The relation between energy consumption and developed land; a model for the metropolitan area of Barcelona

The study of the developed land and the energy consumption is part of a main project, which objective is the development of a model for the evaluation of the environmental and energy efficiency of the interaction (mobility) and land use structure (called as 'territorial functionality'), applied to the metropolitan area of Barcelona . One of the most important points of the main project is the modeling of energy consumption, and developed land produced by the territorial functionality. This paper presents the calibrations results of econometrics models (log-log) for developed land, and electricity consumption. The used information for those models was; built surface by activity (cadastre), coverings of land uses of Catalonia (CREAF), electric consumption by economic activity (CNAE), meteorological variables, and operating time of activities. The analysis was for the 164 municipalities of the metropolitan area of Barcelona. The electric consumption was analyzed in different categories of activities like as residential, industrial, trade, financial services, hotels, transport, education, public lighting, etc. The artificial area was differentiated in three categories; cadastre surface, streets, and developed land without cadastre. Overall, the results show that the extension of developed land depends (with 0.8 R2) mainly from single-family homes, followed by industrial activities, and finally sport activities. The trade activities induce a contraction of developed land, result that is consistent with agglomeration economies. The different models calibrated for energy consumption show a strong dependence (with R2 between 0.5 and 0.9) first with built surface, and second with other variables such as weather condition in the municipality (minimum temperature in summer), and average operating time of the activities (mean work time, shopping time, etc). Finally, the electric consumption by public lighting depends significantly on the developed land, representing the union between the two dimensions of the study.

The relation between energy consumption and developed land; a model for the metropolitan area of Barcelona

The study of the developed land and the energy consumption is part of a main project, which objective is the development of a model for the evaluation of the environmental and energy efficiency of the interaction (mobility) and land use structure (called as 'territorial functionality'), applied to the metropolitan area of Barcelona . One of the most important points of the main project is the modeling of energy consumption, and developed land produced by the territorial functionality. This paper presents the calibrations results of econometrics models (log-log) for developed land, and electricity consumption. The used information for those models was; built surface by activity (cadastre), coverings of land uses of Catalonia (CREAF), electric consumption by economic activity (CNAE), meteorological variables, and operating time of activities. The analysis was for the 164 municipalities of the metropolitan area of Barcelona. The electric consumption was analyzed in different categories of activities like as residential, industrial, trade, financial services, hotels, transport, education, public lighting, etc. The artificial area was differentiated in three categories; cadastre surface, streets, and developed land without cadastre. Overall, the results show that the extension of developed land depends (with 0.8 R2) mainly from single-family homes, followed by industrial activities, and finally sport activities. The trade activities induce a contraction of developed land, result that is consistent with agglomeration economies. The different models calibrated for energy consumption show a strong dependence (with R2 between 0.5 and 0.9) first with built surface, and second with other variables such as weather condition in the municipality (minimum temperature in summer), and average operating time of the activities (mean work time, shopping time, etc). Finally, the electric consumption by public lighting depends significantly on the developed land, representing the union between the two dimensions of the study

El Método ABN como articulador efectivo de aprendizajes matemáticos en la infancia. Experiencias en profesores y profesoras de ciclo inicial en Chile

Results are presented abut a professional development workshop based on the ABN Method for learning mathematics (N = 27), conducted in Talca, Chile, for Pre-K and Primary in-service teachers (children from 4 to 7 years of age in charge). The workshop is aimed at nursery school teachers and first grade teachers. The ABN Method is based on the significant learning of the decimal number system and on the complete domain of operations and their properties, which are learned and assimilated at the same time by children from the early stages of teaching. The results of the study show that the participation of teachers in the workshop generated significant changes in a set of teachers’ beliefs, as well as a favorable change in the perception regarding the mathematical ability of their students. Finally, teachers report a greater conceptual clarity regarding the sequencing of contents and the purpose of the mathematical activities they perform in the classroom. The results and implications of this workshop are discusse

Determinantes de la competividad de las exportaciones de uva de mesa chilena, 1984-2004

