9 research outputs found
EficĂĄcia e fitotoxicidade de herbicidas aplicados para manejo de plantas daninhas infestantes do trigo
The objective of this paper was to identify alternatives for the chemical handling of weeds that infect wheat, as well as verifying the phytotoxicity of herbicides on the crop. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks, organized in a factorial design of 2x 13, with four repetitions. The wheat crops were allocated to factor A (Quartzo and Pioneiro) and the herbicides to factor B (iodosulfuron â 0,100 kg ha-1; imazapic + imazapyr â 0,140 kg ha-1; clomazone 0,800 L ha-1; imazethapyr + imazapic â 1,250 L ha-1; propanil â 6,000 kg ha-1; oxyfluorfen â 1,000 L ha-1; penoxsulam â 0,175 L ha-1; metsulfuron-methyl â 0,0033 kg ha-1; 2,4-D â 1,250 L ha-1; cyhalofop-p-buthyl â 1,380 L ha-1; pyroxsulam â 0,400 L ha-1), plus two controls, one weeded and another one infested. Iodosulfuron, propanil, oxyfluorfen, metsulfuron-methyl, 2,4-D, cyhalofop-p-buthyl, penoxsulam and pyroxsulam cause values inferior to 5.5% of phytotoxicity to wheat crops and, in general, they did not differ from the weeded and infested controls. The greatest phytotoxic effects were caused by imazethapyr + imazapic, clomazone and imazapic + imazapyr on the wheat crops. The application of iodosulfuron, imazethapyr + imazapic, imazapic + imazapyr and pyroxsulam presented elevated control percentage of ryegrass, with rates above 95.5%. Imazethapyr + imazapic, clomazone and imazapic + imazapyr presented the greatest phytotoxicity on the wheat crops. Iodosulfuron, imazethapyr + imazapic, clomazone and imazapic + imazapyr and pyroxsulam showed the best controls for ryegrass. Iodosulfuron presented lower influence on the components of wheat grains yield when compared to the other herbicides.Objetivou-se com o trabalho identificar alternativas para o manejo quĂmico de plantas daninhas infestante do trigo, bem como verificar a fitotoxicidade de herbicidas sobre a cultura. Instalou-se o experimento em blocos casualizados, arranjado em esquema fatorial 2 x 13, com quatro repetiçÔes. No fator A, alocou-se as cultivares de trigo (Quartzo e Pioneiro) e no B os herbicidas (iodosulfuron â 0,100 kg ha-1; imazapic + imazapyr â 0,140 kg ha-1; clomazone 0,800 L ha-1; imazethapyr + imazapic â 1,250 L ha-1; propanil â 6,000 kg ha-1; oxyfluorfen â 1,000 L ha-1; penoxsulam â 0,175 L ha-1; metsulfuron-methyl â 0,0033 kg ha-1; 2,4-D â 1,250 L ha-1; cyhalofop-p-buthyl â 1,380 L ha-1; pyroxsulam â 0,400 L ha-1), mais duas testemunhas uma capinada e outra infestada. O iodosulfuron, propanil, oxyfluorfen, metsulfuron-methyl, 2,4-D, cyhalofop-p-buthyl, penoxsulam e pyroxsulam ocasionaram valores inferiores a 5,5% de fitotoxicidade Ă s cultivares de trigo e de modo geral nĂŁo diferiram das testemunhas capinada e infestada. Os maiores efeitos fitotĂłxicos foram ocasionados pelo imazethapyr + imazapic, clomazone e imazapic + imazapyr sobre as cultivares de trigo. A aplicação de iodosulfuron, imazethapyr + imazapic, imazapic + imazapyr e o pyroxsulam apresentaram elevados percentuais de controle do azevĂ©m, com Ăndices superiores a 95,5%. O imazethapyr + imazapic, clomazone e imazapic + imazapyr apresentaram as maiores fitotoxicidades sobre as cultivares de trigo. O iodosulfuron, imazethapyr + imazapic, clomazone e imazapic + imazapyr e o pyroxsulam demonstraram os melhores controles do azevĂ©m. O iodosulfuron apresentou a menor influĂȘncia sobre os componentes do rendimento de grĂŁos do trigo ao se comparar com os demais herbicidas
