The influence of trial-by-trial feedback on trust in health, first-episode and chronic psychosis

Trust is crucial to establishing reciprocal, positive social interactions and seems to be compromised in psychosis. The trust game offers methods to assess an individual’s trust responses to trust-reciprocating, positive feedback. Various computational techniques have been implemented to measure trust responsiveness, mostly based on investments. Here, we propose a new method, focusing on feedback response. Psychosis patients show social dysfunction and reduced trust during early and more progressed illness stages. The present study inspects differences in feedback responsiveness of 102 first-episode psychosis patients (FEPs), 43 chronic psychosis patients (CPs), and 39 healthy controls (HCs) by adopting a novel assessment approach. Additionally, baseline trust, the trust exerted without any prior knowledge of the partner’s trustworthiness, and mean trust were examined. Participants performed a multi-round trust game, playing the investor role, and were paired with a computer, programmed to return at least the invested amount, representing a trustworthy partner. The new method detected group differences, more distinguished than the former methods. Contrary to our expectations, baseline trust was intact in patients. Relative to HCs, patients were less responsive to feedback, failing to integrate the positive information into their decision-making process. The magnitude of returns was not associated with increases in trust. This novel method showed promising results and confirmed patients’ deficits within the social interactional domain

The Influence of Trial-By-Trial Feedback on Trust in Health, First-Episode and Chronic Psychosis

Trust is crucial to establishing reciprocal, positive social interactions and seems to be compromised in psychosis. The trust game offers methods to assess an individual’s trust responses to trust-reciprocating, positive feedback. Various computational techniques have been implemented to measure trust responsiveness, mostly based on investments. Here, we propose a new method, focusing on feedback response. Psychosis patients show social dysfunction and reduced trust during early and more progressed illness stages. The present study inspects differences in feedback responsiveness of 102 first-episode psychosis patients (FEPs), 43 chronic psychosis patients (CPs), and 39 healthy controls (HCs) by adopting a novel assessment approach. Additionally, baseline trust, the trust exerted without any prior knowledge of the partner’s trustworthiness, and mean trust were examined. Participants performed a multi-round trust game, playing the investor role, and were paired with a computer, programmed to return at least the invested amount, representing a trustworthy partner. The new method detected group differences, more distinguished than the former methods. Contrary to our expectations, baseline trust was intact in patients. Relative to HCs, patients were less responsive to feedback, failing to integrate the positive information into their decision-making process. The magnitude of returns was not associated with increases in trust. This novel method showed promising results and confirmed patients’ deficits within the social interactional domain

Closing and non-closing sutures in 256 crania of known age and sex from Amsterdam (a.d. 1883–1909)

By dividing a Dutch reference collection into two subsamples of different ages, remarkable differences were found in the suture closure process in these subsamples. Spearman rank correlations demonstrated that mean endocranial closure stage is correlated (P<0·001) with age in the ages below fifty but not in the ages above fifty. In the latter ages the closure stage of individual suture sections showed positive as well as negative correlations (0·001≤P<0·05) with age at death. Therefore two different suture closure indices were introduced as age indicators, one for each subsample. Both indices are correlated (P<0·001) with age within their subsample. It is supposed that the required division into subsamples may be realized with the help of other age indicators. As possible age indicator, especially when used together with others in “complex methods”, suture closure has not yet served its tur

Non-metric cranial traits: Sex difference and age dependence

Absence of association with age and/or sex in the case of discrete traits was hypothesized by Berry & Berry (1967). The important implication that skeletal material too fragmentary for sex and age determination may also be used in discrete-trait-studies stimulated us to test this hypothesis for 49 discrete traits in 254 Amsterdam crania of known age and sex. The results were compared with those of other such studies of European skulls. No significant deviation from the hypothesis was found as far as age dependence is concerned while sex difference did occur for some traits. At the same time Corruccini's (1974) conclusion that the hypothesis fails when tested in the Terry collection was found to result largely from the fact that right and left manifestations of lateral traits were treated as being independent. The possibility of including skeletal material too fragmentary for sex and age determination in future discrete-trait-studies is still open for discussion

Disputatio physica de Calore innato

quam praeside clarissimo doctissimoque viro domino Johanne Pinciero medicinae & philosophiae doctore, in illustri schola Herbornensi physices professore ordinario ... publice disputando defendere conabitur Antonius Perizonius SchuttorffiensisBogensignaturen: A-D⁴Titelholzschnit

... Babylonica, & Turris In Terra Sinear Exstructæ, Ac Dispersionis Hominum Ex Ea, Rationem Ac Historiam Continet

... BABYLONICA, & TURRIS IN TERRA SINEAR EXSTRUCTÆ, AC DISPERSIONIS HOMINUM EX EA, RATIONEM AC HISTORIAM CONTINET Jac. Perizonii Origines Babylonicæ Et Ægyptiacæ Tomis II. Quorum Prior ... (-) ... Babylonica, & Turris In Terra Sinear Exstructæ, Ac Dispersionis Hominum Ex Ea, Rationem Ac Historiam Continet (T. 1) (1) Einband (1) Titelblatt (6) Dedicatio (8) Praefatio (14) Privilegie. (18) Pooemium. (20) Cap. I. (24) Cap. II. (36) Cap. III. (49) Cap. IV. (57) Cap. V. (72) Cap. VI. (82) Cap. VII. (106) Cap. VIII. (115) Cap. IX. (151) Cap. X. (179) Cap. XI. (209) Cap. XII. (241) Cap. XIII. (267) Cap. XIV. (296) Addenda. (352) Index. (396) Fotodokumentation (410