Transformations de spécifications incluant du contrôle en spécification flot de données pour implantation distribuée

International audienceParce qu'un systèmes temps réel combine fonctionnalités de contrôle et traitement de données, il est souvent spécifié à l'aide de plusieurs langages adaptés à ces deux aspects. La plupart de ces systèmes étant aujourd'hui distribués le problème est ensuite d'obtenir une implantation de ces spécifications distinctes. En effet une distribution de ces spécifications par production séparée de code ne permet pas d'obtenir une implantation cohérente. Nous proposons donc d'unifier toutes les spécifications en une seule. Cette unification conduit à un graphe flot de données conditionné qui explicite le parallélisme potentiel nécessaire à une exploitation efficace des ressources distribuées. Enfin on utilise le logiciel SynDEx pour obtenir automatiquement une implantation distribuée et cohérente à partir de la spécification obtenue. ABSTRACT. Because a real-time system combines control and data processing designers specify it using different languages. Such systems are often distributed and the problem is to obtain a distributed implementation from these distinct specifications. Indeed, the method based on separated code generation and manual distribution leads to incoherent implementation. We propose to unify all these specifications into a unique one. The resulting specification is a conditioned data flow graph which exhibits the potential parallelism necessary to an efficient use of distributed resources. Finally, we use the SynDEx software in order to automatically produce a distributed and coherent implementation from the resulting specification

Spatialiser la transition énergétique: Vers la production d'"écosystèmes énergétiques territoriaux" en milieu ruralRapport intermédiaireOctobre 2014

Cette recherche vise à interroger la « cohérence spatiale » des logiques de substitution énergétique à l’œuvre en France. On part du constat que les innovations dans ce domaine sont le plus souvent appréhendées dans une logique techniciste, se traduisant en terme d’aménagement par une banalisation et une uniformisation du territoire et des paysages. Dans ce contexte la transition énergétique représente un enjeu spatial de premier ordre devant être saisi dans toute sa complexité, par les diverses échelles d’aménagement qu'elle touche : architecturale, urbaine et paysagère. A cet égard, ce débat doit être impérativement relayé par une réflexion critique sur les logiques d'innovation en cours, en vue d'élaborer d'autres concepts et approches, pour qualifier cette transition et l'aborder en termes de projet. Les territoires ruraux de faible densité à dominante agricole et forestière constituent notre terrain d'étude privilégié. On est parti de l’hypothèse que ces territoires représentent un enjeu de projet stratégique, tant par leurs évolutions démographiques et économiques, que par leur potentiel de production énergétique lié à leurs ressources naturelles. Prenant en compte ces caractéristiques, un des objectifs clefs de cette recherche sera d'identifier à l'échelle locale le nouveau substrat énergétique, mettant à profit la puissance des quatre éléments propres aux énergies renouvelables - énergie chimique contenue dans la biomasse ; énergie mécanique de l'eau ou du vent ; énergie thermique de l'eau chaude du sous-sol ou du rayonnement solaire. Autrement dit, il sera question de préfigurer une nouvelle « économie de l'habiter » en milieu rural, liée à la mise en place de ce nouveau substrat technique et énergétique. Dans cette optique deux concepts fédérateurs sont élaborés de manière hypothétique à cette étape de notre travail : - celui d'« écosystème énergétique territorial », permettant de croiser les « échelles énergétiques » et de travailler autant au stade de « l'énergie finale » (les outils et les infrastructures influant sur la dépense d'énergie), qu'au stade de « l'énergie primaire » (les formes sous lesquelles la nature livre l'énergie)- celui de « plan local d'énergie et de paysage », permettant d'identifier les implications à l'échelle architecturale et territoriale, de ce nouveau substrat énergétique, à moyen et à long termes. Méthodologie de recherche : Cette réponse élaborée conjointement avec des enseignants-chercheurs de l’ENSAG et du réseau ERPS vise à poursuivre une méthode de recherche spécifique explorée précédemment fondée sur l'interdisciplinarité : la recherche par le projet. Selon cette méthode, le projet joue un double rôle : heuristique et expérimental. La dimension heuristique, développée dans la première phase de la recherche consiste à faire émerger par le projet, dans le cadre des ateliers de Master, des questions architecturales et territoriales stratégiques par rapport à nos objectifs de recherche. Traitées d'un point de vue scientifique, ces questions permettront de formuler des hypothèses qui seront livrées aux concepteurs et testées dans le second temps de projet, la phase expérimentale. Le matériel produit à l’issue de ces phases de projet sera ensuite analysé par l’équipe afin de dégager des résultats discutés dans le cadre élargi d’un séminaire international. Au travers de ces travaux en atelier, il s’agit de produire des connaissances spécifiques, susceptibles renouveler nos pratiques d'aménagement vers la construction d'une nouvelle alliance homme/territoire basée sur une redéfinition de notre rapport à l'énergie et à ses modes de production. En somme, de la recherche par l’action et pour l’action. Sa mise en application repose sur une dynamique de travail interdisciplinaire combinant activité scientifique, activité pédagogique et activité de mise en œuvre d'un projet expérimental, à partir du territoire de la commune d'Ambert située dans le Parc naturel régional du Livradois-Forez

Scheduling Real-time HiL Co-simulation of Cyber-Physical Systems on Multi-core Architectures

International audienceWhen designing complex cyber-physical systems, engineers have to integrate numerical models from different modeling environments in order to simulate the whole system and estimate its global performances. Co-simulation refers to such joint simulation of heterogeneous models. If some parts of the system are physically available, it is possible to connect these parts to the co-simulation in a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) approach. In this case, the simulation has to be performed in real-time where models execution consists in periodically reacting to the real (physically available) components and providing periodic output updates. This paper deals with the parallelization and scheduling of real-time Hardware-in-the-Loop co-simulation of numerical models on multi-core architectures. A method for defining real-time constraints that have to be met is proposed. Also, an ILP formulation as well as a heuristic are proposed to solve the problem of scheduling the co-simulation on a multi-core architecture while satisfying the previously defined real-time constraints. The proposed approach is evaluated for different sizes of co-simulations and multi-core processors

Automatic parallelization of multi-rate fmi-based co-simulation on multi-core

International audienceCo-simulation refers to simulating a complex system using several coupled numerical models. Engineersdefine the rate of data exchange between the models by setting communication steps. FMI is a standardizedinterface which easily allows coupling and co-simulation of numerical models. The RCOSIM approachallows the parallelization on multi-core processors of co-simulations using the FMI standard. In this paper,we tackle the limitations of this approach. First, we extend the co-simulation to multi-rate, i.e. with differentcommunication steps. We present graph transformation rules and an algorithm that allow the execution ofeach model at its respective rate while ensuring correct data exchange between models. Second, we presentan acyclic orientation heuristic for handling mutual exclusion constraints between operations that belong tothe same model due to the non-thread-safe implementation of FMI. We evaluate the obtained speedup on amulti-core processor and the effect on the accuracy of the numerical results

Acceleration of FMU Co-Simulation On Multi-core Architectures

International audienceThe design of cyber-physical systems is a complex process and relies on the simulation of the system behavior before its deployment. Co-simulation allows system designers to simulate a whole system composed of a number of interconnected subsystems. Traditionally, these models are modeled by experts of different fields using different tools, and then integrated into one environment to perform simulation at the system-level. This results in complex and heavy co-simulations and requires adequate solutions and tools in order to reduce the execution time. Unfortunately, most modeling tools perform only mono-core simulations and do not take advantage of the omnipresent multi-core processors. This paper addresses the problem of efficient parallelization of co-simulations. It presents a multi-core scheduling heuris-tic for parallelizing FMI-compliant models on multi-core processors. The limitations of this heuristic are highlighted and two solutions for dealing with them are presented. The obtained speed-up using each of these solutions is illustrated and discussed for further improvements

Acral Acquired Cutis Laxa Associated with IgA Multiple Myeloma, Joint Hyper laxity and Urticarial Neutrophilic Dermatosis

Peer reviewe

Mutations in DNAH1, which encodes an inner arm heavy chain dynein, lead to male infertility from multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella.

International audienceTen to fifteen percent of couples are confronted with infertility and a male factor is involved in approximately half the cases. A genetic etiology is likely in most cases yet only few genes have been formally correlated with male infertility. Homozygosity mapping was carried out on a cohort of 20 North African individuals, including 18 index cases, presenting with primary infertility resulting from impaired sperm motility caused by a mosaic of multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF) including absent, short, coiled, bent, and irregular flagella. Five unrelated subjects out of 18 (28%) carried a homozygous variant in DNAH1, which encodes an inner dynein heavy chain and is expressed in testis. RT-PCR, immunostaining, and electronic microscopy were carried out on samples from one of the subjects with a mutation located on a donor splice site. Neither the transcript nor the protein was observed in this individual, confirming the pathogenicity of this variant. A general axonemal disorganization including mislocalization of the microtubule doublets and loss of the inner dynein arms was observed. Although DNAH1 is also expressed in other ciliated cells, infertility was the only symptom of primary ciliary dyskinesia observed in affected subjects, suggesting that DNAH1 function in cilium is not as critical as in sperm flagellum

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

Background: We previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15–20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in ~ 80% of cases. Methods: We report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded. Results: No gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5–528.7, P = 1.1 × 10−4) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR = 3.70[95%CI 1.3–8.2], P = 2.1 × 10−4). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR = 19.65[95%CI 2.1–2635.4], P = 3.4 × 10−3), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR = 4.40[9%CI 2.3–8.4], P = 7.7 × 10−8). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD] = 43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P = 1.68 × 10−5). Conclusions: Rare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old

The Open Brain Consent: Informing research participants and obtaining consent to share brain imaging data

Having the means to share research data openly is essential to modern science. For human research, a key aspect in this endeavor is obtaining consent from participants, not just to take part in a study, which is a basic ethical principle, but also to share their data with the scientific community. To ensure that the participants' privacy is respected, national and/or supranational regulations and laws are in place. It is, however, not always clear to researchers what the implications of those are, nor how to comply with them. The Open Brain Consent (https://open-brain-consent.readthedocs.io) is an international initiative that aims to provide researchers in the brain imaging community with information about data sharing options and tools. We present here a short history of this project and its latest developments, and share pointers to consent forms, including a template consent form that is compliant with the EU general data protection regulation. We also share pointers to an associated data user agreement that is not only useful in the EU context, but also for any researchers dealing with personal (clinical) data elsewhere