Chemical management alternatives weed infests barley crop
O azevĂ©m Ă© uma das principais plantas daninhas que infesta a cultura da cevada, ocasionando elevadas perdas de produtividade e da qualidade dos grĂŁos dessa cultura. Diante disso, objetivou-se com o trabalho, identificar possĂveis alternativas para o manejo quĂmico de azevĂ©m infestante da cevada, bem como verificar a fitotoxicidade de herbicidas sobre os componentes de rendimento da cultura. Para tanto foi instalado um experimento, a campo, em blocos casualizados, arranjados em esquema fatorial 2 x 12, com quatro repetiçÔes. O fator A foi constituĂdo pelos genĂłtipos de cevada (MN610 e Crioula) e o B pelos herbicidas (iodosulfuron; imazethapyr + imazapic; clomazone; propanil; oxyfluorfen; metsulfuron-methyl; 2,4-D; cyhalofop-p-butil; penoxsulam e pyroxsulam), mais duas testemunhas uma capinada e outra sem capina. O genĂłtipo MN610 apresentou elevada sensibilidade ao clomazone e ao imazethapyr + imazapic, tendo seus componentes de rendimento de grĂŁos afetados negativamente na presença desses produtos. JĂĄ o genĂłtipo Crioula, apresentou-se mais tolerante ao iodosulfuron, propanil, pyroxsulam, imazethapyr + imazapic, clomazone e oxyfluorfen, com menor redução nos componentes do rendimento da cevada. Os herbicidas aplicados podem, dependendo do genĂłtipo, reduzir os componentes de rendimento da cultura, o que consequentemente afetarĂĄ a produtividade de grĂŁos da cevada. O iodosulfuron apresentou a melhor resposta para o controle de azevĂ©m, mantendo a cevada livre de planta daninha, aliado a uma menor fitotoxicidade a cultura.Ryegrass is the main weed that infests barley, causing high yield losses and quality of grain. Thus, this work intended to evaluate the selectivity and efficacy of herbicides for weed control in barley. For such, we carried out an experiment in the field with randomized block design in factorial scheme 2 x 12, with four replications. Factor A is composed by the barley genotypes MN610 and Criola and factor B by herbicides: iodosulfuron imazethapyr + imazapic; clomazone; propanil; oxyfluorfen; metsulfuron-methyl; 2,4-D; cyhalofop; penoxsulam; were allocated pyroxsulam, weeded and infested. MN610 genotype showed high sensitivity to clomazone and imazethapyr + imazapic, with its yield components reduced in the presence of these products. Criola genotype presented itself with more tolerance to iodosulfuron, propanil, pyroxsulam, imazethapyr + imazapic, clomazone and oxyfluorfen because its yield components were lesser negatively affected by herbicides. The herbicides may cause, depending on the genotype, reduction in yield components of culture, which consequently affect the grain yield of barley. The herbicide that had the best response was iodosulfuron, keeping the crop free of weeds and combined with a lower phytotoxicity culture. The herbicide that had the best response was iodosulfuron, it kept the crop free of weeds with lowest phytotoxicity to culture
Competitive ability of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) cultivars against hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L.)
