Microplate analytical method for quinones by pulse photo-irradiation and chemiluminescence detection

Quinones are widely distributed in nature and have various bioactivities. Besides, quinones are also considered as toxicological intermediates which cause severe dangerous effects. Hereby, a sensitive, simple, and rapid method is reported for quinones determination. The proposed method employed time resolved fluorescence (TRF) microplate reader based chemiluminescent (CL) detection for the first time as a novel approach for measurement. Under pulse photo-irradiation, the unique photochemical characteristic of quinones is exploited to liberate reactive oxygen species (ROS) which reacted with photosensitized CL reagent. L-012, luminol analogue, was selected for its high sensitivity. Under our investigation, para-quinones showed high CL response when compared to ortho-quinones. A linear response was obtained for studied quinone concentrations in the range of 0.05-50 μM for 1,4-naphthquinone and of 0.05-150 μM for 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (menadione) and 9,10-anthraquinone with detection limit (blank + 3SD) of 0.01 μM. The proposed method allowed the rapid determination of large number of samples in very short time (96 sample/125 s). The proposed method was successfully applied for determination of menadione in spiked human serum

How does cardiac arrest of traumatic origin affect the prognosis of children?

Objective: To know the outcome of children who suffered from traumatic cardiac arrest (CA) compared to children with other causes of CA, and if there are some differences in both groups regarding to some predictors in children.Methods: Multicentre prospective study in children until 18 years, presenting CA in an emergency prehospital or hospital service. We collected first known rhythm, lactate, pH and PELOD (Paediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction scale) in first 24 hours. We also recorded if there was return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival and POPC (Paediatric Overall Performance Category) at discharge and 6 months. We used Student test, Chi squared test and Fisher test with risk ratio (RR) and its 0.95 confidence interval in case of statistical significance.Results: 27/188 (14.4%) were patients with traumatic CA, 62.6% male. Median age 2.5 years (range 0-17.1) There was no statistical difference in age in both groups, but we found a higher proportion of males in trauma group (88.9% vs 57.1%), p = 0.02, RR 4.9 (1.5-15.7). There were not significant differences regarding to proportion of asystole, lactate, pH or PELOD. We didn’t find any significant differences related to ROSC, sustained ROSC, POPC under 3–better outcome- at discharge or at 6 months. Nevertheless, there was worse survival at discharge in trauma patients, 12% vs 40.3%, p = 0.006, RR 1.5 (1.2-1.8) and at 6 months, 8.3% vs 30.9%, p = 0.24, RR 1.3 (1.1-1.6). Two patients survived at 6 months with POPC under 3.CA of traumatic origin decreases the survival of children at hospital discharge and at 6 months, however some children who suffered traumatic CA achieve a good functional outcome at 6 months.Patients who suffered from traumatic CA didn’t have any differencesin some known prognosis factors (asystole, lactate, pH,PELOD).</p