchers responsible for trial implementation, process evaluation and outcome evaluation.
Conclusion
This research demonstrates the important role of process evaluation in understanding implementation process of complex interventions. This can help to highlight a broad range of system requirements such as new policies and capacity building to support implementation. Process evaluation is crucial in understanding contextual factors that may impact intervention implementation which is important in considering whether or not the intervention can be translated to other contexts
Towards sustainable partnerships in global health: the case of the CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases in Peru
8-Channel Time-of-Flight Single-Photon Detection Module Based on InGaAs/InP SPAD Array
We present the design and characterization of a complete and standalone single-photon detection module based on an array of 8 x 1 InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), coupled with a custom readout integrated circuit with gating capability and 8 independent time-to- digital converters (TDCs) for time-interval measurements. Each pixel features an InGaAs/InP SPAD coupled to a picosecond-resolution TDC, with an overall timing jitter of less than 200 ps (FWHM) at 5 V excess bias and 250 K. A secondary peak appears in the temporal response when more than one pixel is turned ON due to optical crosstal
Proyecto de inversión para la creación de un restaurante de dietas variadas en la ciudad de Guayaquil
El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo la evaluación de la rentabilidad económica, al implementar un Restaurante de dietas variadas y especializadas, la viabilidad del proyecto se la efectuara mediante un análisis de inversiones y la aceptación del servicio, pero se elaborara un estudio acerca de las preferencias de los consumidores al elegir sus alimentos. Actualmente a nivel nacional, a pesar del incremento de este tipo de enfermedades y padecimientos no se le ha tomado la suficiente importancia que se merece, en cuanto a la salud en lo que a alimentación se refiere para los ciudadanos de esta ciudad. Diabetes Mellitus es al momento un importante problema de salud pública en el Ecuador, donde en un período relativamente corto ha emergido como una de las principales causas notificadas de muerte. Esto nos llevo a la iniciativa de crear un Restaurante de Dietas Variadas capacitado para cuidar la salud de las personas.FEN-ESPO
Características de la epidemia de cólera de 1998 en Ecuador, durante el fenómeno de "El Niño"
Objetivos. Caracterizar el brote de cólera ocurrido en Ecuador en 1998 durante el fenómeno de "El Niño", presentar los datos sobre la resistencia de las cepas circulantes de Vibrio cholerae a los antimicrobianos y describir las medidas preventivas tomadas por las autoridades sanitarias para reducir el impacto de la enfermedad. Métodos. Los datos epidemiológicos provienen de los registros de la Dirección Nacional de Epidemiología del Ministerio de Salud Pública de Ecuador y del Instituto Nacional de Higiene y Medicina Tropical, y el informe final del Programa de Formación para la Lucha contra el Cólera y las Enfermedades Diarreicas (PROCED ALA 93/25). Se procedió a aislar, identificar y serotipificar V. cholerae en las muestras de heces de 10% de los pacientes con posible cólera identificados entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 1998. Los casos sospechados se definieron por la aparición súbita de diarrea acuosa, con o sin deshidratación, en zonas epidémicas. Las cepas aisladas se sometieron a un antibiograma estándar por el método de difusión, en el que se probaron los siguientes antibióticos: amoxicilina, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol con trimetoprim, compuesto vibriostático O/129, ácido nalidíxico, eritromicina, norfloxacino, ciprofloxacino, gentamicina, cloranfenicol y colistina. Resultados. En 1998 se notificaron 3 755 casos en 17 de las 21 provincias del país, lo que corresponde a una tasa de incidencia de 53,96 por 100 000 habitantes. Treinta y siete pacientes fallecieron, lo cual supone una tasa de letalidad del 0,97%. Se aislaron 301 cepas de V. cholerae en las 637 muestras con sospechosa de cólera que se procesaron; todas correspondieron a V. cholerae O:1, El Tor, subtipo Ogawa. La totalidad de las cepas fueron sensibles a la tetraciclina y a las quinolonas, y 5,6% resistentes a la eritromicina. La única cepa resistente a la amoxicilina fue multirresistente. Las autoridades nacionales pusieron en práctica una serie de medidas preventivas en la comunidad y se fortaleció el sistema de vigilancia para reducir el impacto de la enfermedad. Conclusiones. Las medidas preventivas contribuyeron a reducir el impacto de la nueva epidemia de cólera en el Ecuador, tanto en términos de letalidad como de incidencia. En vista de la sensibilidad global de las cepas a los antimicrobianos, no se justifica cambiar los esquemas de tratamiento vigentes en la Región. Teniendo en cuenta la frecuencia de los desastres naturales en este país y su relación con la reaparición del cólera, es recomendable diseñar intervenciones que permitan prevenir y controlar la reaparición de la enfermedad y su extensión hacia las provincias más vulnerables de la Sierra y el Oriente
Microalgal diet evaluation in the larval development and substrate selection for settlement in the rock oyster Striostrea prismatic
Municipal government strategies for controlling personnel costs during the fiscal storm
Fiscal stress has spurred city governments to search for ways to reduce costs. Human resource professionals and municipal budget officers have been searching for ways to reduce personnel-related costs because this is where the greatest savings can be realized. This paper identifies and examines different personnel cost-containment strategies pursued by a national sample of 90 large U.S. cities. It focuses on hiring, wages and hours, employee benefits and other HR-related actions. Results indicate that jurisdictions whose municipal fiscal conditions are considered to be fair or poor are more likely than cities whose fiscal conditions are perceived to be good to excellent to use many of the cost reduction strategies. Other demographic and organizational variables had some limited relationship with the use of strategies, but were not as significantly associated with costcontainment actions as city economic climate