Power-Sharing as a European Formula for Political Stability? Recommendations for Bosnia and Herzegovina

The article argues that power-sharing mechanisms for multi-ethnic societies are a great mark “made in Europe” that has preserved peace and stability. It starts by defining the concepts of federation and power-sharing. Subsequently, it explores the main challenges and solutions for power-sharing and political stability in deeply divided societies in the European context. The article concludes with three recommendations that could promote political stability in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Interest Rate Swaps

Interest rates changes have a huge impact on the business performance. Therefore, it is of great importance for the market participants to identify and adequately manage this risk. Financial derivatives are a relatively simple way of protection from adverse changes in interest rates. Interest rate swaps are particularly popular because they reduce interest rate risk to a minimum with a relatively low initial cost and without great risk, but also because of the fact that there are many modifications of the standard swap created to better satisfy the different needs of market players

Power-Sharing as a European Formula for Political Stability? Recommendations for Bosnia and Herzegovina

The article argues that power-sharing mechanisms for multi-ethnic societies are a great mark “made in Europe” that has preserved peace and stability. It starts by defining the concepts of federation and power-sharing. Subsequently, it explores the main challenges and solutions for power-sharing and political stability in deeply divided societies in the European context. The article concludes with three recommendations that could promote political stability in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Povezanost dimenzije sna i teorije o junačkom putovanju u "Srcu tame" Josepha Conrada

The goal of this paper will be to determine in what manner the archetype of the hero’s journey, as explained by Joseph Campbell, intertwines with the dream dimension and how much influence the environments and literary tropes that are characteristic for dreams in literature have on Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. Additionally, through the analysis of these elements, the paper will also touch upon some of the basic themes connected to the whole of Conrad’s opus, such as his overall pessimistic world-view, the decay of morality in characters who are separated from civilization, and, as a conclusion, present the results of the protagonist’s adventures while drawing parallels to the rest of Conrad’s works

Strategies of forming discourse about everyday life in the literary culture of the 18th century Slavonia

Polazeći od suvremenih kulturološki usmjerenih pravaca znanosti o književnosti – književne antropologije i novog historizma – u ovome se radu istražuje korpus slavonske književnosti, tj. slavonske književne kulture 18. stoljeća. Uzimajući u obzir njezin (nad)nacionalni i regionalni književnokulturni identitet pozornost je usmjerena na najdominantniji tip književne produkcije toga razdoblja, a to su nabožni žanrovi. Središte rada čini analiza osam žanrova: katekizma (M. A. Relković, A. Kanižlić, I. Grličić, Đ. Rapić, J. Lipovčić, E. Pavić, A. Bačić, A. J. Turković, J. Mulih, I. Velikanović), hagiografskog spjeva (A. J. Turković), propovijedi (Đ. Rapić), lekcionara (M. Lanosović), prijevoda pojedinih dijelova Svetog pisma (A. Ivanošić), molitvenika (A. Kanižlić), prijevoda iz crkvenih otaca (J. A. Vlašić), crkvene drame (A. Tomiković), s tim da je najviše prostora posvećeno analizi katekizamske književnosti. Tekstovi se analiziraju s obzirom na diskurz o svakodnevici, tj. cilj je rada smještanjem književnih tekstova u idejno-povijesni i kulturni kontekst razotkriti svojevrsne strategije/modele izvanknjiževnih refleksija. Kako bi se dobio potpuniji sinkronijski i dijakronijski uvid u određene teme i ideologiju kulturne stvarnosti, rubnu poziciju u analizi diskurzivnog oblikovanja svakodnevice imaju djela povijesnoga i kulturološkoga sadržaja: zapisnici (Zapisnik Franjevačkog samostana u Našicama, knjiga I /1739–1787./, Ljetopis Franjevačkog samostana u Osijeku /1686–1890./, Isusovački ljetopis /1763–1770./, Turkovićev ljetopis /1797–1807./), putopisi (M. Piller i Lj. Mitterpacher, F. Wilhelm von Taube) i etnografije (J. Lovretić, L. Lukić). Na temelju analize uspostavljeni su modeli oblikovanja religijskoga i kulturnog identiteta kao svojevrsna sinteza u kojoj se očituju prepletanja općeg i pojedinačnog, kako s obzirom na poetičke (žanrovske), tako i u odnosu na svjetonazorske strategije. Kroz osam modela: model pastoralnoga i katehetskog djelovanja, model pravovjerja, model obitelji, model kulture života, model spolnosti, model neotuđivosti imovine, model braka i model samospoznaje sažeto se daje pregled tema i ideja reprezentiranih u pojedinim tekstovima, tj. kod pojedinih autora. Ukazivanjem na međuovisnost i uzajamni utjecaj zbilje i diskurzivne reprezentacije zbilje, tj. na činjenicu da koliko god je književnost društveno proizvedena, ona je istovremeno i društveno proizvodna, rad svoj doprinos temelji na nadogradnji postojećeg historicističkog, pozitivističkog čitanja književne kulture Slavonije 18. stoljeća.Starting from the contemporary cultural oriented trends of literary science – literary anthropology and new historicism – this paper examines the Slavonian corpus of literature, ie. Slavonian literary culture of the 18th century. Considering its (over) national and regional literary and cultural identity, the research is focused to the most dominant type of literary production of the observed period, religious genres. Eight genres were analyzed: catechism (M. A. Relković, A. Kanižlić, I. Grličić, Đ. Rapić, J. Lipovčić, E. Pavić, A. Bačić, A. J. Turković, J. Mulih, I. Velikanović), hagiographic poem (A. J. Turković), sermons (Đ. Rapić), lectionary (M. Lanosović), the translation of certain parts of Holy Scripture (A. Ivanošić), prayer book (A. Kanižlić), the translation from the fathers of the Church (J. A. Vlašić), sacred drama (A. Tomiković), with analysis mostly devoted to the catechism literature. Corpus is analyzed with respect to the discourse of everyday life, ie. the main intention is to place literary texts in the ideological and historical and cultural context and to reveal their strategies / models of extraliterary reflection. In order to get complete synchronic and diachronic insight into specific subjects and ideology of cultural reality, historical and cultural works of everyday life were also included in analysis but with marginal position in the research. Historical and cultural works that were analyzed are: records (Zapisnik Franjevačkog samostana u Našicama, knjiga I /1739–1787./, Ljetopis Franjevačkog samostana u Osijeku /1686–1890./, Isusovački ljetopis /1763–1770./, Turkovićev ljetopis /1797–1807./), travel books (M. Piller i Lj. Mitterpacher, F. Wilhelm von Taube) and ethnographies (J. Lovretić, L. Lukić). Based on the research, models of shaping religious and cultural identity were established as a synthesis in which general and the particular is overlaping, due to the poetic, and in relation to the worldview strategies. Through eight models: model of pastoral and catechetical work, model of orthodoxy, model of family, model of culture of life, model of sexuality, model of inalienable of assets, model of marriage and model of self-realization concisely provides an overview of the subjects and ideas of the texts, ie. with the respect to the authors. Pointing out the interdependence and mutual influence reality and discursive representation of reality, ie. the fact that as far as literature socially produced, it is also a social production, contribution of this research is the upgrade of the existing historicist and positivist reading of literary culture of Slavonia 18th century

Švicarsko Federalno vijeće i inicijativa od 9. lipnja 2013.

Argumenti koje je odbor iznosio tijekom javne rasprave ukazivali su na to da će "narod izravnim izborom predstavnika ojačati izravnu demokraciju", da će biti "osigurana suverenost naroda", da će "izbor Federalnog vijeća biti transparentan" te da će "vijećnici biti izravno odgovorni narodu"

In vitro release studies of diltiazem chloride from liposomal gels

Kitozan je trenutno jedan od najperspektivnijih polimera u razvoju suvremenih farmaceutskih oblika zbog dobrih mukoadhezivnih svojstava i povoljnih bioloških učinaka. Svrha ovoga rada bila je priprava kitozanskog gela prikladnog za uklapanje liposoma s diltiazemkloridom te ispitivanje oslobađanja lijeka iz liposoma-u-gelu namijenjenog lokalnoj terapiji analnih fisura. Zbog dokazanog najjačeg epitelizacijskog učinka, odabran je visokomolekularni kitozan te je pripremljen 2,2%-tni hidrogel. Konvencionalni i propilenglikol liposomi s diltiazemkloridom uklopljeni su u kitozanski gel te u komercijalno dostupni hidroksietilcelulozni gel. Oba tipa liposoma bila su manja od 200 nm, pri čemu je nešto bolje uklapanje postignuto s konvencionalnim liposomima. In vitro ispitivanja oslobađanja diltiazemklorida iz liposoma-u-gelu provedena su tzv. metodom agaroze tijekom 24 sata u puferu pH 6,8. Uklapanjem liposoma u hidrogel postignuto je polagano oslobađanje uklopljenog lijeka. Rezultati ispitivanja su pokazali da tip liposoma i vrsta gela utječu na brzinu i udio oslobođenog lijeka. Diltiazemklorid se u nešto manjem udjelu oslobađao iz konvencionalnih u odnosu na elastične propilenglikol liposome, neovisno o korištenom hidrogelu. Usporedba dvaju gelova pokazala je sporije oslobađanje oba tipa liposoma iz kitozanskog hidrogela. Korištenjem kitozanskog hidrogela s uklopljenim liposomima moglo bi se osigurati dostatno zadržavanje diltiazemklorida na mjestu primjene i značajno poboljšati lokalna terapija analne fisure zbog povoljnog učinka kitozana na zacjeljivanje rana.Chitosan is currently one of the most promising polymers in development of new drug delivery systems due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, good mucoadhesive properties and positive biological effects. The aim of this study was to prepare chitosan hydrogel suitable for incorporation of liposomes with dilti-azem chloride, and to evaluate release of the drug from liposome-in-gel formulation destined for topical anal fissure therapy. Because of its superior wound healing properties, high molecular weight chitosan was chosen to prepare 2.2% (w/w) hydrogel. Conventional and propylene glycol liposomes with diltiazem chlo-ride were incorporated into the chitosan gel and marketed hydroxyethyl cellulose gel as well. Both types of liposomes were smaller than 200 nm, while conventional liposomes were able to incorporate higher amount of the drug. In vitro release studies of diltiazem chloride from liposomes-in-hydrogel formulation were performed using so-called agarose method during 24 hours, in phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Incorporation of liposomes into the both types of hydrogel prolonged release of the drug in comparison to control hydrogels. The results showed that type of both liposomes and hydrogel affected the rate and amount of the released drug. Diltiazem chloride release from the conventional liposomes was less than from elastic propylene gly-col liposomes, regardless of the type of hydrogel vehicle used. Both type of liposomes sustained the drug release, particularly when incorporated into the chitosan hydrogel. Administration of diltiazem chloride liposomes-in-chitosan hydrogel could provide sufficient retention time of diltiazem chloride at the site of application and additionally improve local therapy of anal fissure as a result of chitosan favorable wound healing properties