Мировой опыт создания и функционирования свободных экономических зон и возможности его использования в Украине

Сейчас в мире функционирует, по разным данным, от 400 до 2000 свободных экономических зон. Впервые СЭЗ были созданы в США по акту 1934 г. в виде зон внешней торговли. Целью их была активизация внешнеторговой деятельности посредством использования эффективных механизмов снижения таможенных издержек. При этом главным образом предполагалось сокращение импортных тарифов на детали и компоненты для производства автомобилей. В зоны внешней торговли были превращены склады, доки, аэропорты. Предприятия, действующие в указанных зонах, выводились из-под таможенного контроля в США, если импортируемые в зону товары затем направлялись в третью страну. Таможенные издержки снижались и тогда, когда в зоне осуществлялась "доводка" продукции фирм США для последующего экспорта. Если же товары из зоны шли в США, они в обязательном порядке проходили все таможенные процедуры, предусмотренные законодательством страны

Charge carrier density collapse in La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO_3 and La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO_3 epitaxial thin films

We measured the temperature dependence of the linear high field Hall resistivity of La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO_3 (T_C=232K) and La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO_3 (T_C=345K) thin films in the temperature range from 4K up to 360K in magnetic fields up to 20T. At low temperatures we find a charge carrier density of 1.3 and 1.4 holes per unit cell for the Ca- and Sr-doped compound, respectively. In this temperature range electron-magnon scattering contributes to the longitudinal resistivity. At the ferromagnetic transition temperature T_C a dramatic drop in the number of current carriers $n$ down to 0.6 holes per unit cell, accompanied by an increase in unit cell volume, is observed. Corrections of the Hall data due to a non saturated magnetic state will lead a more pronounced charge carrier density collapse.Comment: 5 pages, 5 EPS figures, submitted to Eur. Phys. J.

Ototoxic reactions of quinine in healthy persons and patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection

Audiometric changes following quinine administration were studied in healthy Caucasian subjects and patients suffering from falciparum malaria disease. Quinine-dihydrochloride was administered intravenously as a single dose of 300 mg to 12 healthy subjects and as multiple doses of 600 mg in 4 h every 8 h in 10 Plasmodium falciparum malaria patients. The hearing function was monitored by conventional and high frequency audiometry. In nine healthy subjects hearing loss was documented at 2-4 h after infusion of Quinine-dihydrochloride at a mean maximal plasma quinine concentration of only 2 mg/l. In one healthy subject a persistent loss occurred of 20 dB at 14 kHz in one ear. In all malaria patients severe hearing losses and adverse effects related to ototoxicity were documented, but all the audiograms had returned to normal after 1 week and side effects disappeared. This study has shown that ototoxicity induced by quinine is almost completely reversible in healthy volunteers and in malaria patient

The exciting migraine brain: towards neurophysiological prediction of migraine attacks

The aim of this thesis was to identify functional biomarkers for migraine attack prediction based on neurophysiological readout parameters. The main focus of this work was on the development of methodologies to measure brain excitability over the migraine cycle, with special emphasis on identifying changes in excitability of the visual system and the occipital cortex. Applying such measures over the course of a migraine cycle could help elucidate factors that initiate the migraine attack, and might lead to better (or better timing of) preventive measures. The research described in this thesis is divided into two parts. The first part reports on the development and application of several methodologies to measure excitability of the visual system including the cortex in migraine patients and a migraine mouse model. The second part consists of two studies employing transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in combination with concurrent electroencephalography (EEG) recordings to provide direct measures of cortical excitability in migraine and epilepsy.LUMC / Geneeskund

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Linewidths and Lineshapes for the Molecular Magnets Fe8 and Mn12

We study theoretically Electron Paramagentic Resonance (EPR) linewidths for single crystals of the molecular magnets Fe$_8$ and Mn$_{12}$ as functions of energy eigenstates $M_s$, frequency, and temperature when a magnetic field along the easy axis is swept at fixed excitation frequency. This work was motivated by recent EPR experiments. To calculate the linewidths, we use density-matrix equations, including dipolar interactions and distributions of the uniaxial anisotropy parameter $D$ and the Land\'{e} $g$ factor. Our calculated linewidths agree well with the experimental data. We also examine the lineshapes of the EPR spectra due to local rotations of the magnetic anisotropy axes caused by defects in samples. Our preliminary results predict that this effect leads to asymmetry in the EPR spectra.Comment: 2001 MMM conferenc

