Repeated applications of compost and manure mainly affect the size and chemical nature of particulate organic matter in a loamy soil after 8 years

Repeated applications of compost and manure mainly affect the size and chemical nature of particulate organic matter in a loamy soil after 8 years. EGU2013 European Geosciences Union General Assembly 201

Use of Penicillium bilaiae to improve phosphorus bioavailability of thermally treated sewage sludge:A potential novel type biofertiliser

This study explored the potential of different phosphorus (P)-rich sewage sludge biochars and ashes to be colonised and be used as a P sources for the phosphate-solubilising fungus, Penicilliurn bilaiae. P. bilaiae was inoculated on five different biochars and ashes supplemented with nutrient solution. Fungal colonisation, pH and water-extractable P (WEP) in the materials were determined after incubation.P. bilaiae colonised at similar rates on all materials tested, but colonisation was affected by glucose level, pH and total N content in the material. A pH decline, accompanied by an increase in WEP concentration, was observed in three materials. The amount of soluble P was significantly greater at the high glucose level and showed the largest relative increase in incineration ash (> 100-fold after 10 days). The results show a potential to use P-solubilising microorganisms to solubilise P from thermally converted sewage sludge, but the approach has to be further investigated regarding its effects in a soil/plant system

Rapid estimation of sugar release from winter wheat straw during bioethanol production using FTIR-photoacoustic spectroscopy

BACKGROUND: Complexity and high cost are the main limitations for high-throughput screening methods for the estimation of the sugar release from plant materials during bioethanol production. In addition, it is important that we improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which different chemical components are affecting the degradability of plant material. In this study, Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS) was combined with advanced chemometrics to develop calibration models predicting the amount of sugars released after pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw during bioethanol production, and the spectra were analysed to identify components associated with recalcitrance. RESULTS: A total of 1122 wheat straw samples from nine different locations in Denmark and one location in the United Kingdom, spanning a large variation in genetic material and environmental conditions during growth, were analysed. The FTIR-PAS spectra of non-pretreated wheat straw were correlated with the measured sugar release, determined by a high-throughput pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis (HTPH) assay. A partial least square regression (PLSR) calibration model predicting the glucose and xylose release was developed. The interpretation of the regression coefficients revealed a positive correlation between the released glucose and xylose with easily hydrolysable compounds, such as amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose. Additionally, a negative correlation with crystalline cellulose and lignin, which inhibits cellulose and hemicellulose hydrolysis, was observed. CONCLUSIONS: FTIR-PAS was used as a reliable method for the rapid estimation of sugar release during bioethanol production. The spectra revealed that lignin inhibited the hydrolysis of polysaccharides into monomers, while the crystallinity of cellulose retarded its hydrolysis into glucose. Amorphous cellulose and xylans were found to contribute significantly to the released amounts of glucose and xylose, respectively. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13068-015-0267-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Potentialité de stockage de carbone dans les sols par apport de matières organiques exogènes

