Prävalenz und Prädiktoren für Rauschtrinken : Querschnittsbefragung repräsentativ für Niedersachsen

Diese Artikelfassung entspricht nicht vollständig dem in der Zeitschrift Sucht veröffentlichten Artikel unter https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1024/0939-5911/a000622. Dies ist nicht die Originalversion des Artikels und kann daher nicht zur Zitierung herangezogen werden. Bitte verbreiten oder zitieren Sie diesenArtikel nicht ohne Zustimmung des Autors.Zielsetzung: Ziel der Studie war es, die Prävalenz von Rauschtrinken in der ab 16-jährigen Bevölkerung Niedersachsens zu erfassen und Prädiktoren für dieses Risikoverhalten zu identifizieren. Methodik: Eine repräsentative Querschnittserhebung mit N = 5711 Teilnehmern ab 16 Jahren wurde schriftlich 2014 durch das Kriminologische Forschungsinstitut Niedersachsen (KFN) durchgeführt. Rauschtrinken wurde als mind. 5 Gläser Alkohol zu einer Gelegenheit/mind. 1x in den letzten 30 Tagen definiert. Neben deskriptiven Methoden wurde eine binär-logistische Regression mit Rauschtrinken als abhängige Variable durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Die Prävalenz von Rauschtrinken lag bei 28 Prozent; signifikant abnehmend bei zunehmendem Alter. Männer, außerhalb von Großstädten lebende Personen und Teilnehmer ohne Migrationshintergrund waren signifikant häufiger involviert. Tabak-, Cannabiskonsum, Glücksspiel, Verträglichkeit, risikoreiche Verhaltensmuster, regelmäßige soziale Aktivitäten und soziale Integration wurden als Risikofaktoren identifiziert. Regelmäßige kulturelle Aktivität und islamische Religion waren negativ mit Rauschtrinken assoziiert. Schlussfolgerung: Neben soziodemographischen Prädiktoren wurden auch Faktoren wie Freizeitaktivitäten als Prädiktor identifiziert. Hier könnten niederschwellige präventive Maßnahmen im Sinne der Umgebungsgestaltung hinsichtlich ihrer Akzeptanz überprüft werden. Verhaltenspräventiv sollte der risikoerhöhende gleichzeitige Konsum anderer Substanzen fokussiert werden

Synthesis-View: visualization and interpretation of SNP association results for multi-cohort, multi-phenotype data and meta-analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Initial genome-wide association study (GWAS) discoveries are being further explored through the use of large cohorts across multiple and diverse populations involving meta-analyses within large consortia and networks. Many of the additional studies characterize less than 100 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), often include multiple and correlated phenotypic measurements, and can include data from multiple-sites, multiple-studies, as well as multiple race/ethnicities. New approaches for visualizing resultant data are necessary in order to fully interpret results and obtain a broad view of the trends between DNA variation and phenotypes, as well as provide information on specific SNP and phenotype relationships.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The Synthesis-View software tool was designed to visually synthesize the results of the aforementioned types of studies. Presented herein are multiple examples of the ways Synthesis-View can be used to report results from association studies of DNA variation and phenotypes, including the visual integration of p-values or other metrics of significance, allele frequencies, sample sizes, effect size, and direction of effect.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>To truly allow a user to visually integrate multiple pieces of information typical of a genetic association study, innovative views are needed to integrate multiple pieces of information. As a result, we have created "Synthesis-View" software for the visualization of genotype-phenotype association data in multiple cohorts. Synthesis-View is freely available for non-commercial research institutions, for full details see <url>https://chgr.mc.vanderbilt.edu/synthesisview</url>.</p

Projected drought risk in 1.5°C and 2°C warmer climates

The large socioeconomic costs of droughts make them a crucial target for impact assessments of climate change scenarios. Using multiple drought metrics and a set of simulations with the Community Earth System Model targeting 1.5°C and 2°C above preindustrial global mean temperatures, we investigate changes in aridity and the risk of consecutive drought years. If warming is limited to 2°C, these simulations suggest little change in drought risk for the U.S. Southwest and Central Plains compared to present day. In the Mediterranean and central Europe, however, drought risk increases significantly for both 1.5°C and 2°C warming targets, and the additional 0.5°C of the 2°C climate leads to significantly higher drought risk. Our study suggests that limiting anthropogenic warming to 1.5°C rather than 2°C, as aspired to by the Paris Climate Agreement, may have benefits for future drought risk but that such benefits may be regional and in some cases highly uncertain

A thin layer angiogenesis assay: a modified basement matrix assay for assessment of endothelial cell differentiation

BACKGROUND: Basement matrices such as Matrigel™ and Geltrex™ are used in a variety of cell culture assays of anchorage-dependent differentiation including endothelial cell tube formation assays. The volumes of matrix recommended for these assays (approximately 150 μl/cm(2)) are costly, limit working distances for microscopy, and require cell detachment for subsequent molecular analysis. Here we describe the development and validation of a thin-layer angiogenesis (TLA) assay for assessing the angiogenic potential of endothelial cells that overcomes these limitations. RESULTS: Geltrex™ basement matrix at 5 μl/cm(2) in 24-well (10 μl) or 96-well (2 μl) plates supports endothelial cell differentiation into tube-like structures in a comparable manner to the standard larger volumes of matrix. Since working distances are reduced, high-resolution single cell microscopy, including DIC and confocal imaging, can be used readily. Using MitoTracker dye we now demonstrate, for the first time, live mitochondrial dynamics and visualise the 3-dimensional network of mitochondria present in differentiated endothelial cells. Using a standard commercial total RNA extraction kit (Qiagen) we also show direct RNA extraction and RT-qPCR from differentiated endothelial cells without the need to initially detach cells from their supporting matrix. CONCLUSIONS: We present here a new thin-layer assay (TLA) for measuring the anchorage-dependent differentiation of endothelial cells into tube-like structures which retains all the characteristics of the traditional approach but with the added benefit of a greatly lowered cost and better compatibility with other techniques, including RT-qPCR and high-resolution microscopy. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12860-014-0041-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Apathy Is Associated With Ventral Striatum Volume in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder

Apathy is prevalent in schizophrenia, but its etiology has received little investigation. The ventral striatum (VS), a key brain region involved in motivated behavior, has been implicated in studies of apathy. We therefore evaluated whether apathy is associated with volume of the VS on MRI in 23 patients with schizophrenia using voxel-based morphometry. Results indicated that greater self-reported apathy severity was associated with smaller volume of the right VS even when controlling for age, gender, depression, and total gray matter volume. The finding suggests that apathy is related to abnormality of brain circuitry subserving motivated behavior in patients with schizophrenia

First Trimester Plasma Glucose Values in Women without Diabetes are Associated with Risk for Congenital Heart Disease in Offspring

In a retrospective study of 19 171 mother-child dyads, elevated random plasma glucose values during early pregnancy were directly correlated with increased risk for congenital heart disease in offspring. Plasma glucose levels proximal to the period of cardiac development may represent a modifiable risk factor for congenital heart disease in expectant mothers without diabetes.Peer reviewe