Among the weeds that interfere with the growth and development of sweet sorghum, beggar ticks stands out, because it has a high competitive capacity for the available resources. This study aims to compare the competitive ability of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) against hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L.), as a function of cultivar and plant proportion. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications and six treatments. Treatments were arranged in replacement series in the proportions of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100% (sorghum:weed) equivalent to 20:0, 15:5, 10:10, 5:15 and 0:20 plants per pot with 8 dm3 capacity of sweet sorghum (cultivars âBRS 506â, âBRS 509â or âBRS 511â) against hairy beggarticks. Fifty days after emergence, plant leaf area (LA), aboveground dry mass (DM), photosynthesis (A), and transpiration rates (E) were measured. Competitive ability was analyzed by using the graphical analysis method and building diagrams based on total and relative productivity. Competitiveness, clustering coefficient, and aggressiveness were also determined. Sorghum cultivars, in general, showed losses independently of the proportion of hairy beggarticks. Statistical analysis showed small differences in competitive ability among sorghum cultivars; âBRS 509â was also demonstrated to be slightly more competitive than âBRS 506â and âBRS 511â against hairy beggarticks. This, however, is unlikely to provide a competitive advantage for âBRS 509â in production fields, and hairy beggarticks should be efficiently controlled early in the crop cycle to avoid productivity losses, independently of the sorghum cultivar
Obesidade na atualidade: abordagem das principais consequĂȘncias a longo prazo
Introdução: A obesidade Ă© uma doença de etiologia multifatorial, se apresentando como uma das mais prevalentes sĂndromes do mundo. Tal condição pode ser definida como excesso de gordura corporal, mensurada pelo IMC. A molĂ©stia pode apresentar diversas repercussĂ”es negativas no bem-estar do indivĂduo, como doenças metabĂłlicas e cardiovasculares, alĂ©m de prejuĂzos sociais e psicolĂłgicos. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisĂŁo narrativa acerca das principais consequĂȘncias da obesidade a longo prazo. MĂ©todo: Trata-se de uma revisĂŁo narrativa com buscas na Scielo, Pubmed e Lilacs, no perĂodo de 2012 a 2022, utilizando os termos chave: âobesidadeâ, âconsequĂȘnciasâ, âevolução mĂ©dicaâ, âobesityâ e âconsequencesâ. Resultados: Foram selecionados 10 artigos no total, sendo 4 na Scielo, 4 no Pubmed e 2 na Lilacs, por corresponderem ao objetivo do trabalho. DiscussĂŁo: A principal consequĂȘncia da obesidade se apresenta nos distĂșrbios metabĂłlicos, com destaque para a Diabetes tipo 2, devido ao aumento da inflamação e, portanto, da resistĂȘncia Ă insulina. Outros impactos repercutem na osteoartrite, diversos tipos de cĂąncer, doença renal crĂŽnica e condiçÔes que podem levar a pessoa acometida a Ăłbito. IndivĂduos obesos estĂŁo vulnerĂĄveis a questĂ”es sociais, como isolamento e discriminação e podem, portanto, desenvolver doenças psicolĂłgicas. ConclusĂŁo: Conclui-se que a obesidade deve ser tratada de forma multidisciplinar, sugerindo novos estudos relacionados aos prejuĂzos laborais sofridos pelos trabalhadores obesos
ImportĂąncia da angioplastia no tratamento do infarto agudo do miocĂĄrdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST
Introdução: A angioplastia Ă© um procedimento mĂ©dico de extrema importĂąncia no tratamento do infarto agudo do miocĂĄrdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST. TambĂ©m conhecido como IAM com supra ST, esse tipo de infarto Ă© caracterizado por uma obstrução grave e prolongada das artĂ©rias coronĂĄrias, que sĂŁo responsĂĄveis por fornecer sangue ao mĂșsculo cardĂaco. MĂ©todos: Trata-se de uma revisĂŁo integrativa da literatura por proporcionar uma sĂntese dos resultados obtidos atravĂ©s de pesquisas publicadas. Para direcionar a pesquisa, adotou-se como pergunta norteadora: âQual Ă© o papel da angioplastia e a sua importĂąncia no tratamento do infarto agudo do miocĂĄrdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST?â. Para construção da pesquisa, a coleta e anĂĄlise de dados foram realizadas atravĂ©s do Portal da Biblioteca Virtual da SaĂșde, da base de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online via PubMed e do Google AcadĂȘmico atravĂ©s dos Descritores em CiĂȘncias da SaĂșde (DeCS): âInfarto do MiocĂĄrdioâ, âAngioplastiaâ, âReperfusĂŁo MiocĂĄrdicaâ combinados entre si pelo operador booleano AND. Resultados e DiscussĂŁo: ApĂłs o cumprimento dos procedimentos metodolĂłgicos, 12 artigos disponĂveis no portal da BVS, na plataforma PubMed e no Google Scholar foram selecionados, os quais evidenciaram que a angioplastia Ă© um procedimento essencial no tratamento do infarto agudo do miocĂĄrdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST. ConclusĂŁo: A angioplastia Ă© um procedimento minimamente invasivo que consiste na inserção de um cateter especializado para desobstruir as artĂ©rias coronĂĄrias bloqueadas. Essa tĂ©cnica permite restaurar o fluxo sanguĂneo para o mĂșsculo cardĂaco, reduzindo a ĂĄrea de necrose e melhorando a sobrevida dos pacientes
EficĂĄcia e fitotoxicidade de herbicidas aplicados para o manejo de plantas daninhas em cevada
O azevĂ©m Ă© uma das principais plantas daninhas que infesta a cultura da cevada, ocasionando elevadas perdas de produtividade e da qualidade dos grĂŁos dessa cultura. Diante disso, objetivou-se com o trabalho, identificar possĂveis alternativas para o manejo quĂmico de azevĂ©m infestante da cevada, bem como verificar a fitotoxicidade de herbicidas sobre os componentes de rendimento da cultura. Para tanto foi instalado um experimento, a campo, em blocos casualizados, arranjados em esquema fatorial 2 x 12, com quatro repetiçÔes. O fator A foi constituĂdo pelos genĂłtipos de cevada (MN610 e Crioula) e o B pelos herbicidas (iodosulfuron; imazethapyr + imazapic; clomazone; propanil; oxyfluorfen; metsulfuron-methyl; 2,4-D; cyhalofop-p-butil; penoxsulam e pyroxsulam), mais duas testemunhas uma capinada e outra sem capina. O genĂłtipo MN610 apresentou elevada sensibilidade ao clomazone e ao imazethapyr + imazapic, tendo seus componentes de rendimento de grĂŁos afetados negativamente na presença desses produtos. JĂĄ o genĂłtipo Crioula, apresentou-se mais tolerante ao iodosulfuron, propanil, pyroxsulam, imazethapyr + imazapic, clomazone e oxyfluorfen, com menor redução nos componentes do rendimento da cevada. Os herbicidas aplicados podem, dependendo do genĂłtipo, reduzir os componentes de rendimento da cultura, o que consequentemente afetarĂĄ a produtividade de grĂŁos da cevada. O iodosulfuron apresentou a melhor resposta para o controle de azevĂ©m, mantendo a cevada livre de planta daninha, aliado a uma menor fitotoxicidade a cultura.Ryegrass is the main weed that infests barley, causing high yield losses and quality of grain. Thus, this work intended to evaluate the selectivity and efficacy of herbicides for weed control in barley. For such, we carried out an experiment in the field with randomized block design in factorial scheme 2 x 12, with four replications. Factor A is composed by the barley genotypes MN610 and Criola and factor B by herbicides: iodosulfuron imazethapyr + imazapic; clomazone; propanil; oxyfluorfen; metsulfuron-methyl; 2,4-D; cyhalofop; penoxsulam; were allocated pyroxsulam, weeded and infested. MN610 genotype showed high sensitivity to clomazone and imazethapyr + imazapic, with its yield components reduced in the presence of these products. Criola genotype presented itself with more tolerance to iodosulfuron, propanil, pyroxsulam, imazethapyr + imazapic, clomazone and oxyfluorfen because its yield components were lesser negatively affected by herbicides. The herbicides may cause, depending on the genotype, reduction in yield components of culture, which consequently affect the grain yield of barley. The herbicide that had the best response was iodosulfuron, keeping the crop free of weeds and combined with a lower phytotoxicity culture. The herbicide that had the best response was iodosulfuron, it kept the crop free of weeds with lowest phytotoxicity to culture
