417 research outputs found
Double exchange magnets: Spin-dynamics in the paramagnetic phase
The electronic structure of perovskite manganese oxides is investigated in
terms of a Kondo lattice model with ferromagnetic Hund coupling and
antiferromagnetic exchange between -spins using a finite temperature
diagonalization technique. Results for the dynamic structure factor are
consistent with recent neutron scattering experiments for the bilayer manganite
LaSrMnO . The susceptibility shows Curie-Weiss
behaviour and is used to derive a phase diagram. In the paramagnetic phase
carriers are characterized as ferromagnetic polarons in an antiferromagnetic
spin liquid.Comment: Revtex, 4 pages with 5 postscript figures include
Relation between crystal and magnetic structures of the layered manganites La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7 (0.30 =< x =< 0.50)
Comprehensive neutron-powder diffraction and Rietveld analyses were carried
out to clarify the relation between the crystal and magnetic structures of
La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7 (0.30 =< x =< 0.50). The Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion of Mn-O6
octahedra, i.e., the ratio of the averaged apical Mn-O bond length to the
equatorial Mn-O bond length, is Delta_JT=1.042(5) at x=0.30, where the magnetic
easy-axis at low temperature is parallel to the c axis. As the JT distortion
becomes suppressed with increasing x, a planar ferromagnetic structure appears
at x =< 0.32, which is followed by a canted antiferromagnetic (AFM) structure
at x =< 0.39. The canting angle between neighboring planes continuously
increases from 0 deg (planar ferromagnet: 0.32 =< x < 0.39) to 180 deg (A-type
AFM: x=0.48 where Delta_JT=1.013(5)). Dominance of the A-type AF structure with
decrease of JT distortion can be ascribed to the change in the eg orbital state
from d3z^2-r^2 to dx^2-y^2
Global and regional effects of the photochemistry of CH_3O_2NO_2: evidence from ARCTAS
Using measurements from the NASA Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) experiment, we show that methyl peroxy nitrate (CH_3O_2NO_2) is present in concentrations of ~5–15 pptv in the springtime arctic upper troposphere. We investigate the regional and global effects of CH_3O_2NO_2 by including its chemistry in the GEOS-Chem 3-D global chemical transport model. We find that at temperatures below 240 K inclusion of CH_3O_2NO_2 chemistry results in decreases of up to ~20 % in NO_x, ~20 % in N_2O_5, ~5 % in HNO3, ~2 % in ozone, and increases in methyl hydrogen peroxide of up to ~14 %. Larger changes are observed in biomass burning plumes lofted to high altitude. Additionally, by sequestering NO_x at low temperatures, CH_3O_2NO_2 decreases the cycling of HO_2 to OH, resulting in a larger upper tropospheric HO_2 to OH ratio. These results may impact some estimates of lightning NO_x sources as well as help explain differences between models and measurements of upper tropospheric composition
Survey and Digital Documentation of Endangered Temple Wall Paintings in Shanxi Province, China
Shanxi Province is at the heart of China, and home to some of its richest architectural heritage. Covering an area of 156,000 square kilometres the Province is larger than England and Wales combined. Many earthen and timber buildings and temples contain wall paintings, witnessing Chinese folk religion, Buddhist and Daoist beliefs. Scattered over a large geographic area these remote village temples present a fairyland of Chinese traditional folklore. Many of these sites are endangered, and most are unrecorded.
Funded by Arcadia, a charitable trust fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin, the Shanxi Digital Documentation of Endangered Temple Wall Painting Project (SDDP) is a four-year programme (2018–2021) aimed at recording these historic temples and wall paintings using high-resolution photographic and three-dimensional photogrammetric techniques, and also including selective capture of multi-spectral imagery. These records will form an open-access digital archive of temple paintings and associated architecture, structured by a Chinese-English bilingual database.
