Functional Renormalization for Chiral and U_A(1) Symmetries at Finite Temperature

We investigated the chiral symmetry and U_A(1) anomaly at finite temperature by applying the functional renormalization group to the SU(3) linear sigma model. Expanding the local potential around the classical fields, we derived the flow equations for the renormalization parameters. In chiral limit, the flow equation for the chiral condensate is decoupled from the others and can be analytically solved. The Goldstone theorem is guaranteed in vacuum and at finite temperature, and the two phase transitions for the chiral and U_A(1) symmetry restoration happen at the same critical temperature. In general case with explicit chiral symmetry breaking, the two symmetries are partially and slowly restored, and the scalar and pseudoscalar meson masses are controlled by the restoration in the limit of high temperature.Comment: 9 pages, 9figure

The Theory of Substantial Cognitive Capacity of Criminal Defendants with Mental Disorders in China: Theoretical Content and Judicial Application

When dealing with criminal cases involving defendants with mental disorders in China, the theory of substantial cognitive capacity holds significant importance. Although derived from the insanity defense rule of the U.S. Model Penal Code, this concept exhibits certain distinctions. Forensic experts in China frequently deem defendants with mental disorders as lacking substantial cognitive capacity, thus rendering them not criminally responsible. The Chinese theory of substantial cognitive capacity possesses its unique characteristics, setting China apart from other countries in addressing the insanity defense issue. Consequently, introducing this Chinese theory to scholars in other jurisdictions holds considerable academic value. However, the interpretation of substantial cognitive capacity and its relation to cognitive capacity remain subjects of controversy in China, with inconsistent application of this theory. Specifically, some scholars have advocated the theory of common sense cognitive capacity, effectively challenging the mainstream theory of substantial cognitive capacity. The author contends that substantial cognitive capacity should be comprehended from the perspective of the dialectical unity of “phenomenon” and “essence”. The term “substantial cognitive capacity” should be employed from a negative standpoint to underscore the progressive link between the possession of “formal” cognitive capacity and the loss of “substantial” cognitive capacity, while the theory of common sense cognitive capacity should be dismissed. The proper judicial application of the theory of substantial cognitive capacity aids in adhering to the normative requirements of criminal law, emphasizes the logic of stratified criminal theory, and furnishes the judiciary with a theoretical instrument for appropriately handling criminal cases

A New Path for the Prevention of Illegal Acts Committed by Mentally Ill Persons in China: Improving the Legal Supervision Function of the Chinese Procuratorial Organs

This research aims to study the prevention of illegal behaviors of mentally ill persons. This paper analyzes Chinese laws and regulations involving the prevention of unlawful behaviors of mentally ill persons, and examines a typical criminal case, using normative analysis and case study methodology. The research shows the illegal acts committed by mentally ill persons are socially dangerous, and China has constructed a three-tier prevention mechanism to prevent them. The existing prevention mechanism has major problems, which are highlighted by the failure of the responsible authorities to perform their duties in accordance with the law, and the lack of a supervisory body to urge them to fulfill their legal obligations. The prevention mechanisms are fragmented seriously, which leads to the occurrence of cases of mentally ill persons committing illegal acts. The findings and conclusion of this paper are that the people's procuratorate should play an important role in the prevention of acts committed by mentally ill persons, they should make supervision suggestions, file public interest litigation, and support litigation to urge the responsible subjects to perform their duties so that the quality of prevention of the illegal acts committed by the mentally ill persons can be improved

Complete and Consistent Chiral Transport from Wigner Function Formalism

Recently there has been significant interest in understanding the macroscopic quantum transport in a many-body system of chiral fermions. A natural framework for describing such a system which is generally out of equilibrium, is the transport equation for its phase space distribution function. In this paper, we obtain a complete solution of the covariant chiral transport for massless fermions, by starting from the general Wigner function formalism and carrying out a complete and consistent semiclassical expansion up to $\hat{\mathbf{O}}(\hbar)$ order. In particular, we clarify certain subtle and confusing issues surrounding the Lorentz non-invariance and frame dependence associated with the 3D chiral kinetic theory. We prove that such frame dependence is uniquely and completely fixed by an unambiguous definition of the $\hat{\mathbf{O}}(\hbar)$ correction to the distribution function in each reference frame

Experimental Investigation for Fault Diagnosis Based on a Hybrid Approach Using Wavelet Packet and Support Vector Classification

To deal with the difficulty to obtain a large number of fault samples under the practical condition for mechanical fault diagnosis, a hybrid method that combined wavelet packet decomposition and support vector classification (SVC) is proposed. The wavelet packet is employed to decompose the vibration signal to obtain the energy ratio in each frequency band. Taking energy ratios as feature vectors, the pattern recognition results are obtained by the SVC. The rolling bearing and gear fault diagnostic results of the typical experimental platform show that the present approach is robust to noise and has higher classification accuracy and, thus, provides a better way to diagnose mechanical faults under the condition of small fault samples

CD147 promotes melanoma cell growth via SOX4-mediated glycolytic metabolism

Purpose: To determine the functional roles of cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) in glycolysis in melanoma cells.Methods: CD147 expression in melanoma tissue and adjacent normal tissue was determined using quantitative real time polymrase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays were used to evaluate cell viability and colony formation, respectively. The role of CD147 in glycolysis in melanoma cells was investigated by determining glucose uptake, production of lactate, and cellular level of ATP.Results: CD147 was enhanced more in melanoma tissue than that in the adjacent normal tissue (p < 0.001). CD147 overexpression promoted the viability and colony formation of melanoma cells. On the other hand, CD147 silencing decreased the viability and colony formation of melanoma cells. Glucose uptake, production of lactate, and cellular level of ATP were upregulated in melanoma cells by CD147 overexpression and downregulated by shRNA-mediated depletion of CD147. CD147 increased expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) to activate the sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility group box 4 (SOX4) pathway. Knockdown of CXCL1 attenuated the positive regulatory effect of CD147 on SOX4. Besides, overexpression of SOX4 reversed the suppressive effects of CD147 silencing on melanoma cell viability, colony formation, and glycolysis.Conclusion: CD147 contributes to melanoma cell growth via upregulation of SOX-mediated glycolysis, thus providing a therapeutic avenue for the management of melanoma. Keywords: Cluster of differentiation 147, CD147, Sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility group box 4, Melanoma, Cell growth, Glycolysi