Reconstruction of a piecewise constant conductivity on a polygonal partition via shape optimization in EIT

In this paper, we develop a shape optimization-based algorithm for the electrical impedance tomography (EIT) problem of determining a piecewise constant conductivity on a polygonal partition from boundary measurements. The key tool is to use a distributed shape derivative of a suitable cost functional with respect to movements of the partition. Numerical simulations showing the robustness and accuracy of the method are presented for simulated test cases in two dimensions

Wavelet-Fourier CORSING techniques for multi-dimensional advection-diffusion-reaction equations

We present and analyze a novel wavelet-Fourier technique for the numerical treatment of multidimensional advection-diffusion-reaction equations based on the CORSING (COmpRessed SolvING) paradigm. Combining the Petrov-Galerkin technique with the compressed sensing approach, the proposed method is able to approximate the largest coefficients of the solution with respect to a biorthogonal wavelet basis. Namely, we assemble a compressed discretization based on randomized subsampling of the Fourier test space and we employ sparse recovery techniques to approximate the solution to the PDE. In this paper, we provide the first rigorous recovery error bounds and effective recipes for the implementation of the CORSING technique in the multi-dimensional setting. Our theoretical analysis relies on new estimates for the local a-coherence, which measures interferences between wavelet and Fourier basis functions with respect to the metric induced by the PDE operator. The stability and robustness of the proposed scheme is shown by numerical illustrations in the one-, two-, and three-dimensional case

On chip optical sensing

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Measuring plant complexity in food supply chain

openbiblioteca DT

Selectivity in Fiscal Aids: Recent Developments

The notion of fiscal aid is becoming crucial in determining the relationship between supra-national integration and national tax sovereignty; the selectivity criterion is often key in the assessment of compatibility of fiscal measures with Article 107(1) TFEU. Therefore, the notion of selectivity as defined by the recent case-law of the CJEU and decision-making practice of the Commission is fundamental in order to understand the actual allocation of powers in direct taxation matters. Against this backdrop, the aim of the present article is to establish what the current notion of selectivity is in fiscal aids, assessing whether the approach used by the CJEU and the Commission share common patterns, and evaluating the impact of such interpretation on the division of competences within the EU. In particular, this article offers a critical reading of the recent European Commission v. World Duty Free case and of the so-called Tax Rulings Decisions.La notion d’aide fiscal est en train de devenir cruciale dans la détermination des relations entre l’intégration supranationale et la souveraineté fiscale nationale. Le critère de la sélectivité joue souvent un rôle fondamental dans la détermination de la compatibilité des mesures fiscales avec l’article 107 (1) TFUE. Par conséquent, la notion de sélectivité, comme déterminée par la récent jurisprudence de la CJUE et la pratique décisionnel de la Commission, est fondamentale pour comprendre la répartition des pouvoirs en matière de taxation directe. Dans ce contexte, le but du présent article est d’établir quelle est la notion actuelle de sélectivité dans les aides fiscale, en évaluant si les approches utilisées par la CJUE et la Commission partagent un modèle commun et l’impact de cette interprétation sur la répartition des compétences au sein de l’UE. En particulier, cet article offre une lecture critique du récent arrêt Commission européenne c. World Duty Free et des soidisant «Tax Rulings»

Europe 2020 and lifelong learning

Lifelong Learning is part of the Europe 2020 strategy of the European Union. Despite the financial and budgetary pressures as well as the bleak employment forecasts in the member states of the European Union, it is essential and urgent to strengthen Lifelong Learning, education and training. The European Union is ready to help its member states to pursue this ambitious goalEl aprendizaje permanente forma parte de la estrategia Europa 2020 de la Unión Europea. A pesar de las presiones financieras y presupuestarias, así como de las sombrías previsiones de empleo en los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea, es esencial y urgente reforzar el Aprendizaje Permanente, la educación y la formación. La Unión Europea está dispuesta a ayudar a sus Estados miembros a perseguir este ambicioso objetiv

Reconstruction of the cosmic microwave background lensing for Planck

Aims. We prepare real-life cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing extraction with the forthcoming Planck satellite data by studying two systematic effects related to the foreground contamination: the impact of foreground residuals after a component separation on the lensed CMB map, and the impact of removing a large contaminated region of the sky. Methods. We first use the generalized morphological component analysis (GMCA) method to perform a component separation within a simplified framework, which allows a high statistics Monte-Carlo study. For the second systematic, we apply a realistic mask on the temperature maps and then restore them with a recently developed inpainting technique on the sphere. We investigate the reconstruction of the CMB lensing from the resultant maps using a quadratic estimator in the flat sky limit and on the full sphere. Results. We find that the foreground residuals from the GMCA method does not significantly alter the lensed signal, which is also true for the mask corrected with the inpainting method, even in the presence of point source residuals