The SDDP is a partnership between Zhejiang University, Shanxi Institute of Architecture Conservation and University College London (represented by two research centres within the Institute of Archaeology: the International Centre for Chinese Heritage and Archaeology and the Centre for Applied Archaeology). The programme of survey and research is guided by the Shanxi Provincial Bureau of Cultural Heritage (SBCH) and an international advisory board
The production and persistence of ΣRONO2 in the Mexico City plume
Alkyl and multifunctional nitrates (RONO2, ΣANs) have been observed to be a significant fraction of NOy in a number of different chemical regimes. Their formation is an important free radical chain termination step ending production of ozone and possibly affecting formation of secondary organic aerosol. ΣANs also represent a potentially large, unmeasured contribution to OH reactivity and are a major pathway for the removal of nitrogen oxides from the atmosphere. Numerous studies have investigated the role of nitrate formation from biogenic compounds and in the remote atmosphere. Less attention has been paid to the role ΣANs may play in the complex mixtures of hydrocarbons typical of urban settings. Measurements of total alkyl and multifunctional nitrates, NO2, total peroxy nitrates (ΣPNs), HNO3 and a representative suite of hydrocarbons were obtained from the NASA DC-8 aircraft during spring of 2006 in and around Mexico City and the Gulf of Mexico. ΣANs were observed to be 10–20% of NOy in the Mexico City plume and to increase in importance with increased photochemical age. We describe three conclusions: (1) Correlations of ΣANs with odd-oxygen (Ox) indicate a stronger role for ΣANs in the photochemistry of Mexico City than is expected based on currently accepted photochemical mechanisms, (2) ΣAN formation suppresses peak ozone production rates by as much as 40% in the near-field of Mexico City and (3) ΣANs play a significant role in the export of NOy from Mexico City to the Gulf Region
The Skyrme model predictions for the mass spectrum and the - mass splittings
The -plet mass spectrum and the - mass splittings are computed in the framework of the minimal SU(3)
extended Skyrme model. As functions of the Skyrme charge and the SU(3)
symmetry breaking parameters the predictions are presented in tabular form. The
predicted mass splitting - is the smallest among
all SU(3) baryonic multiplets.Comment: 4 pages, 2 tables, version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Optical Studies of a Layered Manganite La_{1.2}Sr_{1.8}Mn_2O_7 : Polaron Correlation Effect
Optical conductivity spectra of a cleaved ab-plane of a
La_{1.2}Sr_{1.8}Mn_2O_7 single crystal exhibit a small polaron absorption band
in the mid-infrared region at overall temperatures. With decreasing temperature
(T) to Curie temperature (T_C), the center frequency of the small polaron band
moves to a higher frequency, resulting in a gap-like feature, and that it
collapses to a lower frequency below T_C. Interestingly, with decreasing T, the
stretching phonon mode hardens above T_C and softens below T_C. These
concurring changes of lattice and electronic structure indicate that short
range polaron correlation exist above T_C but disappear with a magnetic
ordering.Comment: 4 pages including 5 figures. submitted to Phys. Rev.
Doping dependence of the exchange energies in bilayer manganites: Role of orbital degrees of freedom
Recently, an intriguing doping dependence of the exchange energies in the
bilayer manganites has been observed in the neutron
scattering experiments. The intra-layer exchange only weakly changed with
doping while the inter-layer one drastically decreased. Here we propose a
theory which accounts for these experimental findings. We argue, that the
observed striking doping dependence of the exchange energies can be attributed
to the evaluation of the orbital level splitting with doping. The latter is
handled by the interplay between Jahn-Teller effect (supporting an axial
orbital) and the orbital anisotropy of the electronic band in the bilayer
structure (promoting an in-plane orbital), which is monitored by the Coulomb
repulsion. The presented theory, while being a mean-field type, describes well
the experimental data and also gives the estimates of the several interesting
energy scales involved in the problem.Comment: Added references, corrected typos. To appear in Phys. Rev.
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