Cirurgia cardĂaca minimamente invasiva no Brasil Minimally invasive cardiac surgery in Brazil
EficĂĄcia e fitotoxicidade de herbicidas aplicados para manejo de plantas daninhas infestantes do trigo
Objetivou-se com o trabalho identificar alternativas para o manejo quĂmico de plantas daninhas infestante do trigo, bem como verificar a fitotoxicidade de herbicidas sobre a cultura. Instalou-se o experimento em blocos casualizados, arranjado em esquema fatorial 2 x 13, com quatro repetiçÔes. No fator A, alocou-se as cultivares de trigo (Quartzo e Pioneiro) e no B os herbicidas (iodosulfuron â 0,100 kg ha-1; imazapic + imazapyr â 0,140 kg ha-1; clomazone 0,800 L ha-1; imazethapyr + imazapic â 1,250 L ha-1; propanil â 6,000 kg ha-1; oxyfluorfen â 1,000 L ha-1; penoxsulam â 0,175 L ha-1; metsulfuron-methyl â 0,0033 kg ha-1; 2,4-D â 1,250 L ha-1; cyhalofop-p-buthyl â 1,380 L ha-1; pyroxsulam â 0,400 L ha-1), mais duas testemunhas uma capinada e outra infestada. O iodosulfuron, propanil, oxyfluorfen, metsulfuron-methyl, 2,4-D, cyhalofop-p-buthyl, penoxsulam e pyroxsulam ocasionaram valores inferiores a 5,5% de fitotoxicidade Ă s cultivares de trigo e de modo geral nĂŁo diferiram das testemunhas capinada e infestada. Os maiores efeitos fitotĂłxicos foram ocasionados pelo imazethapyr + imazapic, clomazone e imazapic + imazapyr sobre as cultivares de trigo. A aplicação de iodosulfuron, imazethapyr + imazapic, imazapic + imazapyr e o pyroxsulam apresentaram elevados percentuais de controle do azevĂ©m, com Ăndices superiores a 95,5%. O imazethapyr + imazapic, clomazone e imazapic + imazapyr apresentaram as maiores fitotoxicidades sobre as cultivares de trigo. O iodosulfuron, imazethapyr + imazapic, clomazone e imazapic + imazapyr e o pyroxsulam demonstraram os melhores controles do azevĂ©m. O iodosulfuron apresentou a menor influĂȘncia sobre os componentes do rendimento de grĂŁos do trigo ao se comparar com os demais herbicidas.The objective of this paper was to identify alternatives for the chemical handling of weeds that infect wheat, as well as verifying the phytotoxicity of herbicides on the crop. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks, organized in a factorial design of 2x 13, with four repetitions. The wheat crops were allocated to factor A (Quartzo and Pioneiro) and the herbicides to factor B (iodosulfuron â 0,100 kg ha-1; imazapic + imazapyr â 0,140 kg ha-1; clomazone 0,800 L ha-1; imazethapyr + imazapic â 1,250 L ha-1; propanil â 6,000 kg ha-1; oxyfluorfen â 1,000 L ha-1; penoxsulam â 0,175 L ha-1; metsulfuron-methyl â 0,0033 kg ha-1; 2,4-D â 1,250 L ha-1; cyhalofop-p-buthyl â 1,380 L ha-1; pyroxsulam â 0,400 L ha-1), plus two controls, one weeded and another one infested. Iodosulfuron, propanil, oxyfluorfen, metsulfuron-methyl, 2,4-D, cyhalofop-p-buthyl, penoxsulam and pyroxsulam cause values inferior to 5.5% of phytotoxicity to wheat crops and, in general, they did not differ from the weeded and infested controls. The greatest phytotoxic effects were caused by imazethapyr + imazapic, clomazone and imazapic + imazapyr on the wheat crops. The application of iodosulfuron, imazethapyr + imazapic, imazapic + imazapyr and pyroxsulam presented elevated control percentage of ryegrass, with rates above 95.5%. Imazethapyr + imazapic, clomazone and imazapic + imazapyr presented the greatest phytotoxicity on the wheat crops. Iodosulfuron, imazethapyr + imazapic, clomazone and imazapic + imazapyr and pyroxsulam showed the best controls for ryegrass. Iodosulfuron presented lower influence on the components of wheat grains yield when compared to the other herbicides
Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics
The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications