1,218 research outputs found
Effect of electron-phonon interaction on the shift and attenuation of optical phonons
Using the Boltzmann equation for electrons in metals, we show that the
optical phonons soften and have a dispersion due to screening in agreement with
the results reported recently [M. Reizer, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 61}, 40 (2000)].
Additional phonon damping and frequency shift arise when the electron--phonon
interaction is properly included.Comment: 4 pages, late
An output-sensitive algorithm for the minimization of 2-dimensional String Covers
String covers are a powerful tool for analyzing the quasi-periodicity of
1-dimensional data and find applications in automata theory, computational
biology, coding and the analysis of transactional data. A \emph{cover} of a
string is a string for which every letter of lies within some
occurrence of . String covers have been generalized in many ways, leading to
\emph{k-covers}, \emph{-covers}, \emph{approximate covers} and were
studied in different contexts such as \emph{indeterminate strings}.
In this paper we generalize string covers to the context of 2-dimensional
data, such as images. We show how they can be used for the extraction of
textures from images and identification of primitive cells in lattice data.
This has interesting applications in image compression, procedural terrain
generation and crystallography
High Speed Visible Light Communication Using Blue GaN Laser Diodes
GaN-based laser diodes have been developed over the last 20 years making them desirable for many security and defence applications, in particular, free space laser communications. Unlike their LED counterparts, laser diodes are not limited by their carrier lifetime which makes them attractive for high speed communication, whether in free space, through fiber or underwater. Gigabit data transmission can be achieved in free space by modulating the visible light from the laser with a pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS), with recent results approaching 5 Gbit/s error free data transmission. By exploiting the low-loss in the blue part of the spectrum through water, data transmission experiments have also been conducted to show rates of 2.5 Gbit/s underwater. Different water types have been tested to monitor the effect of scattering and to see how this affects the overall transmission rate and distance. This is of great interest for communication with unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV) as the current method using acoustics is much slower and vulnerable to interception. These types of laser diodes can typically reach 50-100 mW of power which increases the length at which the data can be transmitted. This distance could be further improved by making use of high power laser arrays. Highly uniform GaN substrates with low defectivity allow individually addressable laser bars to be fabricated. This could ultimately increase optical power levels to 4 W for a 20-emitter array. Overall, the development of GaN laser diodes will play an important part in free space optical communications and will be vital in the advancement of security and defence applications
Composite Polarons in Ferromagnetic Narrow-band Metallic Manganese Oxides
A new mechanism is proposed to explain the colossal magnetoresistance and
related phenomena. Moving electrons accompanied by Jahn-Teller phonon and
spin-wave clouds may form composite polarons in ferromagnetic narrow-band
manganites. The ground-state and finite-temperature properties of such
composite polarons are studied in the present paper. By using a variational
method, it is shown that the energy of the system at zero temperature decreases
with the formation of composite polaron; the energy spectrum and effective mass
of the composite polaron at finite temperature is found to be strongly
renormalized by the temperature and the magnetic field. It is suggested that
the composite polaron contribute significantly to the transport and the
thermodynamic properties in ferromagnetic narrow-band metallic manganese
oxides.Comment: Latex, no figur
Microscopic modelling of doped manganites
Colossal magneto-resistance manganites are characterised by a complex
interplay of charge, spin, orbital and lattice degrees of freedom. Formulating
microscopic models for these compounds aims at meeting to conflicting
objectives: sufficient simplification without excessive restrictions on the
phase space. We give a detailed introduction to the electronic structure of
manganites and derive a microscopic model for their low energy physics.
Focussing on short range electron-lattice and spin-orbital correlations we
supplement the modelling with numerical simulations.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figs, accepted for publ. in New J. Phys., Focus issue on
Orbital Physic
Real-time Image Generation for Compressive Light Field Displays
With the invention of integral imaging and parallax barriers in the beginning of the 20th century, glasses-free 3D displays have become feasible. Only today—more than a century later—glasses-free 3D displays are finally emerging in the consumer market. The technologies being employed in current-generation devices, however, are fundamentally the same as what was invented 100 years ago. With rapid advances in optical fabrication, digital processing power, and computational perception, a new generation of display technology is emerging: compressive displays exploring the co-design of optical elements and computational processing while taking particular characteristics of the human visual system into account. In this paper, we discuss real-time implementation strategies for emerging compressive light field displays. We consider displays composed of multiple stacked layers of light-attenuating or polarization-rotating layers, such as LCDs. The involved image generation requires iterative tomographic image synthesis. We demonstrate that, for the case of light field display, computed tomographic light field synthesis maps well to operations included in the standard graphics pipeline, facilitating efficient GPU-based implementations with real-time framerates.United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Soldier Centric Imaging via Computational CamerasNational Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant IIS-1116452)United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Maximally scalable Optical Sensor Array Imaging with Computation ProgramAlfred P. Sloan Foundation (Research Fellowship)United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Young Faculty Award
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Enhanced turbulence due to the superposition of internal gravity waves and a coastal upwelling jet
The upwelling-driven coastal jet off Oregon is in geostrophic balance to first order.
The accompanying thermal wind shear is stable to shear instability. Yet enhanced
turbulence is observed in the upwelling jet, typically as long, thin patches with horizontal
to vertical aspect ratios of 10² to 10³ (median value ~300). These patches are clearly
defined by regions of low Richardson number and occur where and when the linear
superposition of the three dominant shear constituents (near-inertial, Mâ‚‚, and thermal
wind) interferes constructively. This is most pronounced at the base of the coastal jet,
where the thermal wind shear is largest. While the effect of the turbulence stress
divergence on the jet is small compared to geostrophy (~1%), it is significant in the
second-order force balance governing secondary circulation. The timescale associated
with the decay of the thermal wind shear via turbulence stress is O(10) days. We confirm
that the vertical salt flux due to mixing is comparable to the net Ekman transport of salt
onto the shelf within the bottom boundary layer. Because numerical models of coastal
circulation lack turbulence in midwater column, any vertical transport of scalars, including
salt and heat, must be achieved inshore of the 40-m isobath. This is inconsistent with
the observations presented in this study, in which significant vertical turbulent salt
transport is found to exist across the entire shelf.Keywords: turbulence, internal gravity wave
Competency mapping framework for regulating professionally oriented degree programmes in higher education
Recognition of the huge variation between professional graduate degree programmes and employer requirements, especially in the construction industry, necessitated a need for assessing and developing competencies that aligned with professionally oriented programmes. The purpose of this research is to develop a competency mapping framework (CMF) in this case for quantity surveying honours degree programmes. The graduate competency threshold benchmark (GCTB) is a key component of the CMF. Therefore, the CMF contains the mapping process, the template documents and the benchmark. The research adopted literature review, pilot study, case studies (including semi-structured interviews) and expert forum in developing the framework. The framework developed in this research provides new insight into how degree programmes map against competencies. Thus, the framework can be applied more widely, to other professional degree programmes, for monitoring and improving the quality and professional standards of construction degree programmes by accrediting bodies. This should connect construction graduates more effectively to the industry
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