89 research outputs found
Impacts of past abrupt land change on local biodiversity globally
Abrupt land change, such as deforestation or agricultural intensification, is a key driver of biodiversity change. Following abrupt land change, local biodiversity often continues to be influenced through biotic lag effects. However, current understanding of how terrestrial biodiversity is impacted by past abrupt land changes is incomplete. Here we show that abrupt land change in the past continues to influence present species assemblages globally. We combine geographically and taxonomically broad data on local biodiversity with quantitative estimates of abrupt land change detected within time series of satellite imagery from 1982 to 2015. Species richness and abundance were 4.2% and 2% lower, respectively, and assemblage composition was altered at sites with an abrupt land change compared to unchanged sites, although impacts differed among taxonomic groups. Biodiversity recovered to levels comparable to unchanged sites after >10 years. Ignoring delayed impacts of abrupt land changes likely results in incomplete assessments of biodiversity change
Osteoprotegerin in Exosome-Like Vesicles from Human Cultured Tubular Cells and Urine
Urinary exosomes have been proposed as potential diagnostic tools. TNF superfamily cytokines and receptors may be
present in exosomes and are expressed by proximal tubular cells. We have now studied the expression of selected TNF
superfamily proteins in exosome-like vesicles from cultured human proximal tubular cells and human urine and have
identified additional proteins in these vesicles by LC-MS/MS proteomics. Human proximal tubular cells constitutively
released exosome-like vesicles that did not contain the TNF superfamily cytokines TRAIL or TWEAK. However, exosome-like
vesicles contained osteoprotegerin (OPG), a TNF receptor superfamily protein, as assessed by Western blot, ELISA or
selected reaction monitoring by nLC-(QQQ)MS/MS. Twenty-one additional proteins were identified in tubular cell exosomelike
vesicles, including one (vitamin D binding protein) that had not been previously reported in exosome-like vesicles.
Twelve were extracellular matrix proteins, including the basement membrane proteins type IV collagen, nidogen-1, agrin
and fibulin-1. Urine from chronic kidney disease patients contained a higher amount of exosomal protein and exosomal
OPG than urine from healthy volunteers. Specifically OPG was increased in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
urinary exosome-like vesicles and expressed by cystic epithelium in vivo. In conclusion, OPG is present in exosome-like
vesicles secreted by proximal tubular epithelial cells and isolated from Chronic Kidney Disease urine.This work was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIIIRETIC REDINREN RD06/0016, RD12/0021, PI11/01854, PI10/00072 PI09/
00641 and PS09/00447); Comunidad de Madrid (Fibroteam S2010/BMD-2321, S2010/BMD-2378); Sociedad Española de NefrologÍa; European Network (HEALTH
F2-2008-200647); DIALOK European project LSHB-CT-2007-036644; Fundacion Lilly and IRSIN/FRIAT to JE; Programa Intensificación Actividad Investigadora (ISCIII/
Agencia Laín-Entralgo/CM) to AO; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS PI11/01401, CP09/00229); and Fundación Conchita Rábago de Jiménez DÍaz to GAL. The funders
had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscrip
Small molecule activators of the Trk receptors for neuroprotection
The neurotophin signaling network is critical to the development and survival of many neuronal populations. Especially sensitive to imbalances in the neurotrophin system, cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain are progressively lost in Alzheimer's disease. Therapeutic use of neurotrophins to prevent this loss is hampered, however, by a number of pharmacological challenges. These include a lack of transport across the blood-brain barrier, rapid degradation in the circulation, and difficulty in production. In this review we discuss the evidence supporting the neurotrophin system's role in preventing neurodegeneration and survey some of the pharmacological strategies being pursued to develop effective therapeutics targeting neurotrophin function
Carbon carry capacity and carbon sequestration potential in China based on an integrated analysis of mature forest biomass
Erosion characteristics of loess tunnels on the Loess Plateau: A field investigation and experimental study
Temperature-dependent reversible and irreversible processes in Nb-doped PbZrO3 relaxor ferroelectric thin films
2015-2016 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe
Surgical indication and strategy for liver hemangioma in the caudate lobe: a multi-institutional retrospective analysis with 137 patients
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