12 research outputs found

    Marcadores de inflamação e estresse oxidativo no transtorno de estresse pós-traumático

    Get PDF
    O transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) é uma condição que afeta aproximadamente 3,9% da população mundial. O TEPT está relacionado a níveis elevados de incapacidades sociais, profissionais e físicas, bem como a altos níveis de utilização de serviços médicos. Estimativas sugerem que até um terço daqueles que desenvolvem TEPT passam a experimentar uma forma crônica do transtorno que, em muitos casos, dura anos. Entre esses pacientes, comorbidades psiquiátricas e médicas são comuns, com muitos apresentando início precoce de condições relacionadas à idade, como doença cardiometabólica, transtornos neurocognitivos e demência. Novas evidências sugerem que essas consequências biológicas são devidas a elevados níveis sistêmicos de estresse oxidativo e inflamação. Assim, nosso objetivo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática atualizada e metanálise de biomarcadores inflamatórios em pacientes com TEPT, em comparação com controles saudáveis, incluindo também a avaliação de marcadores de estresse oxidativo. Após concluída esta primeira revisão, uma segunda pesquisa avaliando tratamentos para o TEPT que visassem a redução dos biomarcadores inflamatórios foi conduzida. A metanálise incluiu 54 estudos. Os resultados confirmaram os achados do estudo anterior em relação ao aumento das concentrações de IL-6 e TNF-α no TEPT. Esses achados permaneceram significativos mesmo após a exclusão de estudos que avaliaram pacientes em uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos. Adicionalmente, constatou-se que a concentração da PCR é significativamente maior em pacientes com TEPT em comparação com controles. Na segunda revisão, foram detectados 7 estudos que investigaram alterações nos marcadores de estresse inflamatório e oxidativo após tratamento em pacientes com TEPT. Apenas 2 estudos utilizaram medicamentos alternativos como opção de tratamento. Os demais estudos avaliaram a resposta clínica e imunológica a psicofármacos, mais especificamente aos Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação da Serotonina (ISRS) e à vilazodona. Os resultados encontrados são promissores. Estudos com amostras maiores e com maior duração devem ser realizados para confirmar os achados.Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that affects approximately 3.9% of the world's population. PTSD is related to high levels of social, occupational, and physical disabilities, as well as high levels of use of medical services. Estimates suggest that up to a third of those who develop PTSD go on to experience a chronic form of the disorder that, in many cases, lasts for years. Among these patients, psychiatric and medical comorbidities are common, with many experiencing early-onset age-related conditions such as cardiometabolic disease, neurocognitive disorders, and dementia. New evidence suggests that these biological consequences are due to elevated systemic levels of oxidative stress (OXS) and inflammation (INF). Thus, our aim was to perform an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of inflammatory biomarkers in PTSD patients compared to healthy controls, also including the assessment of oxidative stress markers. After completing this first review, a second research evaluating treatments for PTSD aimed at reducing inflammatory biomarkers was conducted. The meta-analysis included 54 studies. The results confirmed the findings of the previous study regarding increased concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in PTSD. These findings remained significant even after excluding studies that evaluated patients using psychotropic medications. Additionally, CRP concentration was found to be significantly higher in PTSD patients compared to controls. In the second review, 7 studies were detected that investigated changes in markers of inflammatory and oxidative stress after treatment in patients with PTSD. Only two studies used alternative drugs as a treatment option. The other studies evaluated the clinical and immunological response to psychotropic drugs, more specifically to SSRIs and vilazodone. The results found are promising. Studies with larger samples and longer duration should be performed to confirm the findings

    Correlation between peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and hippocampal volume in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder

    Get PDF
    Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is a serious mental disorder that affects the development and emotional growth of affected patients. The brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is recognized as one of the possible markers of the framework and its evolution. Abnormalities in BDNF signaling in the hippocampus could explain the cognitive decline seen in patients with TB. Our aim with this study was to evaluate possible changes in hippocampal volume in children and adolescents with BD and associate them to serum BDNF. Subjects included 30 patients aged seven to seventeen years from the ProCAB (Program for Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder). We observed mean right and left hippocampal volumes of 41910.55 and 41747.96 mm3 , respectively. No statistically significant correlations between peripheral BDNF levels and hippocampal volumes were found. We believe that the lack of correlation observed in this study is due to the short time of evolution of BD in children and adolescents. Besides studies with larger sample sizes to confirm the present findings and longitudinal assessments, addressing brain development versus a control group and including drug-naive patients in different mood states may help clarify the role of BDNF in the brain changes consequent upon BD

    El Eco de Santiago : diario independiente: Año V Número 1738 - 1900 Octubre 12

    Get PDF
    INTRODUÇÃO O Transtorno Bipolar Pediátrico (TBP) é um transtorno mental grave que afeta o desenvolvimento e o crescimento emocional dos pacientes acometidos. O Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Cérebro (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor – BDNF) é reconhecido como um dos possíveis marcadores do quadro e de sua evolução. Esta neurotrofina tem reconhecido papel na sobrevivência, diferenciação e crescimento neuronal durante a infância e a idade adulta, atuando em áreas cerebrais envolvidas na patogênese dos transtornos de humor, como a amígdala e o hipocampo. Anormalidades na sinalização do BDNF no hipocampo poderiam explicar o declínio cognitivo visto em pacientes com TB. OBJETIVOS O estudo de possíveis correlações entre BDNF sérico e volume do hipocampo em pacientes com transtorno bipolar pode trazer importantes contribuições para a compreensão da neurobiologia do Transtorno Bipolar (TB). Assim, nosso objetivo com este estudo é avaliar possíveis mudanças no volume do hipocampo em crianças e adolescentes com TB e avaliar sua associação com os níveis séricos do BDNF. Além disso, avaliamos o desempenho de pacientes com TB em tarefas cognitivas relacionadas ao hipocampo e verificamos se houve correlação com os fatores mencionados acima, ou com o tempo de duração da doença. MÉTODOS A amostra incluiu 30 pacientes com idade de sete a dezessete anos, participantes do ProCAB (Programa para Crianças e Adolescentes com Transtorno Bipolar). Processo de avaliação: Pacientes e seus familiares passaram por uma triagem com os critérios do DSM-IV para TB, uma entrevista semi-estruturada, (K-SADS-PL), e finalmente por uma avaliação clínica seguida da aplicação de escalas para mensuração de sintomas de humor. Dos pacientes com diagnóstico confirmado de TB foram coletadas amostras de sangue para avaliação dos níveis do BDNF, e realizada a ressonância magnética do encéfalo. RESULTADOS A média observada (mm3) dos volumes de hipocampo direito e esquerdo foi, respectivamente, de 41910.55 e 41747.96. A média dos valores encontrados de BDNF periférico foi de 19.58pg ⁄ μg proteína, com desvio-padrão de 6,33. Não foram encontradas correlações estatisticamente significativas entre os níveis periféricos de BDNF e volume de hipocampo. Também não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre o desempenho cognitivo e volume de hipocampo, nem entre os demais fatores e duração da doença. CONCLUSÃO Ao contrário do que é observado em estudos de adultos com TB, não foram encontradas correlações entre os níveis periféricos de BDNF e volume de hipocampo. O mesmo ocorreu em relação à memória de trabalho e duração da doença. Acreditamos que a ausência de correlação observada neste estudo se deve ao curto tempo de evolução do TB em crianças e adolescentes. Além de estudos com maiores tamanhos amostrais para confirmar os presentes achados, investigações longitudinais, avaliando o desenvolvimento cerebral tendo um grupo de controles, e incluindo pacientes em diversos estados de humor, virgens de tratamento podem auxiliar no esclarecimento do papel do BDNF nas alterações cerebrais decorrentes do TB.INTRODUCTION Pediatric Bipolar Disorder (PBD) is a serious mental disorder that affects the development and emotional growth of affected patients. The Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - BDNF) is recognized as one of the possible markers of the framework and its evolution. This neurotrophin has recognized role in the survival, differentiation and neuronal growth during childhood and adulthood, acting on brain areas involved in the pathogenesis of mood disorders, such as the amygdala and the hippocampus. Abnormalities in BDNF signaling in the hippocampus could explain the cognitive decline seen in patients with TB. OBJECTIVES The study of possible correlations between serum BDNF and hippocampal volume in patients with bipolar disorder can provide important contributions to the understanding of the neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder (BD).Thus, our aim with this study was to evaluate possible changes in hippocampal volume in children and adolescents with BD, and associate them to serum BDNF. Additionally, we evaluated the performance of cognitive tasks related to the hippocampus and verified if they presented a correlation with the factors mentioned above, or disease duration. METHODS Subjects included 30 patients aged seven to seventeen years from the ProCAB (Program for Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder). Evaluation process: Patients and their families underwent a screening in which are applied the DSM-IV criteria for TB, and a semi-structured interview (K-SADS-PL).Finally, the patients underwent clinical evaluation, followed by the application of scales to measure mood symptoms. Of the patients with confirmed diagnosis of TB blood samples were collected to evaluate the levels of BDNF and performed magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS We observed mean right and left hippocampal volumes of 41910.55 and 41747.96 mm3, respectively. The mean value found for peripheral BDNF levels was 19.58 pg/μg protein, with a standard deviation of 6.33. No statistically significant correlations between peripheral BDNF levels and hippocampal volumes were found. Also no significant correlations between cognitive performance and hippocampal volume, or between other factors and disease duration were found. CONCLUSION We believe that the lack of correlation observed in this study is due to the short time of evolution of BD in children and adolescents. Besides studies with larger sample sizes to confirm the present findings, longitudinal assessments, addressing brain development versus a control group, and including drug-naive patients in different mood states may help clarify the role of BDNF in the brain changes consequent from BD

    Pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents : an update

    Get PDF
    Objective: To review the options for acute and maintenance pharmacological treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents, including the treatment of bipolar depression and comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Narrative review of randomized clinical trials and open-label studies published from 2000 to 2012. The PubMed and PsycINFO websites were queried. Case series were included when a higher level of evidence was not available. Results: Published data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in acute mania/hypomania with significant responses are available for lithium, topiramate, risperidone, olanzapine, and aripiprazole. Open trials of lithium and lamotrigine show that these drugs may be effective in the treatment of depressive episodes. No trials of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been conducted. In the treatment of comorbid ADHD, there are encouraging findings with mixed amphetamine salts and atomoxetine; conflicting results are observed with methylphenidate. Conclusions: Published RCTs of traditional mood stabilizers are scarce, but the best available evidence (results from meta-analytic regression) suggests that second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) as a group are more effective in reducing manic symptoms. Risperidone was the only one included in head-to-head comparisons (vs. lithium and divalproex), showing superiority in terms of efficacy, but with more metabolic side effects, which were also more common in most of the SGAs. There are few studies addressing the treatment of ADHD and depression. Brazilian guidelines for the treatment of pediatric bipolar disorder should also include some SGAs (especially risperidone and aripiprazole) as first-line treatment, and these drugs should be provided by the public health services
    corecore