85 p.La industria frutícola chilena ha logrado situarse como una de las más prosperas en la canasta exportadora del país. Las exportaciones de su principal producto, la uva de mesa, ha tenido una evolución altamente favorable, logrando posicionarse como el segundo exportador a nivel mundial. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las determinantes de la competitividad de las exportaciones de uva de mesa chilena, a través de un indicador de ventaja comparativa o de competitividad revelada de los patrones de comercio, los cuales dan una aproximación de las ventajas adquiridas por la uva de mesa respecto de los cinco principales exportadores de uva de mesa del mundo (Italia, Estados Unidos, España, Grecia y Sudáfrica) para el periodo 1984-2004. El índice aplicado fue el de ventaja comparativa revelada de Vollrath (VCRv). El aumento sostenido de las exportaciones de uva de mesa, permitió que el indicador evidenciara una gran mejoría de la competitividad a partir de 1996. Luego se estimó un modelo econométrico que incluyó variables económicas que están influyendo en la competitividad de las exportaciones de uva de mesa chilena. Para esto se definió como variable dependiente el índice nombrado anteriormente, el que fue evaluado de acuerdo a la influencia que pudieran estar ejerciendo las variables independientes tales como: precio de la uva de mesa de Chile (Pu), tipo de cambio real (TCR) y el producto interno bruto (PIB). Este proceso de estimación se realizó a través del método de mínimos cuadrados ponderados y fue utilizado el programa Statistical Product for Service Solutions (SPSS). En el modelo estimado (modelo VCRv) no todas las variables resultaron significativas, excluyendo la variable precio de uva de mesa chilena

Genetic variants in KCNJ11, TCF7L2 and HNF4A are associated with type 2 diabetes, BMI and dyslipidemia in families of Northeastern Mexico: A pilot study

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether genetic markers considered risk factors for metabolic syndromes, including dyslipidemia, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), can be applied to a Northeastern Mexican population. A total of 37 families were analyzed for 63 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and the age, body mass index (BMI), glucose tolerance values and blood lipid levels, including those of cholesterol, low‑density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL (VLDL), high‑density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides were evaluated. Three genetic markers previously associated with metabolic syndromes were identified in the sample population, including KCNJ11, TCF7L2 and HNF4A. The KCNJ11 SNP rs5210 was associated with T2DM, the TCF7L2 SNP rs11196175 was associated with BMI and cholesterol and LDL levels, the TCF7L2 SNP rs12255372 was associated with BMI and HDL, VLDL and triglyceride levels, and the HNF4A SNP rs1885088 was associated with LDL levels (P\u3c0.05)

El Método ABN como articulador efectivo de aprendizajes matemáticos en la infancia: experiencias en profesores y profesoras de ciclo inicial en Chile

Results are presented abut a professional development workshop based on the ABN Method for learning mathematics (N = 27), conducted in Talca, Chile, for Pre-K and Primary in-service teachers (children from 4 to 7 years of age in charge). The workshop is aimed at nursery school teachers and first grade teachers. The ABN Method is based on the significant learning of the decimal number system and on the complete domain of operations and their properties, which are learned and assimilated at the same time by children from the early stages of teaching. The results of the study show that the participation of teachers in the workshop generated significant changes in a set of teachers’ beliefs, as well as a favorable change in the perception regarding the mathematical ability of their students. Finally, teachers report a greater conceptual clarity regarding the sequencing of contents and the purpose of the mathematical activities they perform in the classroom. The results and implications of this workshop are discussed

Discrete-like diffraction dynamics in free space

We introduce a new class of paraxial optical beams exhibiting discrete-like diffraction patterns reminiscent to those observed in periodic evanescently coupled waveguide lattices. It is demonstrated that such paraxial beams are analytically described in terms of generalized Bessel functions. Such effects are elucidated via pertinent examples

Replacement of fish oil with vegetable oil blends in feeds for greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) juveniles: effect on growth performance, feed efficiency, tissue fatty acid composition and flesh nutritional value