Stretch reflex augmentation by subthreshold TMS is evidence for corticospinal signal integration

Reflex adaptation to environment and task at hand plays a key role in motor control. In search for cortical reflex modulation mechanisms, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been found to augment muscle stretch reflexes as recorded by electromyography (EMG). However, instead of reflecting true integration of efferent sensory with cortical activity, this augmentation can alternatively be explained by spinal summation of the stretch response with TMS induced motor evoked potentials (MEP). The goal of this study was to confirm true peripheral-cortical signal integration by combining muscle reflex responses with timed subthreshold TMS. Mechanically induced ramp-and-hold stretches (duration: 40 ms, velocity: 1.5 rad/s) of the m. flexor carpi radialis were combined with TMS pulses at 96% of active motor threshold applied between 10 ms before and 120 ms after stretch onset with a resolution of 5 to 10 ms. Significant MEP like augmentation of the EMG response was found when TMS was timed to arrive between 60 and 90 ms after stretch onset with a consistent and short delay between estimated TMS arrival time and peak EMG activity of 5 to 10 ms. Timing and nature of muscle stretch reflex activity augmentation by subthreshold TMS reflect supraspinal integration of peripheral sensory afferent with cortical efferent signals as a mechanism of supraspinal reflex adaptation

Electronic, magnetic, and vibrational properties of the molecular magnet Mn4 monomer and dimer

A new type of the single-molecule magnet [Mn_4 O_3 Cl_4 (O_2 CEt)_3(py)_3] forms dimers. Recent magnetic hysteresis measurements on this single-molecular magnet revealed interesting phenomena: an absence of quantum tunneling at zero magnetic field and tunneling before magnetic field reversal. This is attributed to a significant antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between different monomers. To investigate this system, we calculate the electronic structure, magnetic properties, intramolecular and intermolecular exchange interactions using density-functional theory within the generalized-gradient approximation. Our calculations agree with experiment. We also calculate vibrational infrared absorption and Raman scattering intensities for the monomer which can be tested experimentally.Comment: submitted to Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solid

Serial indium-111-labelled IgG biodistribution in rat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a tool to monitor the course and severity of the infection

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Temperature-induced pair correlations in clusters and nuclei

The pair correlations in mesoscopic systems such as $nm$-size superconducting clusters and nuclei are studied at finite temperature for the canonical ensemble of fermions in model spaces with a fixed particle number: i) a degenerate spherical shell (strong coupling limit), ii) an equidistantly spaced deformed shell (weak coupling limit). It is shown that after the destruction of the pair correlations at T=0 by a strong magnetic field or rapid rotation, heating can bring them back. This phenomenon is a consequence of the fixed number of fermions in the canonical ensemble

Visual hypersensitivity in patients treated with anti-calcitonin gene–related peptide (receptor) monoclonal antibodies

Objective: To evaluate the effect of treatment with anti-calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP; receptor) antibodies on visual hypersensitivity in patients with migraine. Background: Increased visual sensitivity can be present both during and outside migraine attacks. CGRP has been demonstrated to play a key role in light-aversive behavior. Methods: In this prospective follow-up study, patients treated for migraine with erenumab (n = 105) or fremanezumab (n = 100) in the Leiden Headache Center were invited to complete a questionnaire on visual sensitivity (the Leiden Visual Sensitivity Scale [L-VISS]), pertaining to both their ictal and interictal state, before starting treatment (T0) and 3 months after treatment initiation (T1). Using a daily e-diary, treatment effectiveness was assessed in weeks 9–12 compared to a 4-week pre-treatment baseline period. L-VISS scores were compared between T0 and T1. Subsequently, the association between the reduction in L-VISS scores and the reduction in monthly migraine days (MMD) was investigated. Results: At 3 months, the visual hypersensitivity decreased, with a decrease in mean ± standard deviation (SD) ictal L-VISS (from 20.1 ± 7.7 to 19.2 ± 8.1, p = 0.042) and a decrease in mean ± SD interictal L-VISS (from 11.8 ± 6.6 to 11.1 ± 7.0, p = 0.050). We found a positive association between the reduction in MMD and the decrease in interictal L-VISS (β = 0.2, p = 0.010) and the reduction in ictal L-VISS (β = 0.3, p = 0.001). Conclusion: A decrease in visual hypersensitivity in patients with migraine after treatment with anti-CGRP (receptor) antibodies is positively associated with clinical response on migraine.</p