3D Modelling of an EPB Tunnel Drive in Mixed Geological Formation

Se simulará, mediante un modelo numérico 3D de elementos finitos, el proceso de excavación y construcción del túnel de la Línea 9 del Metro de Barcelona en el entorno de la zona Franca. Se validará el modelo, reproduciendo los movimientos del terreno, en superficie y en profundidad. Se estudiará la interacción del proceso de excavación con edificios cercanos

OFF-PROCESS GUI RENDERING

An application may offload rendering of a graphical user interface (GUI) to an underlying operating system executing at a head unit (e.g., an infotainment system) of a vehicle (e.g., automobile, motorcycle, a bus, a recreational vehicle (RV), a semi-trailer truck, a tractor or other type of farm equipment, a train, a plane, a helicopter, etc.) or a computing device (e.g., a cellular phone, a smartphone, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a portable gaming device, a watch, etc.). The application may invoke functions of an application library that allow the application to generate GUI metadata including a GUI template (e.g., that specifies a predetermined layout) and content for populating the GUI template. The operating system, which may expose an interface (e.g., defined by the application library) for interacting with a display of the head unit or some other display in communication with the head unit, may receive, from the application, the GUI metadata and a token identifying the application. The operating system may then use the GUI metadata and the token to render a corresponding GUI for the application. In this way, the OS may render GUIs for applications in accordance with GUI templates, enabling a consistent look and feel that may, as one example, satisfy safety guidelines

The Gap in Noise Test in 11 and 12-year-old children

BACKGROUND: gap detection in 11 and 12-year-old children. AIM: to investigate temporal resolution through the Gap in Noise test in children of 11 and 12 years in order to establish criteria of normal development. METHOD: participants were 92 children, with ages of 11 and 12 years, enrolled in elementary school, with no evidences of otologic, and/or neurologic, and/or cognitive disorders, as well as with no history of learning difficulties or school failure. Participants Besides that, their hearing thresholds were within normal limits and their verbal recognition in the dichotic test of digits was equal or superior to 95% of hits. All were submitted to the Gap in Noise test. The statistical analysis was performed by non-parametric tests with significance level of 0.05 (5%). RESULTS: the average of the gap thresholds was 5.05ms, and the average percentage of correct answers was 71.70%. There was no significant statistical difference between the responses by age (eleven and twelve years), by ear (right and left), by gender (male and female). However, when comparing the tests, it was observed that the 1st test showed a higher percentage of identifications of gap, statistically significant than the 2nd test. CONCLUSION: in 78.27% of the population of this study, the gap thresholds were up to 5ms, response recommended as normality reference for the age group searched.TEMA: a detecção de gap em crianças de 11 e 12 anos. OBJETIVO: verificar o comportamento da resolução temporal, através do teste gap in noise, em crianças de onze e doze anos, a fim de subsidiar o estabelecimento de critérios de referência de normalidade. MÉTODO: participaram 92 crianças, com idades de 11 e 12 anos, matriculadas no ensino fundamental, sem evidências de doenças otológicas e/ou neurológicas e/ou cognitivas, assim como dificuldades de aprendizagem e histórico de repetência escolar. Ainda, apresentavam limiares audiométricos dentro da normalidade e reconhecimento verbal no teste dicótico de dígitos igual ou superior a 95 % de acertos. Todos foram submetidos ao teste gap in noise. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio de testes não paramétricos com nível de significância de 0,05. RESULTADOS: a média dos limiares de gap foi de 5,05ms e a média da porcentagem de acertos foi de 71,70%. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as respostas por faixa etária (onze e doze anos), por orelha (direita e esquerda) e por gênero (masculino e feminino). No entanto, ao se comparar as faixas-testes, observa-se que a primeira faixa-teste apresentou porcentagem maior de identificações de gap, estatisticamente significante em relação à segunda faixa-teste. CONCLUSÃO: em 78,27% da população deste estudo, os limiares de gap obtidos foram de até 5ms, resposta recomendada como referência de normalidade para a faixa etária pesquisada.Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESP Departamento de FonoaudiologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de FonoaudiologiaSciEL

Evolution of the application and database with aspects

Generally, the evolution process of applications has impact on their underlining data models, thus becoming a time-consuming problem for programmers and database administrators. In this paper we address this problem within an aspect-oriented approach, which is based on a meta-model for orthogonal persistent programming systems. Applying reflection techniques, our meta-model aims to be simpler than its competitors. Furthermore, it enables database multi-version schemas. We also discuss two case studies in order to demonstrate the advantages of our approach

Orthogonal persistence in Java supported by aspect- oriented programming and reflection

The persistence concern implemented as an aspect has been studied since the appearance of the Aspect-Oriented paradigm. Frequently, persistence is given as an example that can be aspectized, but until today no real world solution has applied that paradigm. Such solution should be able to enhance the programmer productivity and make the application less prone to errors. To test the viability of that concept, in a previous study we developed a prototype that implements Orthogonal Persistence as an aspect. This first version of the prototype was already fully functional with all Java types including arrays. In this work the results of our new research to overcome some limitations that we have identified on the data type abstraction and transparency in the prototype are presented. One of our goals was to avoid the Java standard idiom for genericity, based on casts, type tests and subtyping. Moreover, we also find the need to introduce some dynamic data type abilities. We consider that the Reflection is the solution to those issues. To achieve that, we have extended our prototype with a new static weaver that preprocesses the application source code in order to introduce changes to the normal behavior of the Java compiler with a new generated reflective code

An aspect-oriented framework for orthogonal persistence

The life cycle of software applications in general is very short and with extreme volatile requirements. Within these conditions programmers need development tools and techniques with an extreme level of productivity. We consider the code reuse as the most prominent approach to solve that problem. Our proposal uses the advantages provided by the Aspect-Oriented Programming in order to build a reusable framework capable to turn both programmer and application oblivious as far as data persistence is concerned, thus avoiding the need to write any line of code about that concern. Besides the benefits to productivity, the software quality increases. This paper describes the actual state of the art, identifying the main challenge to build a complete and reusable framework for Orthogonal Persistence in concurrent environments with support for transactions. The present work also includes a successfully developed prototype of that framework, capable of freeing the programmer of implementing any read or write data operations. This prototype is supported by an object oriented database and, in the future, will also use a relational database and have support for transactions

Database evolution on an orthogonal persistent programming system: A semi-transparent approach

In this paper the problem of the evolution of an object-oriented database in the context of orthogonal persistent programming systems is addressed. We have observed two characteristics in that type of systems that offer particular conditions to implement the evolution in a semi-transparent fashion. That transparency can further be enhanced with the obliviousness provided by the Aspect-Oriented Programming techniques. Was conceived a meta-model and developed a prototype to test the feasibility of our approach. The system allows programs, written to a schema, access semi-transparently to data in other versions of the schema

MECHANISM FOR CROSS PROCESS COMMUNICATION WITH ANR CHECKING AND AUTOMATIC OBJECT SERIALIZATION

A host and a client may perform inter-process communication (IPC) with automatic object serialization and deserialization and with application not responding (ANR) checking. A sender (e.g., a host process, host application, host device, a client process, client application, client device, etc.) may automatically serialize an object by using reflection (e.g., the ability of a process to examine, introspect, and modify its own structure and behavior) to recursively obtain all fields and corresponding key-value pairs from each layer of the object (as well as any parent object with inheritance). The sender may bundle the fields and key-value pairs and transmit the bundle to a receiver (e.g., the client if the host is the sender, the host if the client is the sender, etc.) via a network. The receiver may examine the bundle and determine the type of the object (e.g., arrays, string classes, interfaces, etc.) based on the fields and/or the key-value pairs stored in the bundle. The receiver may then implement the appropriate process for reconstructing the object from the based on the fields and the corresponding key-pairs. This serialization and deserialization process may be performed for each communication transmitted between the sender and the receiver. Additionally or alternatively, when the sender communicates with the receiver, the sender may send a message via a binder that causes the receiver to send a generic callback to the sender. In some examples, if the sender does not receive the callback before a predetermined period expires (e.g., the call timed-out), the sender may output a notification that the receiver (e.g., the application executing at the receiver) is not responding. In this way, the binder may provide ANR checking that informs the user whether an error has occurred or not

On the far-infrared metallicity diagnostics: applications to high-redshift galaxies

In an earlier paper we modeled the far-infrared emission from a star-forming galaxy using the photoionisation code CLOUDY and presented metallicity sensitive diagnostics based on far-infrared fine structure line ratios. Here, we focus on the applicability of the [OIII]88/[NII]122 microns line ratio as a gas phase metallicity indicator in high redshift submillimetre luminous galaxies. The [OIII]88/[NII]122 microns ratio is strongly dependent on the ionization parameter (which is related to the total number of ionizing photons) as well as the gas electron density. We demonstrate how the ratio of 88/$122 continuum flux measurements can provide a reasonable estimate of the ionization parameter while the availability of the [NII]205 microns line can constrain the electron density. Using the [OIII]88/[NII]122 microns line ratios from a sample of nearby normal and star-forming galaxies we measure their gas phase metallicities and find that their mass metallicity relation is consistent with the one derived using optical emission lines. Using new, previously unpublished, Herschel spectroscopic observations of key far-infrared fine structure lines of the z~3 galaxy HLSW-01 and additional published measurements of far-infrared fine structure lines of high-z submillimetre luminous galaxies we derive gas phase metallicities using their [OIII]88/[NII]122 microns line ratio. We find that the metallicities of these z~3 submm luminous galaxies are consistent with solar metallicities and that they appear to follow the mass-metallicity relation expected for z~3 systems.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, MNRAS in pres