Argentina case study

The aim of the project is to analyze and understand the events that have taken place throughout history in Argentina, which have made a country that had incredible potential suffer devastating economic and political situations, ending in one of the most serious defaults in history. Additionally, the project summarizes in a SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) the situation that Argentina is currently living, under the new government that started in 2015 with President Mauricio Macri. Thanks to recently instituted policies, Argentina has been able to introduce itself again in the international trading market and is now one of the emerging economies with a brighter future

Illegality in English Arbitration Law after Patel v Mirza

This article examines whether the Supreme Court judgment in Patel, which recast the law of illegality in English substantive private law, is relevant for English arbitration law and, if so, what the relevance of Patel may be. We argue that Patel is indeed relevant for English arbitration law either, at least in some cases, as a matter of substance or as a matter of methodology

Brief of Amici Curiae Private International Law Scholars in Support of Petitioner, Ashot Yegiazaryan, aka Ashot Egiazaryan v Vitaly Ivanovich Smagin, et al

Amicus Curiae brief in a case in the United States Supreme Court, 6 March 202

Inhibidores potenciales de descarboxilasas sobre la síntesis de ácidos i-Amino-2-Aril ciclopropano carboxilicos y derivados

Tesis inédita de la Universidad de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Sección de Químicas, 1970.Universidad de MadridTRUEProQuestpu

Changes in prescribing for bipolar disorder between 2009 and 2016: national-level data linkage study in Scotland

Background: People with bipolar disorder typically require long-term pharmacological treatment to prevent episodes of depression or mania. However, evidence-based guidelines are often not followed by prescribers and, in some countries, prescribing of lithium is in decline. Polypharmacy is also common in bipolar disorder. Aims: To employ a data linkage approach to describe and evaluate prescribing patterns in bipolar disorder in Scotland between 2009 and 2016. Method: By linking prescribing data to the electronic Scottish Morbidity Records, we identified a cohort of 23 135 patients with bipolar disorder who were prescribed psychotropic medication between 2009 and 2016. We examined trends in proportions of patients prescribed each of six drug categories. Random effects logistic models examined change in prescribing over years of interest. Results: The most common form of treatment was antidepressant monotherapy (24.96%), with only 5.90% of patients receiving lithium monotherapy. Prescribing of antipsychotics and anti-epileptics increased from 2009 to 2016 (antipsychotics: odds ratio 1.16, 95% CI 1.15–1.18; anti-epileptics: odds ratio 1.34, 95% CI 1.32–1.36), whereas prescribing of lithium decreased (odds ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0.82–0.85). Prescribing of valproate decreased from 2009–2016 in women, but increased in men (women: odds ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.90–0.97; men: odds ratio 1.11, 95% CI 1.04–1.18). Conclusions: Antidepressant monotherapy was the most common form of treatment for bipolar disorder in Scotland and prescribing of lithium has declined between 2009 and 2016. The findings are concerning and represent a gap between treatment guidelines and clinical practice. Declaration of interest: None

Virus satellites drive viral evolution and ecology

Virus satellites are widespread subcellular entities, present both in eukaryotic and in prokaryotic cells. Their modus vivendi involves parasitism of the life cycle of their inducing helper viruses, which assures their transmission to a new host. However, the evolutionary and ecological implications of satellites on helper viruses remain unclear. Here, using staphylococcal pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) as a model of virus satellites, we experimentally show that helper viruses rapidly evolve resistance to their virus satellites, preventing SaPI proliferation, and SaPIs in turn can readily evolve to overcome phage resistance. Genomic analyses of both these experimentally evolved strains as well as naturally occurring bacteriophages suggest that the SaPIs drive the coexistence of multiple alleles of the phage-coded SaPI inducing genes, as well as sometimes selecting for the absence of the SaPI depressing genes. We report similar (accidental) evolution of resistance to SaPIs in laboratory phages used for Staphylococcus aureus typing and also obtain the same qualitative results in both experimental evolution and phylogenetic studies of Enterococcus faecalis phages and their satellites viruses. In summary, our results suggest that helper and satellite viruses undergo rapid coevolution, which is likely to play a key role in the evolution and ecology of the viruses as well as their prokaryotic hosts

Caracterización de la aceleración de un juego de poleas con una masa variable mediante el sensor de aceleración de un Smartphone

[ES] El objetivo de este proyecto es la caracterización de la aceleración de un sistema de poleas con masa variable en un o de sus extremos, mediante el uso del sensor de aceleración de un teléfono móvil inteligente ( Smartphone ) . Para ello se ha montado un sistema ( fig. 1 ) con un número reducido de componentes, sin ser éstos demasiado complejos o de complicada fabricación . El objetivo es lograr u n sistema que alcance un alto grado de precisión e n la medición experimental de variaciones en la aceleración del sistema. Mediante este sistema se pretende observar como varía la aceleración de nuestro sistema de poleas con una masa variable, con el tiempo. Para obtener los datos de las diferentes experiencias se usará el sensor de movimiento (acelerómetro) de un Smartphone y se registrarán estos datos de la aceleración en función del tiempo mediante una aplicación gratuita de éste . El proyecto surge por el interés del Departamento de Física Aplicada de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia en disponer de un sistema de este tipo en su s laboratorios y su apli cación para realizar una nueva practica de laboratorio o demostración de aula para las asignaturas de Física de los primeros cursos que se imparten en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño (ETSID) , permitiendo a los alumnos, no sólo conocer la teoría, sino también, hacer uso de la diversa instrumentación de sus laboratorios.Penades Pla, A. (2018). Caracterización de la aceleración de un juego de poleas con una masa variable mediante el sensor de aceleración de un Smartphone. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/112847TFG

Identification and characterization of thousands of bacteriophage satellites across bacteria

Bacteriophage-bacteria interactions are affected by phage satellites, elements that exploit phages for transfer between bacteria. Satellites can encode defense systems, antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors, but their number and diversity are unknown. We developed SatelliteFinder to identify satellites in bacterial genomes, detecting the four best described families: P4-like, phage inducible chromosomal islands (PICI), capsid-forming PICI, and PICI-like elements (PLE). We vastly expanded the number of described elements to ∼5000, finding bacterial genomes with up to three different families of satellites. Most satellites were found in Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, but some are in novel taxa such as Actinobacteria. We characterized the gene repertoires of satellites, which are variable in size and composition, and their genomic organization, which is very conserved. Phylogenies of core genes in PICI and cfPICI indicate independent evolution of their hijacking modules. There are few other homologous core genes between other families of satellites, and even fewer homologous to phages. Hence, phage satellites are ancient, diverse, and probably evolved multiple times independently. Given the many bacteria infected by phages that still lack known satellites, and the recent proposals for novel families, we speculate that we are at the beginning of the discovery of massive numbers and types of satellites

Staphylococcus aureus in animals

Staphylococcus aureus is a mammalian commensal and opportunistic pathogen that colonizes niches such as skin, nares and diverse mucosal membranes of about 20-30% of the human population. S. aureus can cause a wide spectrum of diseases in humans and both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant strains are common causes of nosocomial- and community-acquired infections. Despite the prevalence of literature characterising staphylococcal pathogenesis in humans, S. aureus is a major cause of infection and disease in a plethora of animal hosts leading to a significant impact on public health and agriculture. Infections in animals are deleterious to animal health, and animals can act as a reservoir for staphylococcal transmission to humans. Host-switching events between humans and animals and amongst animals are frequent and have been accentuated with the domestication and/or commercialisation of specific animal species. Host-switching is typically followed by subsequent adaptation through acquisition and/or loss of mobile genetic elements such as phages, pathogenicity islands and plasmids as well as further host-specific mutations allowing it to expand into new host populations. In this chapter, we will be giving an overview of S. aureus in animals, how this bacterial species was, and is, being transferred to new host species and the key elements thought to be involved in its adaptation to new ecological host niches. We will also highlight animal hosts as a reservoir for the development and transfer of antimicrobial resistance determinants