Histopathology diagnosis of neoplasms in the reproductive tract of female dogs and cats at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of San Marcos University (2007-2015)

El objetivo del presente estudio retrospectivo fue determinar la frecuencia de neoplasias del aparato reproductivo de caninos y felinos hembras según los registros histopatológicos del Laboratorio de Patología Animal de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (periodo 2007-2015), evaluando datos sobre raza, edad, localización anatómica y diagnóstico histopatológico. La frecuencia de neoplasias del aparato reproductor de hembras caninos fue de 5.99 ± 1.16% IC95% (96/1603) y para felinos fue de 4.41 ± 4.88% IC95% (3/68). En caninos, la mayor frecuencia se presentó en razas puras (60.22 ± 9.95%), en canes entre 8 a 12 años (43.75 ± 9.92%) y mayormente en la zona vulvar (37.50 ± 9.68%). La neoplasia más frecuente en el ovario fue el tumor de células de la granulosa (47.6 ± 21.4%), en útero fue el leiomioma (50.0 ± 40.0%) y en vulva y vagina fue el tumor venéreo transmisible (39.4 ± 16.7%). En felinos se encontraron dos disgerminomas en ovarios y un fibroadenoma polipoide en útero.The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the frequency of tumors in the reproductive organs of female canines and felines, based on histopathological records of the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the National University of San Marcos (period 2007- 2015), and to correlate breed, age and anatomical site with the histopathological diagnosis. The frequency of neoplasia in the canine reproductive organs was 5.99 ± 1.16% IC95% and in feline was 4.41 ± 4.88%. In bitches, tumors were most often found in pure breeds (60.22 ± 9.95%), between 8 to 12 years (43.75 ± 9.92%) and mostly in the vulvar area (37.50 ± 9.68). The most common tumor in the ovary was the tumor of granulosa cells (47.6 ± 21.4%), while in uterus was leiomyoma (50.0 ± 40.0%) and in the vulva and vagina was the transmissible venereal tumor (39.4 ± 16.7%). In cats two dysgerminomas in ovaries and one polypoid fibro-adenoma in uterus was found

Cultura ciclística urbana y su influencia en la eficiencia en la ciclovía de la Av. Universitaria, Lima 2022. Caso de estudios: tramo avenida Marañón – avenida Los Alisos, Sector 4, Distrito Los Olivos

La presente investigación se ve orientada a la cultura ciclística urbana y su influencia en la eficiencia de la ciclovía de la Avenida Universitaria, ya que actualmente existen muchos medios de transporte, pero un medio sostenible y saludable que beneficia al medio ambiente es la bicicleta, por ende, se ve en necesidad de que este tema pueda ser de mucha utilidad, desde los derechos, deberes, costumbres, etc., hasta el mantenimiento que se le debe brindar a la ciclovía. Como objetivo general tenemos determinar de qué manera la cultura ciclística urbana influye en la participación de la municipalidad, los pobladores y el ciclista del sector 4 de los Olivos, ya que la mala cultura ciclística urbana perjudica la utilidad de la ciclovía y la buena cultura ciclística urbana, beneficia al uso de la ciclovía. Mucho de los resultados obtenidos fueron recopilados de la población del sector 4 del distrito de los Olivos y por especialistas relacionados al tema, además de utilizar distintos métodos de recolección de datos

MADRES POSITIVAS A Cryptosporidium parvum COMO FACTOR DE RIESGO PARA LA PRESENTACIÓN DEL PATÓGENO EN CRÍAS DE ALPACAS CON DIARREA

The aim of the study was to establish whether the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum in the dam is a risk factor for the presentation of the pathogen in the baby alpaca. The study included 698 alpaca dams and their offspring less than 30 days of age. The sampling took place from January till March 2007 in the localities of La Raya, Choquecota, Chillihua, Maranganí and Silli in Canchis province, Cusco, Peru. Fecal samples were collected from the rectum, processed using the Modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain and observed by microscopy. Risk analysis was done through logistic regressions. Results showed that a baby alpaca born from a positive dam to C. parvum was 2.1 times more likely to get infected with the parasite as compared with others born from a negative dam (p<0.05). Likewise, sex and presence of diarrhea were not significant, whereas place of breeding showed to be a protection factor for newborns in peasant communities as compared to those born in experimental station farms.El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar si la presencia de Cryptosporidium parvum en las madres constituye un factor de riesgo para la presentación del patógeno en las crías de alpacas. Se trabajó con 698 alpacas y sus crías menores de 30 días de edad, entre enero y marzo de 2007, en las localidades de la Raya, Choquecota, Chillihua, Maranganí y Silli, provincia de Canchis, departamento del Cusco, Perú. El diagnóstico de Cryptosporidium se realizó en muestras de heces tomadas del recto y analizadas al microscopio empleando la tinción de Ziehl-Neelsen Modificado. Los análisis de riesgo se realizaron mediante una regresión logística. Se encontró que una cría con madre positiva a C. parvum tiene 2.1 veces más riesgo de infectarse con el parásito que una cría con madre negativa a este patógeno (p<0.05); asimismo, las variables sexo y presencia de diarrea no fueron significativas, en tanto que la variable lugar de crianza fue un factor de protección (p<0.009) para las crías pertenecientes a las comunidades en relación a las crías en granjas experimentale

