Looking inside non-coding chloroplast regions of <i>Calophyllum brasiliense</i> Calophyllaceae) to understand its southernmost population distribution

In recent years the growing interest in the conservation of Paraná River’s riparian forest led to the discovery of botanical novelties for Argentina. Populations of Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. (Calophyllaceae), a typically flooded lowlands species, were identified in the remaining hygrophile forest of northeast Argentina and southeast Paraguay. Deforestation and flooding, due to the construction of dams, have caused these populations to suffer intensive fragmentation. The aim of this work was to infer phylogeographic relationships among five populations of C. brasiliense, three from Argentina and two from Paraguay, which represent the southernmost points of species’ distribution. We also compared them with samples of a C. brasiliense population from Mexico, the northernmost edge of the species distribution. The chloroplast intergenic spacers petG-trnP, psbJ-petA and the trnL-UAA chloroplast intron were amplified from leaves’ DNA. A total of 2234 bp were characterized once the three regions were analyzed. The three chloroplast regions showed nucleotide differences, represented by InDels, inversions and a few SNPs; however, only the trnL intron was selected for further phylogeographic analysis due to the amount of the information obtained for all populations. Based on trnL intron, it was possible to estimate nucleotide and haplotype diversity (π = 0.00237 and Hd = 0.29600, respectively). Three haplotypes were identified, which allowed Argentinean, Paraguayan and Mexican populations to be differentiated. Based on the three haplotypes found, we discuss and propose a model for a C. brasiliense’ geographic dispersion and historical colonization routes, including an alternative new one to the well-known of the Paraná River.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoLaboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiv

Assessment of genetic differentiation among relict populations of Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. (Calophyllaceae) from Northeast Argentina

Calophyllum brasiliense is a tropical tree that grows exclusively in riparian forest and in almost permanently flooded areas. In Argentina two small populations located within riparian forest from Misiones and Corrientes Provinces have been recently identified. These riparian communities have been extensively fragmented and are at risk of local extinction due to flooding caused by a nearby dam and other anthropogenic changes that threaten this habitat. Genetic characterization using information from 56 RAPD loci revealed low expected heterozygosity in both populations (He = 0.273). Most genetic variability was distributed within populations, and a significant ϕST statistic value (0.283, p<0.05) showed the existence of a large genetic differentiation between them. Furthermore, the SGS analysis revealed a nonrandom distribution of genotypes in Misiones? population. Although these populations could have belonged to a large and continuous forest in the past, the process of habitat fragmentation may have favoured the divergence between them; sufficient time has passed to cause their genetic differentiation. As these populations represent the new southernmost species distribution, the genetic information obtained in this study should be analyzed in conjunction with ecological evaluations in order to develop management strategies that can ensure its conservation.Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiv

Assessment of genetic differentiation among relict populations of Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. (Calophyllaceae) from Northeast Argentina

Calophyllum brasiliense is a tropical tree that grows exclusively in riparian forest and in almost permanently flooded areas. In Argentina two small populations located within riparian forest from Misiones and Corrientes Provinces have been recently identified. These riparian communities have been extensively fragmented and are at risk of local extinction due to flooding caused by a nearby dam and other anthropogenic changes that threaten this habitat. Genetic characterization using information from 56 RAPD loci revealed low expected heterozygosity in both populations (He = 0.273). Most genetic variability was distributed within populations, and a significant ϕST statistic value (0.283, p<0.05) showed the existence of a large genetic differentiation between them. Furthermore, the SGS analysis revealed a nonrandom distribution of genotypes in Misiones? population. Although these populations could have belonged to a large and continuous forest in the past, the process of habitat fragmentation may have favoured the divergence between them; sufficient time has passed to cause their genetic differentiation. As these populations represent the new southernmost species distribution, the genetic information obtained in this study should be analyzed in conjunction with ecological evaluations in order to develop management strategies that can ensure its conservation.Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiv

Screening chloroplast regions in Calophyllum brasiliense (Calophyllaceae) for suitability for population genetic analyses

The uniparental inheritance and conserved structure of the chloroplast genome among many angiosperms makes it suitable for constructing gene lineages and inferring population histories based on these relationships. However, the analysis of a single chloroplast region to solve population issues has not yielded the desired amount of variability due to the low mutation rate. Therefore, it is necessary to screen and carefully analyze chloroplast intergenic or intronic regions to select the most appropriate for studying the genetic variability in the chloroplast genome of a particular taxon. In this context, the aim of this work was to characterize 8 regions in Calophyllum brasiliense using 11 selected primer pairs and to evaluate their usefulness for phylogeographic analysis. Intergenic spacers petA-psbJ, petG-trnP and rpl32-trnL and the trnL intron demonstrated potentially informative sites. The combination of these 4 regions will allow the analysis of genetic population structure and the integration of historical aspects to inform strategies for conserving C. brasiliense, especially for highly impacted populations and those at risk of local extinction.Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiv

Screening chloroplast regions in Calophyllum brasiliense (Calophyllaceae) for suitability for population genetic analyses

The uniparental inheritance and conserved structure of the chloroplast genome among many angiosperms makes it suitable for constructing gene lineages and inferring population histories based on these relationships. However, the analysis of a single chloroplast region to solve population issues has not yielded the desired amount of variability due to the low mutation rate. Therefore, it is necessary to screen and carefully analyze chloroplast intergenic or intronic regions to select the most appropriate for studying the genetic variability in the chloroplast genome of a particular taxon. In this context, the aim of this work was to characterize 8 regions in Calophyllum brasiliense using 11 selected primer pairs and to evaluate their usefulness for phylogeographic analysis. Intergenic spacers petA-psbJ, petG-trnP and rpl32-trnL and the trnL intron demonstrated potentially informative sites. The combination of these 4 regions will allow the analysis of genetic population structure and the integration of historical aspects to inform strategies for conserving C. brasiliense, especially for highly impacted populations and those at risk of local extinction.Fil: Percuoco, Cecilia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Gimenez, Lucas Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Talavera Stefani, Liliana Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Crisci, Jorge Victor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Argüelles, Carina Francisca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentin

Looking inside non-coding chloroplast regions of calophyllum brasiliense (calophyllaceae) to understand its southernmost population distribution

In recent years the growing interest in the conservation of Paraná River’s riparian forest led to the discovery of botanical novelties for Argentina. Populations of Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. (Calophyllaceae), a typically flooded lowlands species, were identified in the remaining hygrophile forest of northeast Argentina and southeast Paraguay. Deforestation and flooding, due to the construction of dams, have caused these populations to suffer intensive fragmentation. The aim of this work was to infer phylogeographic relationships among five populations of C. brasiliense, three from Argentina and two from Paraguay, which represent the southernmost points of species’ distribution. We also compared them with samples of a C. brasiliense population from Mexico, the northernmost edge of the species distribution. The chloroplast intergenic spacers petG-trnP, psbJ-petA and the trnL-UAA chloroplast intron were amplified from leaves’ DNA. A total of 2234 bp were characterized once the three regions were analyzed. The three chloroplast regions showed nucleotide differences, represented by InDels, inversions and a few SNPs; however, only the trnL intron was selected for further phylogeographic analysis due to the amount of the information obtained for all populations. Based on trnL intron, it was possible to estimate nucleotide and haplotype diversity (π = 0.00237 and Hd = 0.29600, respectively). Three haplotypes were identified, which allowed Argentinean, Paraguayan and Mexican populations to be differentiated. Based on the three haplotypes found, we discuss and propose a model for a C. brasiliense’ geographic dispersion and historical colonization routes, including an alternative new one to the well-known of the Paraná River.Fil: Percuoco, Cecilia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Talavera Stefani, Liliana Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Manuela Edith. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: González, Naiké Lucía. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Crivello, Juan Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Crisci, Jorge Victor. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiva; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Argüelles, Carina Francisca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentin

Assessment of genetic differentiation among relict populations of calophyllum brasiliense camb. (calophyllaceae) from northeast Argentina

Calophyllum brasiliense is a tropical tree that grows exclusively in riparian forest and in almost permanently flooded areas. In Argentina two small populations located within riparian forest from Misiones and Corrientes Provinces have been recently identified. These riparian communities have been extensively fragmented and are at risk of local extinction due to flooding caused by a nearby dam and other anthropogenic changes that threaten this habitat. Genetic characterization using information from 56 RAPD loci revealed low expected heterozygosity in both populations (He = 0.273). Most genetic variability was distributed within populations, and a significant ϕST statistic value (0.283, p<0.05) showed the existence of a large genetic differentiation between them. Furthermore, the SGS analysis revealed a nonrandom distribution of genotypes in Misiones? population. Although these populations could have belonged to a large and continuous forest in the past, the process of habitat fragmentation may have favoured the divergence between them; sufficient time has passed to cause their genetic differentiation. As these populations represent the new southernmost species distribution, the genetic information obtained in this study should be analyzed in conjunction with ecological evaluations in order to develop management strategies that can ensure its conservation.Fil: Percuoco, Cecilia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Bich, Gustavo Angel. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Cs.exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Genetica; ArgentinaFil: Talavera Stefani, Liliana Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Cardozo, Alicia Elba. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, Manuela Edith. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: González, Naiké Lucía. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Sorol, Claudia Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Crivello, Juan Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Crisci, Jorge Victor. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiva; ArgentinaFil: Argüelles, Carina Francisca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentin