The rhetoric of “science diplomacy": Innovation for the EU's scientific cooperation? EL-CSID Working Paper Issue 2018/16 • April 2018

In the recent years, the EU policy discourse has endorsed the notion of “science diplomacy” that points to the interaction between scientific research and foreign policy as instrumental in the societal and political progress. Commissioner for science, research and innovation Carlos Moedas is particularly keen on seeing “the EU play an increasingly active and visible role in international science diplomacy” (Moedas, 2016). In doing so, the EU is part of, and perhaps leading among, those global actors that have jumped on the “science diplomacy” bandwagon, where the activities concerned with scientific cooperation (such as part of the work by UNESCO or The World Academy of Sciences – TWAS) are framed as “science diplomacy”

VPLIV PREVERJANJA IN OCENJEVANJA ZNANJA NA UČENJE

The consequences of bad teaching cannot be removed simply by the strict evaluation of students. Moreover, strict evaluation distorts the advantages of good teaching. Evaluation is therefore becoming more important and should be implemented in a variety of settings and testing models, which also reflects on learning. Testing and evaluation are integral parts of the teaching process. They play a role in both teaching and learning. Testing and evaluation models influence the way students learn, the type of knowledge they will acquire, and their attitude towards knowledge. Learning is promoted by testing, which provides feedback on student\u27s achievements in reaching the set targets. The teacher who views testing as an integral part of learning, sees the point of teaching in allowing students to develop and expand their knowledge, and take control of their own learning, as this is the only way in which we can significantly influence their learning. Only a good evaluation of students\u27 knowledge provides for high quality learning.Posledic slabega pouka ni mogoče odstraniti z nikakršnim, še tako strogim ocenjevanjem, slabo ocenjevanje pa marsikdaj izmaliči prednost dobrega pouka, zato se vedno večji poudarek daje preverjanju znanja, razširjenosti situacij preverjanja in spremembi oblik preverjanja, kar posledično vpliva tudi na učenje. Preverjanje in ocenjevanje sta sestavna dela učnega procesa. Svojo vlogo imata tako v procesu poučevanja, kakor v procesu učenja. Način preverjanja in ocenjevanja vpliva na to, kako se učenci učijo, kakšno znanje pridobijo in kakšen odnos do učenja ter znanja gradijo. Na izboljšanje učenja vpliva predvsem preverjanje znanja, ki daje informacije pri čem je potrebno začeti, kako učenci napredujejo pri doseganju zastavljenih ciljev, kako učinkoviti so učiteljevi pristopi, kako učenci obvladajo zastavljene cilje. Učitelj, ki razume preverjanje kot sestavni del učenja, vidi smisel pouka v tem, da se učencem omogoči izgrajevanje, poglabljanje znanja in prevzemanje nadzora nad svojim učenjem, saj le tako lahko bistveno vpliva na učenje učencev. Le dobro preverjanje znanja pa omogoča kvalitetno učenje

Zu besseren Lehr - und Bildungsergebnissen durch Coaching-Fertigkeiten

The purpose of the article is to show how knowledge of coaching skills can help achieve the desired results in pedagogical practice faster and more efficiently. When coaching skills are known by a team of teachers, these teachers can offer each other support in personal and professional growth (collegial coaching). They do not necessarily have to be professional coaches. It is essential that the teacher acting as a coach uses specifically selected questions. These need to encourage their interlocutor to think and find their own solutions to achieve the goal. They must be open and nonsuggestive. In this way, the interlocutor will come up with solutions that they would have come to with a lot more difficulty or even not at all. Conversation, guided by coaching questions, can also help learners in the difficulties they encounter. It is important that the interlocutor wants to solve the problem, the challenge. The case study shows how to use coaching skills, especially coaching questions, in pedagogical practice.Svrha članka je pokazati kako poznavanje vještine coachinga može brže i učinkovitije doprinijeti željenim ishodima u obrazovnoj praksi. Ako tim učitelja posjeduje vještine coachinga onda oni mogu jedni drugima pružiti podršku u osobnom i profesionalnom razvoju (kolegijalni coaching). Ne moraju biti profesionalni coacheri, ali je ključno da učitelji koji djeluju kao coacheri koriste specifična pitanja. Oni trebaju potaknuti sugovornika na razmišljanje i pronalaženje vlastitih rješenja te put do cilja. U tu svrhu moraju biti otvoreni i bez sugestija. Na taj način sugovornici dolaze do rješenja koja bi inače smatrali teškim ili nemogućim. Razgovor vođen pitanjima učitelja također može pomoći učenicima u poteškoćama s kojima se susreću. Važno je da sugovornik pokaže volju da riješi problem, tj. izazov. Studija slučaja pokazuje kako koristiti vještine coachinga i to posebno pitanja coachinga u obrazovnoj praksi.Zweck dieser Arbeit ist zu zeigen wie Kenntnisse von Coaching-Fertigkeiten schneller und effektiver zu erwünschten Ergebnissen in der pädagogischen Praxis beitragen können. Wenn ein Team von Lehrern über Coaching-Kenntnisse verfügt, können diese Lehrer bei der persönlichen und professionellen Entwicklung einander Unterstützung bieten (kollegiales Coaching). Dazu müssen sie nicht professionelle Coaches sein, es ist jedoch entscheidend, dass der als Coach handelnde Lehrer spezifisch ausgewählte Fragen verwendet. Diese dienen dazu, ihren Gesprächspartner zum Nachdenken und Finden eigener Lösungen und Wege zum Ziel zu ermuntern. Zu diesem Zweck müssen die Fragen offen sein und keine Hinweise enthalten. Auf diese Weise gelangen die Gesprächspartner zu Lösungsmöglichkeiten, zu denen sie andernfalls nur schwer oder gar nicht gelangt wären. Mithilfe von Coaching-Fragen geführte Gespräche können Lernern ebenfalls bei möglichen Schwierigkeiten helfen. Wichtig ist, dass der Gesprächspartner den Willen zur Lösung des Problems, der Herausforderung zeigt. Die Fallstudie zeigt wie man Coaching-Fertigkeiten und insbesondere Coaching-Fragen in der pädagogischen Praxis einsetzt

Modeling and implementation of search system for scientific research data

Cilj je specifikacija, modeliranje i implementacija sistema pretrage naučno-istraživačkih podataka. Sistem pretrage treba da omogući bogatu i efikasnu pretragu naučno-istraživačkih podataka. Osnovna ideja je da se pretraga zasniva na bibliotečkim standardima SRU/W i CQL kako bi se mogli prihvatati zahtevi za pretragu sa udaljenih računara, a da korisnici sistema mogu da pretraţuju putem veb forme implementirane upotrebom Web 2.0 tehnologije pri čemu se od korisnika ne očekuje poznavanje pomenutih standarda Metodologija – Na osnovu pregledane literature došlo se do smernica za analizu sistema koji sadrţe naučno-istraţivače podatke. Na osnovu izvršene analize predloţene su neophodne funkcionalnosti i relevantni set indeksa koji pretraga CRIS sistema treba da podrţi. Predloţen je novi profil za pretragu podataka naučno-istraţivačke delatnosti. Implementiran je standardizovani sistem pretrage za CRIS sisteme baziran na Web 2.0 tehnologijama, SRU/W profilu pretrage i CQL upitnom jeziku. Sistem omogućava i udaljeno pretraţivanje eksternim entitetima zadavanjem adekvatnih zahteva u skladu sa SRU/W standardom. Korišćeni su CASE alati bazirani na objektno-orijentisanoj metodologiji za modeliranje sistema (UML 2.0). Softverska arhitektura je zasnovana na Internet tehnologijama. Za implementaciju je korišćena Java platforma. Dok je za izradu naprednih elemenata interfejsa korišćena se JSF biblioteka i AJAX tehnologije. Rezultati – Razvijen je unifikovani profil pretrage za CRIS sisteme i implementiran je standardizovani sistem pretrage naučno-istraživačkih podataka koji se koristi na Univerzitetu u Novom Sadu. Specificiran i implementiran je sistem za pretragu naučno-istraţivačkih rezultata baziran na Web 2.0 tehnologijama i upotrebi CQL upitnog jezika. Korisnički sistem je dovoljno intuitivan da ga mogu koristiti i korisnici koji i ne poznaju standarde na kojima se zasniva sam pretraga. Specificiran i implementiran je servis koji omogućuje pretragu sa udaljenih računara upotrebom SRU/W protokola. Praktična primena – Sistem za pretragu naučno-istraživačkih rezultata je implementiran kao deo CRIS UNS sistema koji se koristi na Univerzitetu u Novom Sadu. Čime je obezbeđen javni uvid i jednostavna pretraga podataka o institucijama/organizacijama, istraţivačima i publikovanim naučnim rezultatima unutar novosadskog univerziteta. Podrţani SRU/W standard ga čini potencijalno dostupnim i za eksterne sisteme. Vrednost – Dat je profil pretrage koji predstavlja predlog kako da se izvrši standardizacija pretrage podataka iz naučno-istraţivačke oblasti. Posebna prednost pomenutog CRIS profila je nezavisnost istog od implementacije samog sistema pretrage. Sama primena predloţenog profila je vrlo jednostavna jer se njegovi elementi trebaju samo asocirati sa podacima u postojećim sistemima. Jednostavnost primene profila praktično je pokazana u CRIS sistemu Univerziteta u Novom Sadu. Sama aplikacija pretrage implementira SRU/W profil i pruţa potencijalnu inteoperabilnost sa sistemima koji podrţavaju SRU/W standard. Tako su nakon implementacije sistema, podaci iz CRIS UNS postali dostupniji i trasparentniji.Aim – The aim is specification, modeling and implementation of search of scientific research data. Search system should provide a rich and effective search of scientific research data. The basic idea is to enable search based on bibliographic standards SRU/W and CQL, because system need to be able to process search requests from remote computer, and also to provide searching through the web form implemented using Web 2.0 technology where users do not need to know these standards. Methodology - From the related literature are came the guidelines for the analysis of systems that include scientific researchers data. Based on the analysis necessary functionality and relevant set of indexes that searches CRIS system should support are proposed. A new profile for the search data for scientific research was implemented. It was implemented a standardized system search for CRIS systems based on Web 2.0 technologies, SRU/W profile search and CQL Query Language. The system allows a remote search by entering appropriate requests in accordance with SRU/W standard. UML 2.0 CASE tools based on object-oriented methodology were used for modeling the system. The software architecture is relied on a set of Internet technologies. Implementation technologies are based on Java platform. For the development of advanced interface elements JSF library and AJAX technologies were used. Results - A unified search profile for CRIS systems and a standardized system of search of scientific research data were developed, which are booth used at the University of Novi Sad. It was specified and implemented a system for search of scientific research data based on Web 2.0 technologies and the CQL query language. GUI is intuitive enough that it can be used by people who do not know the standards on which the search operation is based. Also it was specified and implemented a service that allows remote computer to search by using the SRU/W protocol. Practical application - Search system of scientific research data is implemented as part of CRIS UNS system which used at the University of Novi Sad for a long time. CRIS UNS is now able to provide public access and easy search for data of institutions/ organizations, researchers and published scientific results within the University of Novi Sad. Supported SRU/W standard makes the CRIS UNS potentially interoperable with external systems. Value – Proposed search profile is some kind of a suggestion how to standardize the search and retrieval of scientific research data. A major advantage of the CRIS profile is that he has no any affect on the implementation of the search system. The application of the proposed profile is very simple because its elements should only be associated (mapped) with the data in existing systems. Ease of application for the profile is practically demonstrated in the CRIS system of the University of Novi Sad (CRIS UNS). Search application implements SRU/W profile and offers potential interoperability with the systems that support the SRU/W standard. After the implementation of the search system, it is obviously that data from CRIS UNS become more accessible and transparent

The Cuba-Florida plant-pest pathway

Recent shifts in US policies towards Cuba suggest a relaxation or lifting of the embargo may occur in the near future. With the prospects of open travel and trade with Cuba come concerns over the introduction of agricultural pests. In an effort to assess these concerns the distribution-based introduction risk of pests listed in the 2015 Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey’s (CAPS) list of priority pests of economic and environmental importance is reviewed. Of the 59 pests on the CAPS priority pest list, 20 have been recorded in the literature as being present in the Caribbean Basin, South America and Central America. For these 20 New World pests a commodity and distribution-based risk rating was assigned to describe their potential for introduction through the Cuba-Florida pest pathway. The highest rating was given to the six listed pests currently reported as being present in Cuba, and potential for introduction and subsequent impact of these six pests on Florida agriculture is discussed. In addition to the pests found on the 2015 CAPS priority pest list, information regarding pests of concern in the family Tephritidae and the Old World bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), is also included, as is a description of the Cuban plant health and regulatory structure. The significance of plant-pest introductions between Cuba and Florida is discussed, with an emphasis on proactive engagement in research and collaboration to address these issues. Las nuevas políticas de los Estados Unidos hacia Cuba sugieren la posibilidad de que el embargo será suavizado o levantado en un futuro próximo. Asociada a la posible apertura del comercio con Cuba está la preocupación por la introducción de nuevas plagas agrícolas. En un esfuerzo por atender dicha preocupación, y tomando como base su distribución geográfica, este trabajo analiza las plagas comprendidas en la lista del 2015, elaborada por el Programa de Monitoreo de Plagas Agrícolas (CAPS Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey), la cual incluye aquellas que han sido consideradas prioritarias por la importancia económica y ambiental que supone su riesgo. La literatura reporta que 20 de las 59 plagas listadas están presentes en el Caribe, Centro y Sudamérica. A cada una de estas veinte plagas del Nuevo Mundo le fue asignada una categoría de riesgo que describe la posibilidad de introducción por la vía Cuba- Florida. La categoría de riesgo más alta fue atribuida a seis especies que han sido registradas en Cuba. Los autores discuten el potencial de introducción y los posibles efectos que éstas pueden causar en la agricultura de Florida. Además de las plagas clasificadas en la lista CAPS 2015, el artículo incluye información acerca de las que corresponden a la familia Tephritidae, así como del gusano cogollero Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). A la vez, analizan el sistema de sanidad vegetal y la estructura regulatoria en Cuba. El artículo finaliza con una discusión sobre la importancia de los riesgos de introducción de plagas entre Cuba y Florida, haciendo énfasis en la necesidad de contar con un enfoque proactivo de investigación y colaboración entre ambos países para atender este problema

The Cuba-Florida plant-pest pathway

Recent shifts in US policies towards Cuba suggest a relaxation or lifting of the embargo may occur in the near future. With the prospects of open travel and trade with Cuba come concerns over the introduction of agricultural pests. In an effort to assess these concerns the distribution-based introduction risk of pests listed in the 2015 Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey’s (CAPS) list of priority pests of economic and environmental importance is reviewed. Of the 59 pests on the CAPS priority pest list, 20 have been recorded in the literature as being present in the Caribbean Basin, South America and Central America. For these 20 New World pests a commodity and distribution-based risk rating was assigned to describe their potential for introduction through the Cuba-Florida pest pathway. The highest rating was given to the six listed pests currently reported as being present in Cuba, and potential for introduction and subsequent impact of these six pests on Florida agriculture is discussed. In addition to the pests found on the 2015 CAPS priority pest list, information regarding pests of concern in the family Tephritidae and the Old World bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), is also included, as is a description of the Cuban plant health and regulatory structure. The significance of plant-pest introductions between Cuba and Florida is discussed, with an emphasis on proactive engagement in research and collaboration to address these issues. Las nuevas políticas de los Estados Unidos hacia Cuba sugieren la posibilidad de que el embargo será suavizado o levantado en un futuro próximo. Asociada a la posible apertura del comercio con Cuba está la preocupación por la introducción de nuevas plagas agrícolas. En un esfuerzo por atender dicha preocupación, y tomando como base su distribución geográfica, este trabajo analiza las plagas comprendidas en la lista del 2015, elaborada por el Programa de Monitoreo de Plagas Agrícolas (CAPS Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey), la cual incluye aquellas que han sido consideradas prioritarias por la importancia económica y ambiental que supone su riesgo. La literatura reporta que 20 de las 59 plagas listadas están presentes en el Caribe, Centro y Sudamérica. A cada una de estas veinte plagas del Nuevo Mundo le fue asignada una categoría de riesgo que describe la posibilidad de introducción por la vía Cuba- Florida. La categoría de riesgo más alta fue atribuida a seis especies que han sido registradas en Cuba. Los autores discuten el potencial de introducción y los posibles efectos que éstas pueden causar en la agricultura de Florida. Además de las plagas clasificadas en la lista CAPS 2015, el artículo incluye información acerca de las que corresponden a la familia Tephritidae, así como del gusano cogollero Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). A la vez, analizan el sistema de sanidad vegetal y la estructura regulatoria en Cuba. El artículo finaliza con una discusión sobre la importancia de los riesgos de introducción de plagas entre Cuba y Florida, haciendo énfasis en la necesidad de contar con un enfoque proactivo de investigación y colaboración entre ambos países para atender este problema