4,549 research outputs found
Laser ablation modelling of aluminium, silver and crystalline silicon for applications in photovoltaic technologies
Laser material processing is being extensively used in photovoltaic applications for both the fabrication of thin film modules and the enhancement of the crystalline silicon solar cells. The two temperature model for thermal diffusion was numerically solved in this paper. Laser pulses of 1064, 532 or 248 nm with duration of 35, 26 or 10 ns were considered as the thermal source leading to the material ablation. Considering high irradiance levels (108–109 W cm−2), a total absorption of the energy during the ablation process was assumed in the model. The materials analysed in the simulation were aluminium (Al) and silver (Ag), which are commonly used as metallic electrodes in photovoltaic devices. Moreover, thermal diffusion was also simulated for crystalline silicon (c-Si). A similar trend of temperature as a function of depth and time was found for both metals and c-Si regardless of the employed wavelength. For each material, the ablation depth dependence on laser pulse parameters was determined by means of an ablation criterion. Thus, after the laser pulse, the maximum depth for which the total energy stored in the material is equal to the vaporisation enthalpy was considered as the ablation depth. For all cases, the ablation depth increased with the laser pulse fluence and did not exhibit a clear correlation with the radiation wavelength. Finally, the experimental validation of the simulation results was carried out and the ability of the model with the initial hypothesis of total energy absorption to closely fit experimental results was confirmed
Geochemical modeling of CO2 storage in deep reservoirs: The Weyburn Project (Canada) case study
Geological storage is presently one of the most promising options for reducing anthropogenic emissions of
CO2. Among the several projects investigating the fate of CO2 stored at depth, the EnCana's CO2 injection EOR
(Enhancing Oil Recovery) project at Weyburn (Saskatchewan, Canada) is the most important oil production
development that hosts an international monitoring project. In the Weyburn EOR Project CO2 is used to
increase recovery of heavy oil from the Midale Beds, a Mississippian reservoir consisting of shallow marine
carbonate, where about 3 billions standard m3 of supercritical CO2 have been injected since 2000 with an
injection rate of 5000 ton/day.
In this work the available dataset (bulk mineralogy of the reservoir, gas-cap composition and selected preand
post-CO2 injection water samples) provided by the International Energy Agency Weyburn CO2 Monitoring
& Storage Project has been used in order to:
i) reconstruct the pre-injection reservoir chemical composition (including pH and the boundary conditions
at 62 °C and 15 MPa);
ii) assess the evolution of the reservoir subjected to CO2 injection and predict dissolution/precipitation
processes of the Weyburn brines over 100 years after injection;
iii) validate the short-term (September 2000–2003) evolution of the in situ reservoir fluids due to the CO2
injection, by comparing the surface analytical data with the composition of the computed depressurized brines.
To achieve these goals the PRHEEQC (V2.14) Software Package was used with both modified thermodynamic
database and correction for supercritical CO2 fugacity. The oil–gas–water interaction and the non-ideality of
the gas phase (with exception of CO2) were not considered in the numerical simulations. Despite intrinsic
limitations and uncertainties of geochemical modeling, the main results can be summarized, as follows: 1)
the calculated pre-injection chemical composition of the Midale Beds brine is consistent with the analytical
data of the waters collected in 2000 (baseline survey), 2) the main reservoir reactions (CO2 and carbonate
dissolution) take place within the first year of simulation, 3) the temporal evolution of the chemical features
of the fluids in the Weyburn reservoir suggests that CO2 can safely be stored by solubility (as CO2(aq)) and
mineral trapping (via dawsonite precipitation). The short-term validation performed by calculating chemical
composition of the reservoir fluids (corrected for surface conditions) after the simulation of 3 years of CO2
injection is consistent (error ≤5%) with the analytical data of the wellhead water samples collected in 2003,
with the exception of Ca and Mg (error N90%), likely due to complexation effect of carboxilic acid
Kinematics and hydrodynamics of spinning particles
In the first part (Sections 1 and 2) of this paper --starting from the Pauli
current, in the ordinary tensorial language-- we obtain the decomposition of
the non-relativistic field velocity into two orthogonal parts: (i) the
"classical part, that is, the 3-velocity w = p/m OF the center-of-mass (CM),
and (ii) the so-called "quantum" part, that is, the 3-velocity V of the motion
IN the CM frame (namely, the internal "spin motion" or zitterbewegung). By
inserting such a complete, composite expression of the velocity into the
kinetic energy term of the non-relativistic classical (i.e., newtonian)
lagrangian, we straightforwardly get the appearance of the so-called "quantum
potential" associated, as it is known, with the Madelung fluid. This result
carries further evidence that the quantum behaviour of micro-systems can be
adirect consequence of the fundamental existence of spin. In the second part
(Sections 3 and 4), we fix our attention on the total 3-velocity v = w + V, it
being now necessary to pass to relativistic (classical) physics; and we show
that the proper time entering the definition of the four-velocity v^mu for
spinning particles has to be the proper time tau of the CM frame. Inserting the
correct Lorentz factor into the definition of v^mu leads to completely new
kinematical properties for v_mu v^mu. The important constraint p_mu v^mu = m,
identically true for scalar particles, but just assumed a priori in all
previous spinning particle theories, is herein derived in a self-consistent
way.Comment: LaTeX file; needs kapproc.st
Cognitive Information Processing
Contains reports on six research projects.National Institutes of Health (Grant 1 PO1 GM-14940-01)National Institutes of Health (Grant 1 PO1 GM-15006-01)Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DA 28-043-AMC-02536(E)Project MAC, an M. I. T. research programAdvanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense, under Office of Naval Research Contract Nonr-4102-(01
User experiences of an American-adapted moderated online social media platform for first-episode psychosis : Qualitative analysis
Objectives
The current study sought to qualitatively characterize the experiences of American users in a recent open trial of the Horyzons digital platform.
