Marcus Clarke: Confronting Spectacle with Spectacle in For the Term of His Natural Life

While Marcus Clarke’s For the Term of His Natural Life is unquestionably a valuable contribution to Australian literature, his journalism career also deserves equal attention, particularly as an influential antecedent to the creation of his seminal text not only on a technical basis as John Conley details in “Marcus Clarke: The Romance of Reality”, but also as a social platform. In “Marcus Clarke and the Society of the Spectacle: Reflections on Writing and Commodity Capitalism in Nineteenth-Century Melbourne,” Andrew McCann demonstrates how the “Peripatetic Philosopher”— one of Clarke’s more successful journalistic endeavors—and other selections reveal Clarke’s critique of the colonial Melbourne society and it’s fascination with the spectacle, which Clarke both caters to and critiques in his novel. One of McCann’s points focuses on how the public’s “lust for blood” correlates with urban boredom—a concept that’s mirrored through a relationship between the tedious size of the novel and it’s escalation of the spectacle from parental secrets to child suicides. Part of Clarke’s journalistic aim, according to McCann, is to highlight the demoralizing effects of this societal interest in the grotesque—a concern effectively accomplished in Kirkland’s flogging where Dawes’s moral stance is tortured to the point where he seems to have “abandoned his humanity,” notably so at the hands of Gabbett, a central figure of spectacle in the novel. Clarke’s journalism arguably suggests this demoralization is atavistic in nature through his juxtaposition of barbaric history and contemporary criticism, which introduces a unique approach to the novel, considering the imperialist roots of the transportation system. The sensationalized “trophies” of British colonizers and the European tastes of Clarke’s audience taken together with Patrick Brantlinger’s definition of imperialism in “Imperial Gothic: Atavism and the Occult in the British Adventure Novel, 1880-1914” supports this critical framework, while the novel further explores this perspective primarily through viewing the authority figures as colonizers and convicts as the colonized. This interpretation is supported by the sub-human descriptions of the convicts that reflect imperialist attitudes, and through an analysis of Maurice Frere, with particular focus to his “backsliding” linguistics and his “theft” of the barbaric coracle. If Maurice Frere is the metaphorical embodiment of Clarke’s “colonizer” audience, their fascination with the spectacle is indeed “antithetical to rational discernment” (McCann) and bordering on atavism

Identification and nucleotide sequences of mxaA, mxaC, mxaK, mxaL, and mxaD genes from Methylobacterium extorquens AM1

The DNA sequence for a 4.4-kb HindIII-XhoI Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 DNA fragment that is known to contain three genes (mxaAKL) involved in incorporation of calcium into methanol dehydrogenase (I. W. Richardson and C. Anthony, Biochem. J. 287:709-7115, 1992) was determined. Five complete open reading frames and two partial open reading frames were found, suggesting that this region contains previously unidentified genes. A combination of sequence analysis, mutant complementation data, and gene expression studies showed that these genes correspond to mxaSACKLDorf1. Of the three previously unidentified genes (mxaC, mxaD, and orf1), mutant complementation studies showed that mxaC is required for methanol oxidation, while the function of the other two genes is still unknown

A study of the effectiveness of a phonetic and activity approach to the teaching of spelling in grade four,

Includes appendices. Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

Increased Biodiversity in the Environment Improves the Humoral Response of Rats

Previous studies have compared the immune systems of wild and of laboratory rodents in an effort to determine how laboratory rodents differ from their naturally occurring relatives. This comparison serves as an indicator of what sorts of changes might exist between modern humans living in Western culture compared to our hunter-gatherer ancestors. However, immunological experiments on wild-caught animals are difficult and potentially confounded by increased levels of stress in the captive animals. In this study, the humoral immune responses of laboratory rats in a traditional laboratory environment and in an environment with enriched biodiversity were examined following immunization with a panel of antigens. Biodiversity enrichment included colonization of the laboratory animals with helminths and co-housing the laboratory animals with wild-caught rats. Increased biodiversity did not apparently affect the IgE response to peanut antigens following immunization with those antigens. However, animals housed in the enriched biodiversity setting demonstrated an increased mean humoral response to T-independent and T-dependent antigens and increased levels of “natural” antibodies directed at a xenogeneic protein and at an autologous tissue extract that were not used as immunogens

1996 Wild Blueberry CSREES Progress Reports/1996 Wild Blueberry Tax Reports

The 1996 edition of the Wild Blueberry CSREES Progress Reports/Wild Blueberry Tax Reports was prepared for the Maine Wild Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: Wild Blueberry CSREES Progress Reports: 1. Factors affecting the quality of Individually Quick Frozen (IQF) wild blueberries 2. Factors affecting the physical and chemical properties of IQF wild blueberries 3. Preventing the bleeding of blueberry fruit in bakery products 4. Amylase test development 5. Determination of pesticide residue levels in freshly harvested and processed wild blueberries 6. Sustainable pollination of wild blueberry 7. Potential for biological control of insect pests of wild blueberry 8. Effect of desiccation on wild blueberry winter survival and cold temperature tolerance 9. Population variation in low-temperature tolerance of wild blueberry 10. Influence of flower delaying sprays on seasonal variation of low temperature tolerance in wild blueberry 11. Effect of various levels of disbudding on yield of wild blueberry 12. Effect of boron and the polyamine putrescine on wild blueberry fruit set and yield 13. Effect of soil pH on nutrient uptake 14. Phosphorus uptake 15. Correcting boron deficiency 16. Hexazinone groundwater survey 17. Effect of time of fall pruning on growth and productivity of wild blueberries 18. Evaluation of Pronone® spot treatments for control of St. Johnswort, dogbane, bracken fern, witch grass/fall panicum and bunchberry 19. Effect of hexazinone formulation on movement through the soil profile 20. Effect of plant source and density on spread of wild blueberry Wild Blueberry Tax Reports: 21. Control of wild blueberry diseases 22. Control of wild blueberry pest insects 23. Biology and action thresholds of secondary blueberry pest insects 24. Phosphorus/nitrogen fertilizer ratio 25. Effect of surfactant and ammonium sulfate on glyphosate activity 26. Blueberry Extension Education Program Bas

2001 Wild Blueberry CSREES Project Reports

The 2001 edition of the Wild Blueberry CSREES Progress Reports was prepared for the Maine Wild Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: 1. Effect of Wild Blueberry Products on Oxidation in Meat Based Food Systems 2. Factors Affecting the Microbial and Pesticide Residues Levels on Wild Blueberries 3. Determination of Pesticide Residue Levels in Fresh and Processed Wild Blueberries 4. Separation of Maggot-Infested Wild Blueberries in the IQF Processing Line 5. Water Use of Wild Blueberries and the Impact of Plant Water Stress on Yields 6. Survey of Stem Blight and Leaf Spot Diseases in Wild Blueberry Fields 7. IPM Strategies 8. Control Tactics for Wild Blueberry Pest Insects, 2001 9. Biology and Ecology of Blueberry Pest Insects 10. Diurnal Bee Activity and Measurement of Honeybee Field Strength 11. Effect of Foliar-applied Iron (Fe) Chelate Concentration on Leaf Iron Concentration, Wild Blueberry Growth and Yield 12. Effect of Boron Application Methods on Boron Uptake in Wild Blueberries 13. Effect of Foliar Iron and Copper Application on Growth and Yield of Wild Blueberries 14. Effect of Fertilizer Timing on Wild Blueberry Growth and Productivity 15. Effect of Foliar Copper Application on Growth and Yield of Wild Blueberries 16. Effect of Prune-year Applications of Nutri-Phitetm P or Nutri-Phitetm P+K on Growth and Yield of Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) 17. Effect of Soil pH on Nutrient Uptake 18. Assessment of Azafenidin for Weed Control in Wild Blueberries 19. Assessment of Rimsulfuron for Weed Control in Wild Blueberries 20. Assessment of Pendimethalin for Weed Control in Wild Blueberries 21. Evaluation and Demonstration of Techniques for Filling in Bare Spots in Wild Blueberry Fields 22. Assessment of Sprout-less Weeder for Hardwood Control in Wild Blueberries 23. Wild Blueberry Extension Education Program in 2001 24. Evaluation of Fungicide Efficacy in Wild Blueberry Fields 25. 2001 Pesticide Groundwater Survey 26. Cultural Weed Management Using Sulfur to Lower the pH 27. Wild Blueberry Web Sit

1997 Wild Blueberry Progress Reports

The 1997 edition of the Wild Blueberry Progress Reports was prepared for the Wild Blueberry Commission of Maine and the Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: 1. Investigation of processing damage of IQF blueberries 2. Use of sorter rejects and wild blueberry puree to prevent warmed over flavor in processed beef patties 3. Factors affecting the quality of IQF wild blueberries 4. Determination of pesticide residue levels in fresh and processed wild blueberries 5. Pollination ecology of wild blueberries in Maine 6. Control tactics for wild blueberry pest insects 7. IPM Strategies 8. Pest Biology 9. Effect of antidessication treatments on wild blueberry cold temperature tolerance 10. Phosphorus/nitrogen fertilizer ratio 11. Effect of boron application methods on boron uptake in wild blueberries 12. Effect of foliar zinc application on growth and yield of wild blueberries 13. Effect of soil pH on nutrient uptake 14. Crop year fertilization of wild blueberry 15. Effect of Photomag® on growth and yield of wild blueberries 16. Evaluation of Pronone MG® spot treatments for control of St. Johnswort, dogbane, bracken fern, witch grass/fall panicum and bunchberry 17. Effect of hexazinone formulation on movement through the soil profile 18. Effect of time of fall pruning on wild blueberry fruit set and yield 19. Effect of pre and postemergence herbicide applications on control of grasses 20. Hexazinone groundwater survey 21. Effect of plant source and density on spread of wild blueberry 22. Effect of surfactant and ammonium sulfate on glyphosate activity 23. Effect of crop year application of hexazinone on weed control, yield and hexazinone residue. 24. Long term effects of tribenuron methyl on wild blueberries and weed species composition 25. Effect of Velpar® DF/MAP on wild blueberry fruit set and yield. 26. Effect of reduced volume lmidan® 2.5 EC UL V applications on wild blueberry residue and efficacy 27. Wild blueberry extension education progra

2000 Wild Blueberry Project Reports

The 2000 edition of the Wild Blueberry Project Reports was prepared for the Maine Wild Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: 1. Determination of Pesticide Residue Levels in Fresh and Processed Wild Blueberries 2. Factors Affecting the Microbiological Quality of IQF Blueberries 3. Effect of Processed Blueberry Products on Oxidation in Meat Based Food Systems 4. Separation of Maggot Infested Wild Blueberries in the IQF Processing Line 5. Water Use of Wild Blueberries 6. Control Tactics for Blueberry Pest Insects, 2000 7. IPM Strategies 8. Biology and Ecology of Blueberry Pest Insects 9. Survey of Stem Blight and Leaf Spot Diseases in Lowbush Blueberry Fields 10. Phosphorus/Nitrogen Fertilizer Ratio 11. Effect of Boron Application Methods on Boron Uptake in Lowbush Blueberries 12. Effect of Foliar Iron and Copper Application on Growth and Yield of Lowbush Blueberries 13. Effect of Soil pH on Nutrient Uptake 14. Effect of Nutri-Phite (tm) P+K on Growth and Yield of Lowbush Blueberry 15. Effect of Fertilizer Timing on Lowbush Blueberry Growth and Productivity 16. Assessment of Azafenidin for Weed Control in Wild Blueberries 17. Assessment of Rimsulfuron for Weed Control in Wild Blueberries 18. Assessment of Pendimethalin for Weed Control in Wild Blueberries 19. Assessment of VC1447 for Weed Control in Wild Blueberries 20. Cultural Management Using pH for Weed Control in Wild Blueberries 21. Evaluation of Sprout-Less Weeder® for Weed Control in Wild Blueberries 22. Evaluation of RoundUp Ultra® and Touchdown 5® for Weed Control in Wild Blueberries 23. Evaluation and Demonstration of Techniques for Filling in Bare Spots in Wild Blueberry Fields 24. Evaluation of Fungicides Efficacy in Wild Blueberry Fields 25. Velpar® and Sinbar/Karmex® Demonstration Plot Comparison Trial 26. Blueberry Extension Education Program in 2000 27. 2000 Hexazinone Groundwater Surve

1998 CSREES Wild Blueberry Project Results

The 1998 edition of the CSREES Wild Blueberry Project Results was prepared for the Maine Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: 1. Separation of Maggot Infested Blueberries in the IQF Processing Line 2. Assessment of Preharvest Treatments on Wild blueberry Fruit Quality 3. Blueberries as a Natural Colorant for Breakfast Cereals 4. Factors Affecting Quality of IQF Wild Blueberries 5. Control Tactics for Wild blueberry Pest Insects 6. Biology and Ecology of Wild blueberry Pest Insects 7. Sustainable Pollination of Wild blueberry 8. Evaluation of Foliar Fungicides for Control of Mummy Berry 9. Phosphorus/Nitrogen Fertilizer Ratio 10. Effect of Boron Application Methods on Boron Uptake in Wild Blueberries 11. Effect of Zinc Application on Growth and Yield of Wild Blueberries 12. Effect of Soil pH of Nutrient Uptake 13. Crop Year Fertilization of Wild blueberry 14. Effect of Fertilizer Timing on Wild blueberry Growth and Productivity 15. Alternative Methods of Grass Control 16. Cultural Weed Management Using pH 17. Investigation of Hexazinone Alternatives for Weed Control 18. Evaluation of Hexazinone Applications in the Cropping Year 19. Effect of Surfactant and Ammonium Sulfate on Glyphosate Activity 20. Evaluation of Pronone MG® Spot Treatments for Control of St Jobnswort, Dogbane, Bracken Fem, Witch Grass/Fall Panicum and Bunchberry 21. Hexazinone Groundwater Surve