Derechos de obtentor y estrategias de marketing en la generación de variedades públicas y privadas

En los últimos años se ha instalado un debate en diferentes sectores de la sociedad sobre la relación entre los sectores público y privado en materia de investigación agropecuaria. Los objetivos de este estudio son: a) Analizar el impacto de los DOV en la generación y difusión de nuevas variedades. b) Evaluar la legislación actual de los DOV y sus efectos para la investigación y difusión de nuevas variedades. c) Analizar los factores principales para una estrategia de mercadeo en el lanzamiento de una nueva variedad. d) Analizar el alcance actual de la relación de los institutos públicos y las empresas privadas en materia de investigación agropecuaria.Instituto de EconomíaFil: Penna, Julio A. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Economía y Sociología; ArgentinaFil: Gutierrez, Marta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Unidad de Vinculación Tecnológica; Argentin

Growth hormone-releasing hormone attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and improves heart function in pressure overload-induced heart failure

It has been shown that growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) reduces cardiomyocyte (CM) apoptosis, prevents ischemia/reperfusion injury, and improves cardiac function in ischemic rat hearts. However, it is still not known whether GHRH would be beneficial for life-threatening pathological conditions, like cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). Thus, we tested the myocardial therapeutic potential of GHRH stimulation in vitro and in vivo, using GHRH or its agonistic analog MR-409. We show that in vitro, GHRH(1-44)NH2attenuates phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cardiac cells, adult rat ventricular myocytes, and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CMs, decreasing expression of hypertrophic genes and regulating hypertrophic pathways. Underlying mechanisms included blockade of Gq signaling and its downstream components phospholipase Cβ, protein kinase Ce, calcineurin, and phospholamban. The receptor-dependent effects of GHRH also involved activation of Gαsand cAMP/PKA, and inhibition of increase in exchange protein directly activated by cAMP1 (Epac1). In vivo, MR-409 mitigated cardiac hypertrophy in mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction and improved cardiac function. Moreover, CMs isolated from transverse aortic constriction mice treated with MR-409 showed improved contractility and reversal of sarcolemmal structure. Overall, these results identify GHRH as an antihypertrophic regulator, underlying its therapeutic potential for HF, and suggest possible beneficial use of its analogs for treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy

O APRENDIZADO DE LÍNGUAS ESTRANGEIRAS PELO ACADÊMICO VISUAL (SURDO): O QUE OS PROCESSOS SELETIVOS NOS INFORMAM

Por meio da Análise Dialógica do Discurso (BRAIT, 2006), este estudo investiga o posicionamento discursivo de universidades públicas, em editais de Processo Seletivo para ingresso nos cursos Letras Libras, sobre avaliação em língua estrangeira (LE) de candidatos visuais (Duarte, 2016). A análise buscou compreender quais sentidos emergem em seu discurso sobre a aprendizagem de LE no ensino básico. Pela análise, é possível inferir que não há avaliação de LE por não se considerar que o ensino no nível básico tenha sido eficaz. Concluímos pela necessidade de implementação de políticas inclusivas e investimento na formação de línguas do visual

The Inflammatory Cytokine IL-3 Hampers Cardioprotection Mediated by Endothelial Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Possibly via Their Protein Cargo

The biological relevance of extracellular vesicles (EV) released in an ischemia/reperfusion setting is still unclear. We hypothesized that the inflammatory microenvironment prevents cardioprotection mediated by endothelial cell (EC)-derived extracellular vesicles. The effects of naïve EC-derived EV (eEV) or eEV released in response to interleukin-3 (IL-3) (eEV-IL-3) were evaluated in cardiomyoblasts (H9c2) and rat hearts. In transwell assay, eEV protected the H9c2 exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) more efficiently than eEV-IL-3. Conversely, only eEV directly protected H9c2 cells to H/R-induced damage. Consistent with this latter observation, eEV, but not eEV-IL-3, exerted beneficial effects in the whole heart. Protein profiles of eEV and eEV-IL-3, established using label-free mass spectrometry, demonstrated that IL-3 drives changes in eEV-IL-3 protein cargo. Gene ontology analysis revealed that both eEV and eEV-IL-3 were equipped with full cardioprotective machinery, including the Nitric Oxide Signaling in the Cardiovascular System. eEV-IL-3 were also enriched in the endothelial-nitric oxide-synthase (eNOS)-antagonist caveolin-1 and proteins related to the inflammatory response. In vitro and ex vivo experiments demonstrated that a functional Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase (MEK1/2)/eNOS/guanylyl-cyclase (GC) pathway is required for eEV-mediated cardioprotection. Consistently, eEV were found enriched in MEK1/2 and able to induce the expression of B-cell-lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and the phosphorylation of eNOS in vitro. We conclude that an inflammatory microenvironment containing IL-3 changes the eEV cargo and impairs eEV cardioprotective action

Functional reconstitution of HBV-specific CD8 T cells by in vitro polyphenol treatment in chronic hepatitis B.

