Strategies and Measures for Sustainable Urban Transport Systems

Increasing sustainability of urban transport systems is a crucial objective of all strategic plans both at national and European level. Different strategies and measures can be adopted to improve the efficiency of transport systems, according to a large set of factors that can affect the results of the implemented actions. A comprehensive study has been carried out in order to define a methodology able to define effective and efficient strategies and measures, allowing to increase the sustainability level of different kinds of cities, from small-medium sized to large metropolitan areas. The methodology has been tested on a group of 50 Italian cities, whose characteristics have been analysed through an initial set of more than 200 indicators. Three main groups of indicators have been taken into account: State indicators, Sustainability indicators, Policy indicators. The main aim has been to identify existing relationships between Sustainability and Policy indicators for cities showing commonalities in terms of State indicators. A correlation analysis allowed to identify 53 relevant indicators from the initial set of 200, while a cluster analysis, based on a hierarchical model, allowed to group the cities into five different groups, according to their population size and density. Correlations between relevant indicators have also been analysed within each group, while linear regression models have allowed to describe some functional relations between Policy and Sustainability indicators. A benchmarking exercise has allowed to identify strategies and measures adopted by the best performers within each group, hence defining possible paths to a better sustainability level for the remaining cities. Finally, recommendations for a correct urban mobility planning procedures have been produce

Evaluation of post-license advanced driver training in Italy

Post-license advanced driver training addresses different categories of road users such as: novice drivers, professional drivers, company employers and recidivists. These training courses can be carried out on-track or on the road. On-track courses allow participants to gain knowledge on driving physics and experience limits in a safe road environment. On-road courses are more focused on hazard perception and situation awareness. Although extensive research has been done in this field, knowledge of the effects of these courses on road accident risk remains unclear. Previous evaluation of on-track courses did not always show a positive effect on crash rate. For example, post-license training focused on mastery of driving skills can lead to an increase of accident risk, especially on young males. However, research identified several factors that may enhance the effectiveness of driving training. In Europe a new framework for driver education and training has been proposed based on a safe driver hierarchical model (the GADGET model) and the development of a strategy for continuous learning. According to this framework, an evaluation study of on-track post-license advanced driver training has been undertaken in Italy with the main goal of assessing the safety effects of these courses and identifying training aspects to be improved. Besides crash rate, the study aims at assessing also driver behavior, knowledge of risks, self-evaluation and training quality. This paper presents the results of the possible effects of advanced driver training on driving behavior, considering in particular the number and type of violations. For each driver, data on age, gender and driving violations history were extracted from the platform and the national violations database. Three cases were addressed through a before-after analysis with control group. Case 1 considers all drivers who attended an ADT course. Case 2 aimed at understanding the effects of the courses on a specific target group: the traffic violators. Case 3 is similar to Case 2, however the control group was selected in a way that drivers characteristics and the violation rate was similar to the violation rate of the treatment group in the before period. The significance of the differences highlighted was assessed through appropriate statistical tests (i.e. paired t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test). The study showed in general a higher propensity to commit traffic violations after attending an ADT course. These results are in contrast to what expected and show the necessity to diversify the training classes according to the different needs of participant

\u3ci\u3eBlancanieves se despides de los siete enanos\u3c/i\u3e: Snow White Says Goodbye to the Seven Dwarfs

Original work by Leopoldo María Panero Así se fundó Carnaby Street, 1970 In Poesía Completa 1970-2000 Túa Blesa, Colección Visor de Poesía, 200

Data collection framework for understanding UFT within city logistics solutions

Urban Freight Transport (UFT) is a fundamental component of city life. It involves a vast range of activities resulting from relationships among different actors with conflicting needs and goals. Manufacturers are interested in fast and on-time deliveries, retailers require complete assortment and frequent deliveries, citizens wish to have easy access to goods while not losing their quality of life and City Authorities have to face negative externalities related to UFT (i.e. congestion, air and noise pollution, and safety). Concretely, few cities have a well-developed and comprehensive city logistics strategy because authorities generally focus their attention on passenger transport. When city logistics measures have been conceived and implemented, frequently private requirements have not been considered sufficiently. The European Commission includes the lack of data and understanding of freight flows among the main obstacles to the improvement of operational efficiency and planning process for a sustainable UFT in economic, social and environmental terms. Also, the research community raises the issue of the unavailability or the low quality of data on urban freight and the need to identify effective data collection methods in order to understand processes and actors' behavior and then define appropriate city logistics solutions. The NOVELOG EU project is providing city authorities and practitioners with a new framework aimed at systematizing all data to be collected, directly or indirectly, and to be elaborated in order to understand and represent the different aspects of the UFT sector. In order to achieve a complete knowledge, the framework approaches this sector according to four main thematic pillars: 1) profile of major supply chains served in the urban area under study; 2) mapping of urban freight and service trips activity; 3) organizational and legal framework; 4) procedural and technological methods and innovations. The present paper introduces the framework and the guidance it provides to its target audience

PENGARUH PENGELOLAAN BARANG MILIK DAERAH DAN SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN TERHADAP KUALITAS AKUNTABILITAS KEUANGAN (Studi Kasus pada SKPD Pemerintah Kabupaten Bandung)

Akuntabilitas keuangan menjadi isu sentral yang mendapat sorotan dari berbagai pihak. Salah satu indikator kualitas akuntabilitas keuangan dilihat dari opini auditor eksternal. Pemerintah daerah yang belum memperoleh opini wajar tanpa pengecualian disebabkan oleh faktor adanya kelemahan sistem pengendalian intern dan pengelolaan barang milik daerah yang belum tertata dengan tertib. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh pengelolaan barang milik daerah dan sistem pengendalian intern terhadap kualitas akuntabilitas keuangan di Pemerintah Kabupaten Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode analisis deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Satuan Perangkat Kerja Daerah (SKPD) di Pemerintah Kabupaten Bandung. Sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 38 responden dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda yang diolah dengan SPSS ver 20. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pengelolaan barang milik daerah berpengaruh positif tapi tidak signifikan terhadap kualitas akuntabilitas keuangan di Pemerintah Kabupaten Bandung; (2) sistem pengendalian intern berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas akuntabiltas keuangan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bandung; (3) pengelolaan barang milik daerah dan sistem pengendalian intern secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas akuntabilitas keuangan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bandung. Kata kunci : Pengelolaan Barang Milik Daerah, Sistem Pengendalian Intern, Kualitas Akuntabilitas Keuangan Financial accountability becomes a central issue that is highlights from various parties. One of the indicators of financial accountability seen from the external auditor’s opinion. Local Governments who have not obtained an unqualified opinion caused by a weakness of internal control system and local assets management which has not been orderly. The objective of this study is to know the influence of Local Assets Management and Internal Control System towards Quality of Financial Accountability in Bandung District Government. The research method used is descriptive analysis. Population in this study were all regional working units device in Bandung District Government. Sample obtained were 38 respondents used simple random sampling. The analysis method used is multiple regression analysis. The results of this research are: (1) there is possitive influence but not significant between local assets management and quality of financial accountability in Bandung District Government; (2) there is possitive and significant influence between internal control system and quality of financial accountability in Bandung District Government; (3) simultaneously local assets management and internal control system are possitive and significant influence toward quality of financial accountability. Keywords : Local Assets Management, Internal Control System and Quality of Financial Accountabilit