L'utilisation du cadrage des conséquences au sein des messages de sante publique : bilan et perspectives pour la recherche en marketing

L'objectif de cette communication est de proposer une synthèse des travaux majeurs portant sur la problématique du cadrage des conséquences dans les communications de santé publique. Le concept d'effet de cadrage « framing effect » (Tversky et Kahneman, 1981 ; 1986) en raison de son rôle possible dans l'efficacité des communications préventives et assimilées a fait l'objet de plusieurs études en psychologie et quelques unes en marketing. En utilisant pour cadre de référence le postulat de la théorie des perspectives, Rothman et Salovey (1997) proposent que la formalisation verbale d'un message de santé assorti d'une recommandation suggérant un comportement peut être à l'origine de l'efficacité plus ou moins grande de cette communication. Il semble donc judicieux de s'intéresser à la problématique de « l'effet de cadrage » appliqué aux campagnes de communication de santé publique, afin, d'une part, de faire la synthèse des travaux majeurs sur le sujet et, d'autre part, de confronter certaines informations issues de la littérature de manière à identifier et éclairer quelques confusions ou ambiguïtés existantes mais aussi, pour proposer des voies de recherches futurescadrage ; conséquences ; messages ; sante publique ; bilan et perspectives ; recherche en marketing

Simultaneous multi-band detection of Low Surface Brightness galaxies with Markovian modelling

We present an algorithm for the detection of Low Surface Brightness (LSB) galaxies in images, called MARSIAA (MARkovian Software for Image Analysis in Astronomy), which is based on multi-scale Markovian modeling. MARSIAA can be applied simultaneously to different bands. It segments an image into a user-defined number of classes, according to their surface brightness and surroundings - typically, one or two classes contain the LSB structures. We have developed an algorithm, called DetectLSB, which allows the efficient identification of LSB galaxies from among the candidate sources selected by MARSIAA. To assess the robustness of our method, the method was applied to a set of 18 B and I band images (covering 1.3 square degrees in total) of the Virgo cluster. To further assess the completeness of the results of our method, both MARSIAA, SExtractor, and DetectLSB were applied to search for (i) mock Virgo LSB galaxies inserted into a set of deep Next Generation Virgo Survey (NGVS) gri-band subimages and (ii) Virgo LSB galaxies identified by eye in a full set of NGVS square degree gri images. MARSIAA/DetectLSB recovered ~20% more mock LSB galaxies and ~40% more LSB galaxies identified by eye than SExtractor/DetectLSB. With a 90% fraction of false positives from an entirely unsupervised pipeline, a completeness of 90% is reached for sources with r_e > 3" at a mean surface brightness level of mu_g=27.7 mag/arcsec^2 and a central surface brightness of mu^0 g=26.7 mag/arcsec^2. About 10% of the false positives are artifacts, the rest being background galaxies. We have found our method to be complementary to the application of matched filters and an optimized use of SExtractor, and to have the following advantages: it is scale-free, can be applied simultaneously to several bands, and is well adapted for crowded regions on the sky.Comment: 39 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in A

The thermoregulatory and thermal responses of individuals with a spinal cord injury during exercise, acclimation and by using cooling strategies-A systematic review

In individuals with a spinal cord injury thermoregulatory mechanisms are fully or partially interrupted. This could lead to exercise-induced hyperthermia in temperate conditions which can be even more distinct in hot conditions. Hyperthermia has been suggested to impair physiological mechanisms in athletes, which could negatively influence physical performance and subjective well-being or cause mild to severe health issues. The aim was to evaluate the literature on the thermoregulatory and thermal responses of individuals with a spinal cord injury during exercise in temperate and hot conditions taking the effects of cooling techniques and heat acclimation into account. Two electronic databases, PubMed and Web of Science were searched. Studies were eligible if they observed the influence of exercise on various thermoregulatory parameters (e.g., core and skin temperature, sweat rate, thermal sensation) in individuals with a spinal cord injury. In total 32 articles were included of which 26 were of strong, 3 of moderate and 3 of weak quality. Individuals with a high lesion level, especially those with a tetraplegia, reached a higher core and skin temperature with a lower sweat rate. The use of cooling techniques before and during exercise can positively affect the burden of the impaired thermoregulatory system in all individuals with a spinal cord injury. Due to the absence of normal thermoregulatory abilities, individuals with a high-level spinal cord injury need special attention when they are exercising in temperate and hot conditions to prevent them from potential heat related issues. The use of cooling techniques can reduce this risk. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2021 Grossmann, Flueck, Perret, Meeusen and Roelands.

Dual formulation of classical W-algebras

By extending the concept of \mc, I introduce a dual formulation of (classical) nonlinear extensions of the \vir\ algebra. This dual formulation is closely related to three dimensional actions which are analogous to a \cs\ action. I present an explicit construction in terms of superfields of the $N=2$ super \wfour.Comment: (only change is an added reference), 9 pages, USC--92/01

Radiative damping: a case study

We are interested in the motion of a classical charge coupled to the Maxwell self-field and subject to a uniform external magnetic field, B. This is a physically relevant, but difficult dynamical problem, to which contributions range over more than one hundred years. Specifically, we will study the Sommerfeld-Page approximation which assumes an extended charge distribution at small velocities. The memory equation is then linear and many details become available. We discuss how the friction equation arises in the limit of "small" B and contrast this result with the standard Taylor expansion resulting in a second order equation for the velocity of the charge.Comment: 4 figure

MASSIV: Mass Assembly Survey with SINFONI in VVDS. VI. Metallicity-related fundamental relations in star-forming galaxies at 1<z<21 < z < 2

The MASSIV (Mass Assembly Survey with SINFONI in VVDS) project aims at finding constraints on the different processes involved in galaxy evolution. This study proposes to improve the understanding of the galaxy mass assembly through chemical evolution using the metallicity as a tracer of the star formation and interaction history. Methods. We analyse the full sample of MASSIV galaxies for which a metallicity estimate has been possible, that is 48 star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 0.9-1.8$, and compute the integrated values of some fundamental parameters, such as the stellar mass, the metallicity and the star formation rate (SFR). The sample of star-forming galaxies at similar redshift from zCOSMOS (P\'erez-Montero et al. 2013) is also combined with the MASSIV sample. We study the cosmic evolution of the mass-metallicty relation (MZR) together with the effect of close environment and galaxy kinematics on this relation. We then focus on the so-called fundamental metallicity relation (FMR) proposed by Mannucci et al. (2010) and other relations between stellar mass, SFR and metallicity as studied by Lara-L\'opez et al. (2010). We investigate if these relations are really fundamental, i.e. if they do not evolve with redshift. Results. The MASSIV galaxies follow the expected mass-metallicity relation for their median redshift. We find however a significant difference between isolated and interacting galaxies as found for local galaxies: interacting galaxies tend to have a lower metallicity. The study of the relation between stellar mass, SFR and metallicity gives such large scattering for our sample, even combined with zCOSMOS, that it is diffcult to confirm or deny the existence of a fundamental relation

Small-Angle X-ray and neutron scattering from diamond single crystals

Results of Small-Angle Scattering study of diamonds with various types of point and extended defects and different degrees of annealing are presented. It is shown that thermal annealing and/or mechanical deformation cause formation of nanosized planar and threedimensional defects giving rise to Small-Angle Scattering. The defects are often facetted by crystallographic planes 111, 100, 110, 311, 211 common for diamond. The scattering defects likely consist of clusters of intrinsic and impurity-related defects; boundaries of mechanical twins also contribute to the SAS signal. There is no clear correlation between concentration of nitrogen impurity and intensity of the scattering.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures; presented at SANS-YuMO User Meeting 2011, Dubna, Russi