The Effect of Endurance Training on Pulmonary V˙O2 Kinetics in Solid Organs Transplanted Recipients

BACKGROUND: We investigated the effects of single (SL-ET) and double leg (DL-ET) high-intensity interval training on O2 deficit (O2Def) and mean response time (MRT) during square-wave moderate-intensity exercise (DL-MOD), and on the amplitude of V˙O2p slow component (SCamp), during heavy intensity exercise (DL-HVY), on 33 patients (heart transplant = 13, kidney transplanted = 11 and liver transplanted = 9). METHODS: Patients performed DL incremental step exercise to exhaustion, two DL-MOD tests, and a DL-HVY trial before and after 24 sessions of SL-ET (n = 17) or DL-ET (n = 16). RESULTS: After SL-ET, O2Def, MRT and SCamp decreased by 16.4% ± 13.7 (p = 0.008), by 15.6% ± 13.7 (p = 0.004) and by 35% ± 31 (p = 0.002), respectively. After DL-ET, they dropped by 24.9% ± 16.2 (p < 0.0001), by 25.9% ± 13.6 (p < 0.0001) and by 38% ± 52 (p = 0.0003), respectively. The magnitude of improvement of O2Def, MRT, and SCamp was not significantly different between SL-ET and DL-ET after training. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that SL-ET is as effective as DL-ET if we aim to improve V˙O2p kinetics in transplanted patients and suggest that the slower, V˙O2p kinetics is mainly caused by the impairment of peripherals exchanges likely due to the immunosuppressive medications and disuse

Signatures of Right-Handed Majorana neutrinos and gauge bosons in eγe \gamma Collisions

The process $e^- \gamma \to e^+ W_R^- W_R^-$ is studied in the framework of the Left-Right symmetric model. It is shown that this reaction and $e^- \gamma \to l^+ W_R^- W_R^-$ for the arbitrary final lepton are likely to be discovered for CLIC collider option. For relatively light doubly charged Higgs boson its mass does not have much influence on the discovery potential, while for heavier values the probability of the reaction increases.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, LaTe

A comparative study of bacterioplankton structure in Argentinian Sea waters by the 454-tag pyrosequencing method

International audienceThe present study provides the first information about diversity and abundance of microbial communities in two environments of the Argentinian Sea by the 454 - tag pyrosequencing technique. We observed more than 4,600 unique bacterial sequences from 36,188 tag amplicons, forming 280 phylotypes. In addition, nearly 2,700 unique sequences from more than 47,700 tags identified as Archaea, defined only 5 different phylotypes. The Jaccard distance (0.6 for Bacteria and 0.2 for Archaea) indicated higher differences among Bacteria rather than among Archaea in both studied sites. The dominant phylotypes in marine environment were Bacteroidetes Flavobacteriaceae, Proteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria, Proteobacteria Rhodobacteraceae and Proteobacteria Rickettsiales SAR11; and Pseudoalteromonadaceae Pseudoalteromonas, Proteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria, Proteobacteria Shewanella, Proteobacteria Rickettsiales SAR11 in the estuary sampling site. Archaea Euryarchaeota and Archaea Crenarchaeota were the major archaeal phylotypes found. The most abundant tag sequences included previously characterized taxa, although we also retrieved a large number of highly diverse, low-abundant phylotypes which constitute a largely unexplored "rare" biosphere. These microorganisms could have a crucial ecological rol