Delinquency in Portugal - numbers, explanations and challenges to intervention

Introdução: A delinquência juvenil em Portugal constitui um fenómeno com uma expressão social global moderada, suscitando, contudo, preocupações relevantes do ponto de vista psicossocial, jurídico-legal e de segurança. A monitorização da sua prevalência e manifestações, a compreensão das condições em que ocorre, a eficácia da sua prevenção e a adequação das formas de intervenção são questões de debate entre as entidades competentes. Metodologia: Este painel reúne diferentes especialistas, com experiência na investigação e avaliação do fenómeno, junto da população jovem em contexto escolar, de grupos de risco e dos jovens com medidas tutelares educativas aplicadas, nomeadamente a medida de internamento. Resultados: Fazendo-se uma breve caraterização do fenómeno nos três grupos populacionais referidos, são apresentadas e discutidas as medidas atualmente aplicadas e a sua adequação ao perfil de necessidades destes jovens. Conclusões: A elevada prevalência de jovens em risco ou em situação de desproteção entre aqueles que cometem crimes permite constatar a sobreposição e continuidade dos fatores de risco e a necessidade de intervenção nos mesmos, assim como de adequação das medidas de proteção e de promoção dos direitos para correção das trajetórias desviantes, a montante do cometimento do crime, e de acompanhamento psicossocial, a jusante.introduction: Juvenile delinquency in Portugal is, generally speaking, a phenomenon with a moderate social expression, arousing, however, relevant concerns both from psychosocial and legal points of view, as well as from a security perspective. Monitoring its prevalence and manifestations, understanding the conditions in which it occurs and the effectiveness of intervention are issues of debate between the competent authorities. methodology: This panel brings together experts with experience in research and evaluation of this phenomenon, among young people in schools, risk groups and young people subject to juvenile court proceedings, particularly, internment measures. results: After a brief characterization of the phenomenon in these three population groups, we discuss legal and psychosocial intervention and their appropriateness to the profile of needs of these youngsters. conclusions: The high prevalence of young people at risk between those who commit crimes allows us to verify the overlap and continuity of the same risk factors and the need to effectively intervene early in the life course, as well as the need for appropriate protective measures to correct deviant paths before the commission of crime and, after having been committed, the need for psychosocial supportCIEC - Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, IE, UMinho (UI 317 da FCT), Portugal; Fundos Nacionais através da FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) e cofinanciado pelo Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) através do COMPETE 2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) com a referência POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007562info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora