2,749 research outputs found
Quantum Field Theory with Null-Fronted Metrics
There is a large class of classical null-fronted metrics in which a free
scalar field has an infinite number of conservation laws. In particular, if the
scalar field is quantized, the number of particles is conserved. However, with
more general null-fronted metrics, field quantization cannot be interpreted in
terms of particle creation and annihilation operators, and the physical meaning
of the theory becomes obscure.Comment: 11 page
Generic Bell inequalities for multipartite arbitrary dimensional systems
We present generic Bell inequalities for multipartite multi-dimensional
systems. The inequalities that any local realistic theories must obey are
violated by quantum mechanics for even-dimensional multipartite systems. A
large set of variants are shown to naturally emerge from the generic Bell
inequalities. We discuss particular variants of Bell inequalities, that are
violated for all the systems including odd-dimensional systems.Comment: Accepted in Phys. Rev. Let
Optimal measurements for relative quantum information
We provide optimal measurement schemes for estimating relative parameters of
the quantum state of a pair of spin systems. We prove that the optimal
measurements are joint measurements on the pair of systems, meaning that they
cannot be achieved by local operations and classical communication. We also
demonstrate that in the limit where one of the spins becomes macroscopic, our
results reproduce those that are obtained by treating that spin as a classical
reference direction.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, published versio
Minimum error discrimination problem for pure qubit states
The necessary and sufficient conditions for minimization of the generalized
rate error for discriminating among pure qubit states are reformulated in
terms of Bloch vectors representing the states. For the direct optimization
problem an algorithmic solution to these conditions is indicated. A solution to
the inverse optimization problem is given. General results are widely
illustrated by particular cases of equiprobable states and pure qubit
states given with different prior probabilities.Comment: English is corrected thanks to PRA edito
Classical world arising out of quantum physics under the restriction of coarse-grained measurements
Conceptually different from the decoherence program, we present a novel
theoretical approach to macroscopic realism and classical physics within
quantum theory. It focuses on the limits of observability of quantum effects of
macroscopic objects, i.e., on the required precision of our measurement
apparatuses such that quantum phenomena can still be observed. First, we
demonstrate that for unrestricted measurement accuracy no classical description
is possible for arbitrarily large systems. Then we show for a certain time
evolution that under coarse-grained measurements not only macrorealism but even
the classical Newtonian laws emerge out of the Schroedinger equation and the
projection postulate.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, second revised and published versio
Multipartite bound entangled states that violate Bell's inequality
We study the relation between distillability of multipartite states and
violation of Bell's inequality. We prove that there exist multipartite bound
entangled states (i.e. non-separable, non-distillable states) that violate a
multipartite Bell inequality. This implies that (i) violation of Bell's
inequality is not a sufficient condition for distillability and (ii) some bound
entangled states cannot be described by a local hidden variable model.Comment: 4 pages, no figure
Collective tests for quantum nonlocality
Pairs of spin-1/2 particles are prepared in a Werner state (namely, a mixture
of singlet and random components). If the random component is large enough, the
statistical results of spin measurements that may be performed on each pair
separately can be reproduced by an algorithm involving local ``hidden''
variables. However, if several such pairs are tested simultaneously, a
violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality may occur, and no local
hidden variable model is compatible with the results.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX, 1 figure on separate pag
Realization of the Optimal Universal Quantum Entangler
We present the first experimental demonstration of the ''optimal'' and
''universal'' quantum entangling process involving qubits encoded in the
polarization of single photons. The structure of the ''quantum entangling
machine'' consists of the quantum injected optical parametric amplifier by
which the contextual realization of the 1->2 universal quantum cloning and of
the universal NOT (U-NOT) gate has also been achieved.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Physical Review
Wigner's little group and Berry's phase for massless particles
The ``little group'' for massless particles (namely, the Lorentz
transformations that leave a null vector invariant) is isomorphic to
the Euclidean group E2: translations and rotations in a plane. We show how to
obtain explicitly the rotation angle of E2 as a function of and we
relate that angle to Berry's topological phase. Some particles admit both signs
of helicity, and it is then possible to define a reduced density matrix for
their polarization. However, that density matrix is physically meaningless,
because it has no transformation law under the Lorentz group, even under
ordinary rotations.Comment: 4 pages revte
Quantum correlation games
A new approach to play games quantum mechanically is proposed. We consider two players who perform measurements in an EPR-type setting. The payoff relations are defined as functions of correlations, i.e. without reference to classical or quantum mechanics. Classical bi-matrix games are reproduced if the input states are classical and perfectly anti-correlated, that is, for a classical correlation game. However, for a quantum correlation game, with an entangled singlet state as input, qualitatively different solutions are obtained. For example, the Prisoners' Dilemma acquires a Nash equilibrium if both players apply a mixed strategy. It appears to be conceptually impossible to reproduce the properties of quantum correlation games within the framework of classical games
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