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Sobreduración y situación académica de los ingresantes a la Escuela Profesional de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos en el periodo 2004-2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the excessive duration of the study program and the academic situation of the entrants of the Professional School of Veterinary Medicine (EPMV) of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. The study followed up on entrants between 2004 and 2013, whether or not they had completed their studies. The formal graduation time was established at seven years (formal excess duration index = 1.0) and the time for timely graduation at eight years (timely excess time index = 1.0). By 2022, 78% of entrants had completed their studies, 21% had dropped out, and 42% had a professional degree. The average time from entry to obtaining the professional degree was 10.1 years. The formal excess duration rate was 1.45, so graduates needed 45% more time (about 3 years) to achieve their degree, while the timely excess duration rate was only 1.27. In conclusion, there is a low percentage of graduates graduated from the EPMV.El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la sobreduración del programa de estudio y la situación académica de los ingresantes de la Escuela Profesional de Medicina Veterinaria (EPMV) de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. El estudio realizó el seguimiento de los ingresantes entre 2004 y 2013, hayan o no culminado los estudios. El tiempo de titulación formal fue establecido en siete años (Índice de sobreduración formal = 1.0) y el tiempo de titulación oportuna en ocho años (Índice de sobreduración oportuna = 1.0). Para 2022, 78% de los ingresantes culminaron sus estudios, el 21% había abandonado los estudios y el 42% contaba con título profesional. El tiempo promedio desde el ingreso hasta la obtención del título profesional fue de 10.1 años. El índice de sobreduración formal fue de 1.45, por lo que, los egresados necesitaron 45% más tiempo (cerca de 3 años) para lograr su titulación, en tanto que el índice de sobreduración oportuna fue solo de 1.27. En conclusión, se registra un bajo porcentaje de egresados titulados en la EPMV

Primary urinary bladder haemangiosarcoma in a captive saddleback tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis)

Background A captive adult male saddleback tamarin, Saguinus fuscicollis, was lethargic, unresponsive to its surrounding and died before medical care.Methods Necroscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed.Results Neoplastic spindle cells of the urinary bladder were positive for anti-factor VIII antibody.Conclusion A primary urinary bladder haemangiosarcoma was diagnosed, and it has not been previously reported in non-human primates.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

GWAS and meta-analysis identifies 49 genetic variants underlying critical COVID-19

Data availability: Downloadable summary data are available through the GenOMICC data site (https://genomicc.org/data). Summary statistics are available, but without the 23andMe summary statistics, except for the 10,000 most significant hits, for which full summary statistics are available. The full GWAS summary statistics for the 23andMe discovery dataset will be made available through 23andMe to qualified researchers under an agreement with 23andMe that protects the privacy of the 23andMe participants. For further information and to apply for access to the data, see the 23andMe website (https://research.23andMe.com/dataset-access/). All individual-level genotype and whole-genome sequencing data (for both academic and commercial uses) can be accessed through the UKRI/HDR UK Outbreak Data Analysis Platform (https://odap.ac.uk). A restricted dataset for a subset of GenOMICC participants is also available through the Genomics England data service. Monocyte RNA-seq data are available under the title ‘Monocyte gene expression data’ within the Oxford University Research Archives (https://doi.org/10.5287/ora-ko7q2nq66). Sequencing data will be made freely available to organizations and researchers to conduct research in accordance with the UK Policy Framework for Health and Social Care Research through a data access agreement. Sequencing data have been deposited at the European Genome–Phenome Archive (EGA), which is hosted by the EBI and the CRG, under accession number EGAS00001007111.Extended data figures and tables are available online at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06034-3#Sec21 .Supplementary information is available online at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06034-3#Sec22 .Code availability: Code to calculate the imputation of P values on the basis of SNPs in linkage disequilibrium is available at GitHub (https://github.com/baillielab/GenOMICC_GWAS).Acknowledgements: We thank the members of the Banco Nacional de ADN and the GRA@CE cohort group; and the research participants and employees of 23andMe for making this work possible. A full list of contributors who have provided data that were collated in the HGI project, including previous iterations, is available online (https://www.covid19hg.org/acknowledgements).Change history: 11 July 2023: A Correction to this paper has been published at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06383-z. -- In the version of this article initially published, the name of Ana Margarita Baldión-Elorza, of the SCOURGE Consortium, appeared incorrectly (as Ana María Baldion) and has now been amended in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.Copyright © The Author(s) 2023, Critical illness in COVID-19 is an extreme and clinically homogeneous disease phenotype that we have previously shown1 to be highly efficient for discovery of genetic associations2. Despite the advanced stage of illness at presentation, we have shown that host genetics in patients who are critically ill with COVID-19 can identify immunomodulatory therapies with strong beneficial effects in this group3. Here we analyse 24,202 cases of COVID-19 with critical illness comprising a combination of microarray genotype and whole-genome sequencing data from cases of critical illness in the international GenOMICC (11,440 cases) study, combined with other studies recruiting hospitalized patients with a strong focus on severe and critical disease: ISARIC4C (676 cases) and the SCOURGE consortium (5,934 cases). To put these results in the context of existing work, we conduct a meta-analysis of the new GenOMICC genome-wide association study (GWAS) results with previously published data. We find 49 genome-wide significant associations, of which 16 have not been reported previously. To investigate the therapeutic implications of these findings, we infer the structural consequences of protein-coding variants, and combine our GWAS results with gene expression data using a monocyte transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) model, as well as gene and protein expression using Mendelian randomization. We identify potentially druggable targets in multiple systems, including inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).GenOMICC was funded by Sepsis Research (the Fiona Elizabeth Agnew Trust), the Intensive Care Society, a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship (to J.K.B., 223164/Z/21/Z), the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC), Illumina, LifeArc, the Medical Research Council, UKRI, a BBSRC Institute Program Support Grant to the Roslin Institute (BBS/E/D/20002172, BBS/E/D/10002070 and BBS/E/D/30002275) and UKRI grants MC_PC_20004, MC_PC_19025, MC_PC_1905 and MRNO2995X/1. A.D.B. acknowledges funding from the Wellcome PhD training fellowship for clinicians (204979/Z/16/Z), the Edinburgh Clinical Academic Track (ECAT) programme. This research is supported in part by the Data and Connectivity National Core Study, led by Health Data Research UK in partnership with the Office for National Statistics and funded by UK Research and Innovation (grant MC_PC_20029). Laboratory work was funded by a Wellcome Intermediate Clinical Fellowship to B.F. (201488/Z/16/Z). We acknowledge the staff at NHS Digital, Public Health England and the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre who provided clinical data on the participants; and the National Institute for Healthcare Research Clinical Research Network (NIHR CRN) and the Chief Scientist’s Office (Scotland), who facilitate recruitment into research studies in NHS hospitals, and to the global ISARIC and InFACT consortia. GenOMICC genotype controls were obtained using UK Biobank Resource under project 788 funded by Roslin Institute Strategic Programme Grants from the BBSRC (BBS/E/D/10002070 and BBS/E/D/30002275) and Health Data Research UK (HDR-9004 and HDR-9003). UK Biobank data were used in the GSMR analyses presented here under project 66982. The UK Biobank was established by the Wellcome Trust medical charity, Medical Research Council, Department of Health, Scottish Government and the Northwest Regional Development Agency. It has also had funding from the Welsh Assembly Government, British Heart Foundation and Diabetes UK. The work of L.K. was supported by an RCUK Innovation Fellowship from the National Productivity Investment Fund (MR/R026408/1). J.Y. is supported by the Westlake Education Foundation. SCOURGE is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (COV20_00622 to A.C., PI20/00876 to C.F.), European Union (ERDF) ‘A way of making Europe’, Fundación Amancio Ortega, Banco de Santander (to A.C.), Cabildo Insular de Tenerife (CGIEU0000219140 ‘Apuestas científicas del ITER para colaborar en la lucha contra la COVID-19’ to C.F.) and Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (PIFIISC20/57 to C.F.). We also acknowledge the contribution of the Centro National de Genotipado (CEGEN) and Centro de Supercomputación de Galicia (CESGA) for funding this project by providing supercomputing infrastructures. A.D.L. is a recipient of fellowships from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)-Brazil (309173/2019-1 and 201527/2020-0)