[EN] This study was undertaken to assess the effects of fish oil (FO) substitution by a mixture of alternative vegetable oils (VO) on Seriola dumerili culture performance. A 154-day feeding experiment was conducted using juveniles (39.2 +/- 1.6g average weight). Three isolipidic and isoenergetic meal-based diets were formulated varying their lipid component. The control diet contained 100% FO (FO100), whereas diets VO50 and VO100 included 1/2 of oil blend and all the oil from blend of palm oil (PO) and linseed oil (LO) as substitute for FO, respectively. Dietary regime did not significantly affect growth performance, biometric indices, feed efficiency, plasma chemistry and liver and muscle lipid contents. Nonetheless, dietary VO inclusion impacted on the fatty acid profile of target tissues, especially in the liver. Fatty acid profiles of the fillets reflected those of the dietary oils except that there was apparent selective utilization of palmitic acid (C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1n-9) and apparent selective retention of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3). The nutritional value and the potential ability to prevent the development of coronary heart diseases of the flesh lipid fraction decreased with gradual FO substitution.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN), Grant/Award Number: AGL2011-30547-C03-02Monge-Ortiz, R.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Rodriguez-Barreto, D.; Martínez-Llorens, S.; Perez, J.; Jover Cerda, M.; Lorenzo, A. (2018). Replacement of fish oil with vegetable oil blends in feeds for greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) juveniles: effect on growth performance, feed efficiency, tissue fatty acid composition and flesh nutritional value. Aquaculture Nutrition. 24(1):605-615. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12595S605615241Abrami, G., Natiello, F., Bronzi, P., McKenzie, D., Bolis, L., & Agradi, E. (1992). A comparison of highly unsaturated fatty acid levels in wild and farmed eels (Anguilla Anguilla). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, 101(1-2), 79-81. doi:10.1016/0305-0491(92)90161-jAlves Martins, D., Rocha, F., Martínez-Rodríguez, G., Bell, G., Morais, S., Castanheira, F., … Conceição, L. E. C. (2011). Teleost fish larvae adapt to dietary arachidonic acid supply through modulation of the expression of lipid metabolism and stress response genes. British Journal of Nutrition, 108(5), 864-874. doi:10.1017/s0007114511006143Bell, J. G., McEvoy, J., Tocher, D. R., McGhee, F., Campbell, P. J., & Sargent, J. R. (2001). Replacement of Fish Oil with Rapeseed Oil in Diets of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Affects Tissue Lipid Compositions and Hepatocyte Fatty Acid Metabolism. The Journal of Nutrition, 131(5), 1535-1543. doi:10.1093/jn/131.5.1535Bell, J. G., McGhee, F., Campbell, P. J., & Sargent, J. R. (2003). Rapeseed oil as an alternative to marine fish oil in diets of post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): changes in flesh fatty acid composition and effectiveness of subsequent fish oil «wash out». Aquaculture, 218(1-4), 515-528. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(02)00462-3Bell, J. G., & Sargent, J. R. (2003). Arachidonic acid in aquaculture feeds: current status and future opportunities. Aquaculture, 218(1-4), 491-499. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(02)00370-8Bell, J. G., Tocher, D. R., Henderson, R. J., Dick, J. R., & Crampton, V. O. (2003). Altered Fatty Acid Compositions in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Fed Diets Containing Linseed and Rapeseed Oils Can Be Partially Restored by a Subsequent Fish Oil Finishing Diet. The Journal of Nutrition, 133(9), 2793-2801. doi:10.1093/jn/133.9.2793Benedito-Palos, L., Navarro, J. C., Sitjà-Bobadilla, A., Gordon Bell, J., Kaushik, S., & Pérez-Sánchez, J. (2008). High levels of vegetable oils in plant protein-rich diets fed to gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.): growth performance, muscle fatty acid profiles and histological alterations of target tissues. British Journal of Nutrition, 100(5), 992-1003. doi:10.1017/s0007114508966071Benedito-Palos, L., Saera-Vila, A., Calduch-Giner, J.-A., Kaushik, S., & Pérez-Sánchez, J. (2007). Combined replacement of fish meal and oil in practical diets for fast growing juveniles of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.): Networking of systemic and local components of GH/IGF axis. Aquaculture, 267(1-4), 199-212. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.01.011BOURAOUI, L., SÁNCHEZ-GURMACHES, J., CRUZ-GARCIA, L., GUTIÉRREZ, J., BENEDITO-PALOS, L., PÉREZ-SÁNCHEZ, J., & NAVARRO, I. (2010). Effect of dietary fish meal and fish oil replacement on lipogenic and lipoprotein lipase activities and plasma insulin in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture Nutrition, 17(1), 54-63. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00706.xBowyer, J. N., Qin, J. G., Smullen, R. P., Adams, L. R., Thomson, M. J. S., & Stone, D. A. J. (2013). The use of a soy product in juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) feeds at different water temperatures: 1. Solvent extracted soybean meal. Aquaculture, 384-387, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.12.005Bowyer, J. N., Qin, J. G., Smullen, R. P., & Stone, D. A. J. (2012). Replacement of fish oil by poultry oil and canola oil in yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) at optimal and suboptimal temperatures. Aquaculture, 356-357, 211-222. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.05.014Bowyer, J. N., Rout-Pitt, N., Bain, P. A., Stone, D. A. J., & Schuller, K. A. (2012). Dietary fish oil replacement with canola oil up-regulates glutathione peroxidase 1 gene expression in yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 162(4), 100-106. doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.04.002Collins, G. M., Ball, A. S., Qin, J. G., Bowyer, J. N., & Stone, D. A. J. (2012). Effect of alternative lipids and temperature on growth factor gene expression in yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi). Aquaculture Research, 45(7), 1236-1245. doi:10.1111/are.12067Coz-Rakovac, R., Smuc, T., Topic Popovic, N., Strunjak-Perovic, I., Hacmanjek, M., & Jadan, M. (2008). Novel methods for assessing fish blood biochemical data. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 24(1), 77-80. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.01041.xCraig, S. R., Washburn, B. S., & Gatlin, III, D. M. (1999). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 21(3), 249-255. doi:10.1023/a:1007843420128DÍAZ-LÓPEZ, M., PÉREZ, M. J., ACOSTA, N. G., TOCHER, D. R., JEREZ, S., LORENZO, A., & RODRÍGUEZ, C. (2009). Effect of dietary substitution of fish oil byEchiumoil on growth, plasma parameters and body lipid composition in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurataL.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 15(5), 500-512. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2008.00616.xFountoulaki, E., Vasilaki, A., Hurtado, R., Grigorakis, K., Karacostas, I., Nengas, I., … Alexis, M. N. (2009). Fish oil substitution by vegetable oils in commercial diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.); effects on growth performance, flesh quality and fillet fatty acid profile. Aquaculture, 289(3-4), 317-326. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.01.023Gisbert, E., Giménez, G., Fernández, I., Kotzamanis, Y., & Estévez, A. (2009). Development of digestive enzymes in common dentex Dentex dentex during early ontogeny. Aquaculture, 287(3-4), 381-387. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.039Glencross, B. D. (2009). Exploring the nutritional demand for essential fatty acids by aquaculture species. Reviews in Aquaculture, 1(2), 71-124. doi:10.1111/j.1753-5131.2009.01006.xGlencross, B., Blyth, D., Irvin, S., Bourne, N., Campet, M., Boisot, P., & Wade, N. M. (2016). An evaluation of the complete replacement of both fishmeal and fish oil in diets for juvenile Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer. Aquaculture, 451, 298-309. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.09.012Grigorakis, K. (2007). Compositional and organoleptic quality of farmed and wild gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and factors affecting it: A review. Aquaculture, 272(1-4), 55-75. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.062Henderson, R. J. (1996). Fatty acid metabolism in freshwater fish with particular reference to polyunsaturated fatty acids. Archiv für Tierernaehrung, 49(1), 5-22. doi:10.1080/17450399609381859Huang, S. S. Y., Oo, A. N., Higgs, D. A., Brauner, C. J., & Satoh, S. (2007). Effect of dietary canola oil level on the growth performance and fatty acid composition of juvenile red sea bream, Pagrus major. Aquaculture, 271(1-4), 420-431. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.06.004Izquierdo, M. S., Obach, A., Arantzamendi, L., Montero, D., Robaina, L., & Rosenlund, G. (2003). Dietary lipid sources for seabream and seabass: growth performance, tissue composition and flesh quality. Aquaculture Nutrition, 9(6), 397-407. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.2003.00270.xKaushik, S. J., Covès, D., Dutto, G., & Blanc, D. (2004). Almost total replacement of fish meal by plant protein sources in the diet of a marine teleost, the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Aquaculture, 230(1-4), 391-404. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(03)00422-8Khankari, N. K., Bradshaw, P. T., Steck, S. E., He, K., Olshan, A. F., Shen, J., … Gammon, M. D. (2015). Dietary intake of fish, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and survival after breast cancer: A population-based follow-up study on Long Island, New York. Cancer, 121(13), 2244-2252. doi:10.1002/cncr.29329Khaoian, P., Nguyen, H. P., Ogita, Y., Fukada, H., & Masumoto, T. (2014). Taurine supplementation and palm oil substitution in low-fish meal diets for young yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. Aquaculture, 420-421, 219-224. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.11.012Kiessling, K.-H., & Kiessling, A. (1993). Selective utilization of fatty acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) red muscle mitochondria. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71(2), 248-251. doi:10.1139/z93-035Kowalska, A., Zakęś, Z., Siwicki, A. K., Jankowska, B., Jarmołowicz, S., & Demska-Zakęś, K. (2011). Impact of diets with different proportions of linseed and sunflower oils on the growth, liver histology, immunological and chemical blood parameters, and proximate composition of pikeperch Sander lucioperca (L.). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38(2), 375-388. doi:10.1007/s10695-011-9514-zLech, G. P., & Reigh, R. C. (2012). Plant Products Affect Growth and Digestive Efficiency of Cultured Florida Pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) Fed Compounded Diets. PLoS ONE, 7(4), e34981. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034981Lemaire, P., Drai, P., Mathieu, A., Lemaire, S., Carrière, S., Giudicelli, J., & Lafaurie, M. (1991). Changes with different diets in plasma enzymes (GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP) and plasma lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides) of sea-bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture, 93(1), 63-75. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(91)90205-lLin, H., Chen, X., Chen, S., Zhuojia, L., Huang, Z., Niu, J., … Lu, X. (2011). Replacement of fish meal with fermented soybean meal in practical diets for pompanoTrachinotus ovatus. Aquaculture Research, 44(1), 151-156. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.03000.xMazzola, A., Favaloro, E., & Sarà, G. (2000). Cultivation of the Mediterranean amberjack, Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810), in submerged cages in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Aquaculture, 181(3-4), 257-268. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00243-4Menoyo, D., Izquierdo, M. S., Robaina, L., Ginés, R., Lopez-Bote, C. J., & Bautista, J. M. (2004). Adaptation of lipid metabolism, tissue composition and flesh quality in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) to the replacement of dietary fish oil by linseed and soyabean oils. British Journal of Nutrition, 92(1), 41-52. doi:10.1079/bjn20041165Mourente, G., & Bell, J. G. (2006). Partial replacement of dietary fish oil with blends of vegetable oils (rapeseed, linseed and palm oils) in diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) over a long term growth study: Effects on muscle and liver fatty acid composition and effectiveness of a fish oil finishing diet. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 145(3-4), 389-399. doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.08.012Mozanzadeh, M. T., Agh, N., Yavari, V., Marammazi, J. G., Mohammadian, T., & Gisbert, E. (2016). Partial or total replacement of dietary fish oil with alternative lipid sources in silvery-black porgy (Sparidentex hasta). Aquaculture, 451, 232-240. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.09.022Nguyen, H. P., Khaoian, P., Fukada, H., Suzuki, N., & Masumoto, T. (2013). Feeding fermented soybean meal diet supplemented with taurine to yellowtailSeriola quinqueradiataaffects growth performance and lipid digestion. Aquaculture Research, 46(5), 1101-1110. doi:10.1111/are.12267Peng, S., Chen, L., Qin, J. G., Hou, J., Yu, N., Long, Z., … Sun, X. (2008). Effects of replacement of dietary fish oil by soybean oil on growth performance and liver biochemical composition in juvenile black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Aquaculture, 276(1-4), 154-161. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.01.035Pérez, J. A., Rodríguez, C., Bolaños, A., Cejas, J. R., & Lorenzo, A. (2014). Beef tallow as an alternative to fish oil in diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles: Effects on fish performance, tissue fatty acid composition, health and flesh nutritional value. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 116(5), 571-583. doi:10.1002/ejlt.201300457Piedecausa, M. A., Mazón, M. J., García García, B., & Hernández, M. D. (2007). Effects of total replacement of fish oil by vegetable oils in the diets of sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo). Aquaculture, 263(1-4), 211-219. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.09.039Regost, C., Arzel, J., Robin, J., Rosenlund, G., & Kaushik, S. . (2003). Total replacement of fish oil by soybean or linseed oil with a return to fish oil in turbot (Psetta maxima). Aquaculture, 217(1-4), 465-482. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(02)00259-4Richard, N., Mourente, G., Kaushik, S., & Corraze, G. (2006). Replacement of a large portion of fish oil by vegetable oils does not affect lipogenesis, lipid transport and tissue lipid uptake in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Aquaculture, 261(3), 1077-1087. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.07.021Rossi, W., & Davis, D. A. (2012). Replacement of fishmeal with poultry by-product meal in the diet of Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus L. Aquaculture, 338-341, 160-166. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.01.026Ruyter, B., Moya-Falcón, C., Rosenlund, G., & Vegusdal, A. (2006). Fat content and morphology of liver and intestine of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Effects of temperature and dietary soybean oil. Aquaculture, 252(2-4), 441-452. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.07.014Saito, H. (2012). Lipid characteristics of two subtropical Seriola fishes, Seriola dumerili and Seriola rivoliana, with differences between cultured and wild varieties. Food Chemistry, 135(3), 1718-1729. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.122SALES, J., & GLENCROSS, B. (2011). A meta-analysis of the effects of dietary marine oil replacement with vegetable oils on growth, feed conversion and muscle fatty acid composition of fish species. Aquaculture Nutrition, 17(2), e271-e287. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00761.xSARKER, M. S. A., SATOH, S., KAMATA, K., HAGA, Y., & YAMAMOTO, Y. (2011). Partial replacement of fish meal with plant protein sources using organic acids to practical diets for juvenile yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata. Aquaculture Nutrition, 18(1), 81-89. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2011.00880.xSENO-O, A., TAKAKUWA, F., HASHIGUCHI, T., MORIOKA, K., MASUMOTO, T., & FUKADA, H. (2008). Replacement of dietary fish oil with olive oil in young yellowtailSeriola quinqueradiata: effects on growth, muscular fatty acid composition and prevention of dark muscle discoloration during refrigerated storage. Fisheries Science, 74(6), 1297-1306. doi:10.1111/j.1444-2906.2008.01655.xSicuro, B., & Luzzana, U. (2016). The State ofSeriola spp.Other Than Yellowtail (S. quinqueradiata) Farming in the World. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 24(4), 314-325. doi:10.1080/23308249.2016.1187583Simopoulos, A. P. (2008). The Importance of the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio in Cardiovascular Disease and Other Chronic Diseases. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 233(6), 674-688. doi:10.3181/0711-mr-311Simopoulos, A. P. (2011). Importance of the Omega-6/Omega-3 Balance in Health and Disease: Evolutionary Aspects of Diet. Healthy Agriculture, Healthy Nutrition, Healthy People, 10-21. doi:10.1159/000327785Simopoulos, A. (2016). An Increase in the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio Increases the Risk for Obesity. Nutrients, 8(3), 128. doi:10.3390/nu8030128STUBHAUG, I., LIE, Ø., & TORSTENSEN, B. E. (2007). Fatty acid productive value and ?-oxidation capacity in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed on different lipid sources along the whole growth period. Aquaculture Nutrition, 13(2), 145-155. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2007.00462.xTacon, A. G. J., & Metian, M. (2008). Global overview on the use of fish meal and fish oil in industrially compounded aquafeeds: Trends and future prospects. Aquaculture, 285(1-4), 146-158. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.08.015Takakuwa, F., Fukada, H., Hosokawa, H., & Masumoto, T. (2006). Optimum digestible protein and energy levels and ratio for greater amberjack Seriola dumerili (Risso) fingerling. Aquaculture Research, 37(15), 1532-1539. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01590.xTocher, D. R. (2010). Fatty acid requirements in ontogeny of marine and freshwater fish. Aquaculture Research, 41(5), 717-732. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.02150.xTOMAS, A., DE LA GANDARA, F., GARCIA-GOMEZ, A., PEREZ, L., & JOVER, M. (2005). Utilization of soybean meal as an alternative protein source in the Mediterranean yellowtail, Seriola dumerili. Aquaculture Nutrition, 11(5), 333-340. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2005.00365.xTorstensen, B. 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Transcriptional, behavioural and biochemical profiling in the 3xTg-AD mouse model reveals a specific signature of amyloid deposition and functional decline in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related degenerative decline is associated to the presence of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque lesions and neuro fibrillary tangles (NFT). However, the precise molecular mechanisms linking Aβ deposition and neurological decline are still unclear. Here we combine genome-wide transcriptional profiling of the insular cortex of 3xTg-AD mice and control littermates from early through to late adulthood, with behavioural and biochemical profiling in the same animals to identify transcriptional determinants of functional decline specifically associated to build-up of Aβ/NFT deposits. Differential expression analysis revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the cortex long before observed onset of behavioural symptoms in this model. Using behavioural and biochemical data derived from the same mice and samples, we found that down but not up-regulated DEGs show a stronger average association with learning performance than random background genes in control not seen in AD mice. Conversely, these same genes were found to have a stronger association with Aβ deposition than background genes in AD but not in control mice, thereby identifying these genes as potential intermediaries between abnormal Aβ/NFT deposition and functional decline. Using a complementary approach, gene ontology analysis revealed a highly significant enrichment of learning and memory, associative, memory and cognitive functions only among down-regulated, but not up-regulated, DEGs. Our results demonstrate wider transcriptional changes triggered by the abnormal deposition of Aβ/NFT occurring well before behavioural decline and identify a distinct set of genes specifically associated to abnormal Aβ protein deposition and cognitive decline