Methods
In total, 20 users on Horyzons USA completed semistructured interviews 12 weeks after their orientation to the platform and addressed questions related to (1) the platform, (2) their online therapist, and (3) the peer workers and community space. A hybrid inductive-deductive coding strategy was used to conduct a thematic analysis of the data (NCT04673851).
Results
The authors identified seven prominent themes that mapped onto the three components of self-determination theory. Features of the platform itself as well as inter- and intra-personal factors supported the autonomous use of Horyzons. Users also reflected that their perceived competence in social settings and in managing mental health was increased by the familiarity, privacy, and perceived safety of the platform and an emphasis on personalized therapeutic content. The behaviors or traits of online therapists as perceived by users and regular contact with peers and peer support specialists satisfied users’ need for relatedness and promoted confidence in social settings. Users also described aspects of Horyzons USA that challenged their satisfaction of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, highlighting potential areas for future iterations of the platform's content and interface.
Conclusions
Horyzons USA is a promising digital tool that provides young adults with psychosis with the means to access tailored therapy material on demand and a supportive digital community to aid in the recovery process
User experiences of an American-adapted moderated online social media platform for first-episode psychosis: Qualitative analysis
Objectives
The current study sought to qualitatively characterize the experiences of American users in a recent open trial of the Horyzons digital platform.
Methods
In total, 20 users on Horyzons USA completed semistructured interviews 12 weeks after their orientation to the platform and addressed questions related to (1) the platform, (2) their online therapist, and (3) the peer workers and community space. A hybrid inductive-deductive coding strategy was used to conduct a thematic analysis of the data (NCT04673851).
Results
The authors identified seven prominent themes that mapped onto the three components of self-determination theory. Features of the platform itself as well as inter- and intra-personal factors supported the autonomous use of Horyzons. Users also reflected that their perceived competence in social settings and in managing mental health was increased by the familiarity, privacy, and perceived safety of the platform and an emphasis on personalized therapeutic content. The behaviors or traits of online therapists as perceived by users and regular contact with peers and peer support specialists satisfied users’ need for relatedness and promoted confidence in social settings. Users also described aspects of Horyzons USA that challenged their satisfaction of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, highlighting potential areas for future iterations of the platform's content and interface.
Conclusions
Horyzons USA is a promising digital tool that provides young adults with psychosis with the means to access tailored therapy material on demand and a supportive digital community to aid in the recovery process
Critical phenomena of thick branes in warped spacetimes
We have investigated the effects of a generic bulk first-order phase
transition on thick Minkowski branes in warped geometries. As occurs in
Euclidean space, when the system is brought near the phase transition an
interface separating two ordered phases splits into two interfaces with a
disordered phase in between. A remarkable and distinctive feature is that the
critical temperature of the phase transition is lowered due to pure geometrical
effects. We have studied a variety of critical exponents and the evolution of
the transverse-traceless sector of the metric fluctuations.Comment: revtex4, 4 pages, 4 figures, some comments added, typos corrected,
published in PR
Multiwavelength Observations of 1ES 1959+650, One Year After the Strong Outburst of 2002
In April-May 2003, the blazar 1ES 1959+650 showed an increased level of X-ray
activity. This prompted a multiwavelength observation campaign with the Whipple
10 m gamma-ray telescope, the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, the Bordeaux Optical
Observatory, and the University of Michigan Radio Astrophysical Observatory. We
present the multiwavelength data taken from May 2, 2003 to June 7, 2003 and
compare the source characteristics with those measured during observations
taken during the years 2000 and 2002. The X-ray observations gave a data set
with high signal-to-noise light curves and energy spectra; however, the
gamma-ray observations did not reveal a major TeV gamma-ray flare. Furthermore,
we find that the radio and optical fluxes do not show statistically significant
deviations from those measured during the 2002 flaring periods. While the X-ray
flux and X-ray photon index appear correlated during subsequent observations,
the apparent correlation evolved significantly between the years 2000, 2002,
and 2003. We discuss the implications of this finding for the mechanism that
causes the flaring activity.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, 2 table
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