44 research outputs found
Le gisement pléistocène moyen de Galeria Pesada (Estrémadure, Portugal) : premiers résultats
Les fouilles de la grotte de Galeria Pesada (complexe karstique d’Almonda, Torres Novas) livrent de riches assemblages lithiques et osseux datés du Pléistocène moyen final (fouilles 1997-1999). Les ensembles lithiques sont caractérisés par une combinaison d’outils classiques de l’Acheuléen, d’une abondante série d’outils bifaciaux (foliacés, petits bifaces asymétriques, Keilmesser, etc.) et de nombreux racloirs, souvent en quartz. Cette industrie n’a pas d’équivalent jusqu’à présent dans la Péninsule ibérique. Elle est associée à une faune dominée par les Cervidés et les Equidés dont les ossements présentent un fort pourcentage de marques de boucherie, démontrant une exploitation intensive (consommation) des carcasses par les anciens hominidés.Excavations at the late Middle Pleistocene cave site of Galeria Pesada in Portuguese Estremadura have uncovered a series of lithic assemblages associated with abundant faunal remains (Excavations 1997-1999). The lithic assemblages are all similar and consist of a combination of a few classic Acheulean tools, a rich series of bifacial tools (foliates, small asymmetric bifaces, Keilmesser, etc.), and a large number of scrapers, often on quartz. These assemblages, unknown to date in the rest of Iberia, are associated with Cervids and Equids, cut marks on bones indicate extensive and intensive carcass modification and consumption by hominids
Factors associated with the development of septic shock in patients with candidemia: A post hoc analysis from two prospective cohorts
Background: Almost one third of the patients with candidemia develop septic shock. The understanding why some patients do and others do not develop septic shock is very limited. The objective of this study was to identify variables associated with septic shock development in a large population of patients with candidemia. Methods: A post hoc analysis was performed on two prospective, multicenter cohort of patients with candidemia from 12 hospitals in Spain and Italy. All episodes occurring from September 2016 to February 2018 were analyzed to assess variables associated with septic shock development defined according to The Third International Consensus Definition for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). Results: Of 317 candidemic patients, 99 (31.2%) presented septic shock attributable to candidemia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identifies the following factors associated with septic shock development: age > 50 years (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.03-6.41, p = 0.04), abdominal source of the infection (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.04-4.55, p = 0.04), and admission to a general ward at the time of candidemia onset (OR 0.21, 95% CI, 0.12-0.44, p = 0.001). Septic shock development was independently associated with a greater risk of 30-day mortality (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.08-4.24, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Age and abdominal source of the infection are the most important factors significantly associated with the development of septic shock in patients with candidemia. Our findings suggest that host factors and source of the infection may be more important for development of septic shock than intrinsic virulence factors of organisms
Method-dependent epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) for detection of triazole resistance in Candida and Aspergillus species for the SYO colorimetric broth and Etest agar diffusion methods
Although the Sensitrite Yeast-One (SYO) and Etest methods are widely utilized, interpretive criteria are not available for triazole susceptibility testing of Candida or Aspergillus species. We collected fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole SYO and Etest MICs from 39 laboratories representing all continents for (method-agent-dependent): 11,171 Candida albicans, 215 C. dubliniensis, 4,418 C. glabrata species complex (SC), 157 C. (Meyerozyma) guilliermondii, 676 C. krusei (Pichia kudriavzevii), 298 C (Clavispora) lusitaniae, 911 and 3,691 C. parapsilosissensu stricto (SS) and C. parapsilosisSC, respectively, 36 C. metapsilosis, 110 C. orthopsilosis, 1,854 C. tropicalis, 244 Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1,409 Aspergillus fumigatus, 389 A. flavus, 130 A. nidulans, 233 A. niger, and 302 A. terreus complexes. SYO/Etest MICs for 282 confirmed non-WT isolates were included: ERG11 (C. albicans), ERG11 and MRR1 (C. parapsilosis), cyp51A (A. fumigatus), and CDR2, CDR1 overexpression (C. albicans and C. glabrata, respectively). Interlaboratory modal agreement was superior by SYO for yeast spp., and by the Etest for Aspergillus spp. Distributions fulfilling CLSI criteria for ECV definition were pooled and we proposed SYO ECVs for S. cerevisiae, 9 yeast and 3 Aspergillus species, and Etest ECVs for 5 yeast and 4 Aspergillus species. The posaconazole SYO ECV of 0.06 \ub5g/ml for C. albicans and the Etest itraconazole ECV of 2 \ub5g/ml for A. fumigatus were the best predictors of non-WT isolates. These findings support the need for method-dependent ECVs, as overall, the SYO appears to perform better for susceptibility testing of yeast spp. and the Etest for Aspergillus spp. Further evaluations should be conducted with more Candida mutants
Differentiation of Candida species obtained from nosocomial candidemia using RAPD-PCR technique
Integrating climate change criteria in reforestation projects using a hybrid decision-support system
The selection of appropriate species in a reforestation project has always been a complex decision making problem in which, due mostly to government policies and other stakeholders, not only economic criteria but also other environmental issues interact. Climate change has not usually been
taken into account in traditional reforestation decision-making strategies and management procedures. Moreover, there is a lack of agreement on the percentage of each one of the species in reforestation planning, which is usually calculated in a discretionary way. In this context, an effective multicriteria technique has been developed in order to improve the process of selecting species for reforestation in the Mediterranean region of Spain. A hybrid Delphi-AHP methodology is proposed, which includes a consistency analysis in order to reduce random choices. As a result, this technique provides an optimal percentage distribution of the appropriate species to be used in reforestation planning. The highest values of the weight given for each subcriteria corresponded to FR (fire forest response) and PR (pests and diseases risk), because of the increasing importance of the impact of climate change in the forest. However, CB (conservation of biodiversitiy)was in the third position in line with the aim of reforestation. Therefore, the most suitable species were Quercus faginea (19.75%) and Quercus ilex (19.35%), which offer a good balance between all the factors affecting the success and viability of reforestation.Curiel Esparza, J.; González Utrillas, NV.; CantĂł PerellĂł, J.; MartĂn Utrillas, MG. (2015). Integrating climate change criteria in reforestation projects using a hybrid decision-support system. Environmental Research Letters. 10(9):1-13. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/094022S113109Amraoui, M., Pereira, M. G., DaCamara, C. C., & Calado, T. J. (2015). Atmospheric conditions associated with extreme fire activity in the Western Mediterranean region. Science of The Total Environment, 524-525, 32-39. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.032Barajas-Guzmán, M. G., & Barradas, V. L. (2014). 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Candida colonization index and subsequent infection in critically ill surgical patients: 20Â years later
Algunos aspectos de la ecologĂa de los micromamĂferos del PaĂs Vasco.
En base al material de egagrĂłpilas de 191 localidades del PaĂs Vasco y de zonas de Burgos y La Rioja, se han estudiado diversos aspectos de la ecologĂa de los pequeños mamĂferos. El cálculo de las lĂneas de diversidad permite construir un paralelismo entre la lĂnea para H'= 1.5 y la isoyeta de 800 mm. Â
Se puede observar una fuerte correlaciĂłn entre la precipitaciĂłn y la diversidad. Las lĂneas de porcentaje muestran la distribuciĂłn de las especies en el territorio en estudio. La matriz de correlaciĂłn entre las diferentes especies muestra por un lado un grupo de especies centroeuropeas: Crocidura Â
suaveolens, Sorex coronatus, S. minutus, Neomys fodiens, Pitymys pyrenaicus, Microtus agrestis y Microtus minutus, y por otro un grupo de especies mediterráneas: Mus sp., Suncus etruscus y Â
Pitymys duodecimcostatus. Entre las variables ambientales analizadas se puede destacar la
precipitaciĂłn, correlacionada significativamente con 11 especies, mientras la isoterma media anual presenta, Ăşnicamente, 6 correlaciones significativas
Comparison of Anidulafungin MICs Determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Broth Microdilution Method (M27-A3 Document) and Etest for Candida Species Isolates â–ż
Anidulafungin Etest and CLSI MICs were compared for 143 Candida sp. isolates to assess essential (within 2 log2 dilutions) and categorical agreements (according to three susceptibility breakpoints). Based on agreement percentages, our data indicated that Etest is not suitable to test anidulafungin against Candida parapsilosis and C. guilliermondii (54.4 to 82.4% essential and categorical agreements) but is more suitable for C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis (87.9 to 100% categorical agreement)
Comparison of 24-Hour and 48-Hour Voriconazole MICs as Determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Broth Microdilution Method (M27-A3 Document) in Three Laboratories: Results Obtained with 2,162 Clinical Isolates of Candida spp. and Other Yeastsâ–ż
We evaluated the performance of the 24-h broth microdilution voriconazole MIC by obtaining MICs for 2,162 clinical isolates of Candida spp. and other yeasts; the 24-h results were compared to 48-h reference MICs to assess essential, as well as categorical, agreement. Although the overall essential agreement was 88.6%, it ranged from 96.4 to 100% for 6 of the 11 species or groups of yeasts tested. The overall categorical agreement was 93.2%, and it was above 90% for eight species. However, unacceptable percentages of very major errors (false susceptibility) were observed for Candida albicans (2.7%), C. glabrata (4.1%), C. tropicalis (9.7%), and other less common yeast species (9.8%). Since it is essential to identify potentially resistant isolates and breakpoints are based on 48-h MICs, it appears that the 24-h MIC is not as clinically useful as the 48-h reference MIC. However, further characterization of these falsely susceptible MICs for three of the four common Candida spp. is needed to understand whether these errors are due to trailing misinterpretation or if the 48-h incubation is required to detect voriconazole resistance. Either in vivo versus in vitro correlations or the determination of resistance mechanisms should be investigated