The application of Exogenous Organic Matters (EOMs) of residual origin issued from agricultural, urban or industrial activities on croplands allows to increase soil organic matter (SOM) content and to improve soil fertility. Additionally, it could play a significant role in the mitigation of the net emissions of greenhouse gazes through C storage in soil. The development of predictive tools is necessary to better estimate the fate of EOMs in soil in the long-term. Additionally it is important to better know under which form the organic matter (OM) is accumulated into SOM after EOM application, this conditioning the potential reversibility of C sequestration in soil.This study aims at better understanding and predicting the dynamics of incorporation of the organic matter from exogenous organic matters (EOMs: manures, slurries, composts, sewage sludges etc.) into soil organic matter (SOM). It has been carried out in three steps: (i) the development of tools for EOM characterization in the laboratory to specify the chemical nature of EOMs and better estimate their fate in soil, (ii) the parameterization of the RothC model to simulate the C accumulation in soil following repeated EOM applications and (iii) the study of the changes in the chemical composition of SOM after repeated applications of EOMs.The study of the chemical composition of the soluble fraction of the Van Soest fractionation method revealed that the chemical nature of this fraction changed during EOM treatment by composting: this fraction is rich in polysaccharides at the beginning of composting and enriched in N-containing compounds stabilized at the end of composting.The potential of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the characterization of EOMs and their fate in soil was then assessed. Satisfactory predictions were obtained for the C and N contents of EOMs and for the Van Soest biochemical fractions of EOMs. The indicator of remaining organic C in soil (IROC), estimator of the residual fraction of EOM organic matter in soil over the long-term has been predicted satisfactorily. The potential of C storage over the long-term in soils subjected to repeated applications of EOMs was studied using results of 4 medium and long-term field experiments. Repeated applications of EOMs resulted in significant increases in soil C stocks that could be well reproduced with the RothC model that has been parameterized for simulation of C accumulation in soil following various EOM applications.Changes in SOM chemical composition due to the application of EOMs were studied in one of the field experiments (Qualiagro experiment). The SOM fraction of size > 50 µm was preferentially modified by EOMs inputs and enriched in lignin. The composition of the 0-50 µm SOM fraction was also modified but to a lesser extent and the changes were less directly related to the composition of the applied EOMs.L'apport aux sols de matières organiques exogènes (MOEs) d'origine résiduaire issues d'activités agricoles, urbaines ou industrielles permet d'augmenter les teneurs en matière organique des sols (MOS) et d'améliorer leur fertilité. De plus ces apports de MOEs pourraient contribuer à la limitation des émissions nettes de gaz à effet de serre en stockant du C dans les sols. Le développement d'outils de prédiction est nécessaire pour une meilleure estimation du devenir à long terme des MOEs apportées. De plus, il est important de savoir sous quelles formes la matière organique (MO) des MOEs est incorporée dans la MO du sol, ceci conditionnant la pérennité des accumulations de C après apports répétés de MOEs. Cette étude vise à mieux comprendre et prédire la dynamique d'incorporation de la MO de matières organiques exogènes dans la matière organique du sol. Elle s'est déroulée en trois étapes : (i), le développement et l'amélioration de méthodes de caractérisation de laboratoire permettant d'estimer le devenir des MOEs dans le sol (ii) le paramétrage du modèle RothC pour simuler l'accumulation de C dans les sols suite à l'apport de MOEs et (iii) l'étude des changements de composition chimique de la MOS suite à des apports répétés de MOEs.L'étude de la composition chimique de la fraction dite soluble du fractionnement biochimique Van Soest a révélé que la nature chimique de cette fraction de MO change lors du traitement par compostage des MOEs: elle est très riche en polysaccharides en début de compostage et s'enrichit en MO riche en composés azotés stabilisés au cours du compostage.Le potentiel d'utilisation de la spectroscopie proche infra-rouge (SPIR) pour caractériser les MOEs et leur devenir dans le sol a été étudié. Des prédictions satisfaisantes ont été obtenues pour les teneurs en C et N des MOEs ainsi que pour les fractions biochimiques Van Soest des MOEs. L'indicateur de stabilité de la MO (ISMO), estimateur de la fraction résiduelle de la MO des MOEs à long terme dans les sols, a été prédit de manière satisfaisante.La potentialité de stockage de C à long terme dans un sol soumis à des apports répétés de MOEs a été étudiée en utilisant des résultats de 4 essais au champ de moyenne et longue durées. les apports répétés de MOEs ont entrainé des augmentations significatives des stocks de C dans les sols qui ont pu être reproduites de façon satisfaisante avec le modèle RothC qui a été ainsi paramétrés pour pouvoir simuler des apports de MOEs de types divers.L'étude des changements dans la composition de la MOS suite à ces apports répétés de MOEs dans l'essai Qualiagro a révélé une modification préférentielle de la fraction de MOS particulaire de taille > 50 µm, en particulier par un enrichissement en lignine. La composition de la fraction de taille 0-50 µm est également modifiée mais dans une moindre mesure et de façon moins directement liée à la composition des MOEs apportées

Potential carbon storage in soil after exogenous organic matter applications

The application of Exogenous Organic Matters (EOMs) of residual origin issued from agricultural, urban or industrial activities on croplands allows to increase soil organic matter (SOM) content and to improve soil fertility. Additionally, it could play a significant role in the mitigation of the net emissions of greenhouse gazes through C storage in soil. The development of predictive tools is necessary to better estimate the fate of EOMs in soil in the long-term. Additionally it is important to better know under which form the organic matter (OM) is accumulated into SOM after EOM application, this conditioning the potential reversibility of C sequestration in soil.This study aims at better understanding and predicting the dynamics of incorporation of the organic matter from exogenous organic matters (EOMs: manures, slurries, composts, sewage sludges etc.) into soil organic matter (SOM). It has been carried out in three steps: (i) the development of tools for EOM characterization in the laboratory to specify the chemical nature of EOMs and better estimate their fate in soil, (ii) the parameterization of the RothC model to simulate the C accumulation in soil following repeated EOM applications and (iii) the study of the changes in the chemical composition of SOM after repeated applications of EOMs.The study of the chemical composition of the soluble fraction of the Van Soest fractionation method revealed that the chemical nature of this fraction changed during EOM treatment by composting: this fraction is rich in polysaccharides at the beginning of composting and enriched in N-containing compounds stabilized at the end of composting.The potential of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the characterization of EOMs and their fate in soil was then assessed. Satisfactory predictions were obtained for the C and N contents of EOMs and for the Van Soest biochemical fractions of EOMs. The indicator of remaining organic C in soil (IROC), estimator of the residual fraction of EOM organic matter in soil over the long-term has been predicted satisfactorily. The potential of C storage over the long-term in soils subjected to repeated applications of EOMs was studied using results of 4 medium and long-term field experiments. Repeated applications of EOMs resulted in significant increases in soil C stocks that could be well reproduced with the RothC model that has been parameterized for simulation of C accumulation in soil following various EOM applications.Changes in SOM chemical composition due to the application of EOMs were studied in one of the field experiments (Qualiagro experiment). The SOM fraction of size > 50 µm was preferentially modified by EOMs inputs and enriched in lignin. The composition of the 0-50 µm SOM fraction was also modified but to a lesser extent and the changes were less directly related to the composition of the applied EOMs.L'apport aux sols de matières organiques exogènes (MOEs) d'origine résiduaire issues d'activités agricoles, urbaines ou industrielles permet d'augmenter les teneurs en matière organique des sols (MOS) et d'améliorer leur fertilité. De plus ces apports de MOEs pourraient contribuer à la limitation des émissions nettes de gaz à effet de serre en stockant du C dans les sols. Le développement d'outils de prédiction est nécessaire pour une meilleure estimation du devenir à long terme des MOEs apportées. De plus, il est important de savoir sous quelles formes la matière organique (MO) des MOEs est incorporée dans la MO du sol, ceci conditionnant la pérennité des accumulations de C après apports répétés de MOEs. Cette étude vise à mieux comprendre et prédire la dynamique d'incorporation de la MO de matières organiques exogènes dans la matière organique du sol. Elle s'est déroulée en trois étapes : (i), le développement et l'amélioration de méthodes de caractérisation de laboratoire permettant d'estimer le devenir des MOEs dans le sol (ii) le paramétrage du modèle RothC pour simuler l'accumulation de C dans les sols suite à l'apport de MOEs et (iii) l'étude des changements de composition chimique de la MOS suite à des apports répétés de MOEs.L'étude de la composition chimique de la fraction dite soluble du fractionnement biochimique Van Soest a révélé que la nature chimique de cette fraction de MO change lors du traitement par compostage des MOEs: elle est très riche en polysaccharides en début de compostage et s'enrichit en MO riche en composés azotés stabilisés au cours du compostage.Le potentiel d'utilisation de la spectroscopie proche infra-rouge (SPIR) pour caractériser les MOEs et leur devenir dans le sol a été étudié. Des prédictions satisfaisantes ont été obtenues pour les teneurs en C et N des MOEs ainsi que pour les fractions biochimiques Van Soest des MOEs. L'indicateur de stabilité de la MO (ISMO), estimateur de la fraction résiduelle de la MO des MOEs à long terme dans les sols, a été prédit de manière satisfaisante.La potentialité de stockage de C à long terme dans un sol soumis à des apports répétés de MOEs a été étudiée en utilisant des résultats de 4 essais au champ de moyenne et longue durées. les apports répétés de MOEs ont entrainé des augmentations significatives des stocks de C dans les sols qui ont pu être reproduites de façon satisfaisante avec le modèle RothC qui a été ainsi paramétrés pour pouvoir simuler des apports de MOEs de types divers.L'étude des changements dans la composition de la MOS suite à ces apports répétés de MOEs dans l'essai Qualiagro a révélé une modification préférentielle de la fraction de MOS particulaire de taille > 50 µm, en particulier par un enrichissement en lignine. La composition de la fraction de taille 0-50 µm est également modifiée mais dans une moindre mesure et de façon moins directement liée à la composition des MOEs apportées

Use of NIRS to predict organic matter characteristics and RothC model pools of exogenous organic matter

NJF Report Vol 5 No 1absen

Repeated applications of compost and manure mainly affect the size and chemical nature of particulate organic matter in a loamy soil after 8 years

Repeated applications of compost and manure mainly affect the size and chemical nature of particulate organic matter in a loamy soil after 8 years. EGU2013 European Geosciences Union General Assembly 201

Modelling environmental impacts of land application of organic waste products with the DAISY model

UMR INRA EGC et PESSAC, Veolia EnvironnementModelling environmental impacts of land application of organic waste products with the DAISY model. 15. International Conferences of RAMIRAN (Network on R ecycling of Agricultural, Municipal and Industrial Residues in Agriculture