Background & aims In chronic HBV infection, mitochondrial functions and proteostasis are dysregulated in exhausted HBV-specific CD8 T cells. To better characterise the potential involvement of deregulated protein degradation mechanisms in T cell exhaustion, we analysed lysosome-mediated autophagy in HBV-specific CD8 T cells. Bioactive compounds able to simultaneously target both mitochondrial functions and proteostasis were tested to identify optimal combination strategies to reconstitute efficient antiviral CD8 T cell responses in patients with chronic HBV infection. Methods Lysosome-mediated degradation pathways were analysed by flow cytometry in virus-specific CD8 T cells from patients with chronic HBV infection. Mitochondrial function, intracellular proteostasis, and cytokine production were evaluated in HBV-peptide-stimulated T cell cultures, in the presence or absence of the polyphenols resveratrol (RSV) and oleuropein (OLE) and their metabolites, either alone or in combination with other bioactive compounds. Results HBV-specific CD8 T cells from patients with CHB showed impaired autophagic flux. RSV and OLE elicited a significant improvement in mitochondrial, proteostasis and antiviral functions in CD8 T cells. Cytokine production was also enhanced by synthetic metabolites, which correspond to those generated by RSV and OLE metabolism in vivo, suggesting that these polyphenols may also display an effect after transformation in vivo. Moreover, polyphenolic compounds improved the T cell revitalising effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and of programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 blockade. Conclusions Simultaneously targeting multiple altered intracellular pathways with the combination of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and natural polyphenols may represent a promising immune reconstitution strategy for the treatment of chronic HBV infection. Lay summary In chronic hepatitis B, antiviral T lymphocytes are deeply impaired, with many altered intracellular functions. In vitro exposure to polyphenols, such as resveratrol and oleuropein, can correct some of the deregulated intracellular pathways and improve antiviral T cell function. This effect can be further strengthened by the association of polyphenols with antioxidant compounds in a significant proportion of patients. Thus, the combination of antioxidants and natural polyphenols represents a promising strategy for chronic hepatitis B therapy

Avaliação da composição nutricional de cardápios em instituições de longa permanência para idosos em Belo Horizonte e Contagem, Minas Gerais

Nos últimos anos a proporção de idosos cresce mais que outras faixas etárias, situação denominada transição demográfica. Observando o crescente aumento do número de idosos, o surgimento de doenças crônicas, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a composição nutricional dos cardápios de instituições de longa permanência para idosos públicas de Belo Horizonte e Contagem, Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo de campo experimental, quantitativo, descritivo e exploratório. Foram avaliadas oito instituições de longa permanência para idosos públicas. Foi considerada a presença de nutricionistas na instituição, e coletados 40 cardápios, registrando a quantidade per capita dos alimentos servidos e a respectiva medida caseira, pesada em balança digital padrão. O software utilizado para análise dos cardápios foi o Dietbox®, utilizando as informações das tabelas de alimentos para cálculo do valor energético total, carboidratos, proteínas, lipídios, fibras, vitamina A, C, D, cálcio, magnésio, ferro e zinco. Constatou-se que, das oito instituições, em apenas três há nutricionista presente. Em relação ao valor energético total, 25% das  instituições atingiram a recomendação, sendo 1873 kcal para mulheres e 2054 kcal para homens. Observou-se adequação para os seguintes nutrientes: proteínas em 100% das instituições, carboidratos, em 50%; lipídios, 75%, fibras, em 37,5%; vitamina A, 87,5%; vitamina C, 100%; vitamina D, 12,5%; cálcio, 0%; magnésio, 12,5%; ferro, 75%; zinco, 12,5%. Tais resultados evidenciam a necessidade da presença de nutricionistas nestas instituições, a fim de adequar os cardápios às necessidades dos residente

Rapid spread of complex change: a case study in inpatient palliative care

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Based on positive findings from a randomized controlled trial, Kaiser Permanente's national executive leadership group set an expectation that all Kaiser Permanente and partner hospitals would implement a consultative model of interdisciplinary, inpatient-based palliative care (IPC). Within one year, the number of IPC consultations program-wide increased almost tenfold from baseline, and the number of teams nearly doubled. We report here results from a qualitative evaluation of the IPC initiative after a year of implementation; our purpose was to understand factors supporting or impeding the rapid and consistent spread of a complex program.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Quality improvement study using a case study design and qualitative analysis of in-depth semi-structured interviews with 36 national, regional, and local leaders.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Compelling evidence of impacts on patient satisfaction and quality of care generated 'pull' among adopters, expressed as a remarkably high degree of conviction about the value of the model. Broad leadership agreement gave rise to sponsorship and support that permeated the organization. A robust social network promoted knowledge exchange and built on an existing network with a strong interest in palliative care. Resource constraints, pre-existing programs of a different model, and ambiguous accountability for implementation impeded spread.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A complex, hospital-based, interdisciplinary intervention in a large health care organization spread rapidly due to a synergy between organizational 'push' strategies and grassroots-level pull. The combination of push and pull may be especially important when the organizational context or the practice to be spread is complex.</p

Estudos Artísticos

Astúcias para uma implicação. A proposta é de convocar o público, transportá-lo para dentro da obra, implicá-lo, transformá-lo, modificá-lo. O mundo global comporta ameaças sociais, culturais, ecológicas, identitárias. As obras contemporâneas recorrem a todos os possíveis suportes, e fazem das tecnologias mais um tecido discursivo de mediação. O que importa é fazer chegar as notícias, que tendem a ser más. A crise atual potencia talvez uma maior criatividade e uma menor arrogância retórica. Todos podem passar a intermediar o processo artístico, de dentro para fora.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio