ANÁLISE DOS POLUENTES ATMOSFÉRICOS NO2 E O3 VIA AMOSTRADORES PASSIVOS DE BAIXO CUSTO

O uso de equipamentos que monitorem a concentração de poluentes pode contribuir para prevenção de possíveis danos à saúde humana. Esse trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de amostradores passivos de baixo custo para a determinação dos poluentes NO2 e O3 no campus Alto Paraopeba, através da análise fatorial e superfície de resposta. Os amostradores foram construídos em placas de Petri com filtros de papel contendo diferentes soluções absorvedoras para cada tipo de gás monitorado. Os amostradores de NO2 foram expostos no refeitório da Universidade e os amostradores de O3 foram expostos na sala de máquinas fotocopiadoras. Nos amostradores foram usadas diferentes quantidades de solução absorvedora e, também, diferentes tempos de exposição. Os resultados mostraram que a melhor condição para o NO2 foi obtida com 4,6 mL de solução absorvedora e no tempo de 68 horas de exposição. Nessas condições, a concentração de NO2 no Restaurante Universitário foi de 10,5 µg/m3. Para o ozônio, as concentrações variaram entre 4,2 µg/m3 e 40 µg/m3, e a melhor condição (3 mL de solução absorvedora e tempo de 77 horas) está localizada no ponto sela e não na região ótima do gráfico. Isso ocorre devido ao fato do ozônio se decompor rapidamente a oxigênio. Os amostradores passivos apresentaram resultados satisfatórios e recomenda-se seu uso como uma alternativa de baixo custo para o monitoramento de NO2 e O3 no Restaurante Universitário e sala de Fotocopiadoras.  ABSTRACTThe use of equipment that monitors the concentration of pollutants can contribute to the prevention of possible damages to human health. This work is to develop inexpensive passive samplers for the determination of NO2 and O3 pollution in the campus Alto Paraopeba beyond the optimization of analytical methods by software that provides a complete environment for data analysis; by factor analysis and response surface generated by it. The samplers were constructed on Petri dishes with paper filter containing different absorbing solutions according to each monitored gas. The samplers were exposed to NO2 at university restaurant and others samplers were exposed to O3 at the photocopier room of the campus. In samplers were used different amounts of absorber solution and also different exposure times. The results showed that the best condition for NO2 was obtained with 4.6 mL of absorbing solution in time of 68 hours exposure. Under these conditions, the concentration of NO2 in the university restaurant was 10.5 µg/m3. For ozone, the concentrations ranged from 4.2 µg/m3 and 40 µg/m3, and the best condition (3 mL absorbing solution and time of 77 hours) is located at saddle point and not at the optimal region of the graph. This is because ozone has rapidly decomposes to oxygen. Passive samplers presented satisfactory results and it is recommended to use them as a low cost alternative for the monitoring of NO2 and O3 in the University Restaurant and Photocopiers room

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora