Thermodynamic optimisation of the systems PbO-SiO2, PbO-ZnO, ZnO-SiO2 and PbO-ZnO-SiO2

Liquidus-phase equilibrium data of the present authors for the PbO-ZnO-SiO system, combined with phase equilibrium and thermodynamic data from the literature, were optimized to obtain a selfconsistent set of parameters of thermodynamic models for all phases. The modified quasichemical model was used for the liquid slag phase. From these model parameters, the optimized ternary-phase diagram was back-calculated

A mathematical model for reactions during top-blowing in the AOD process:derivation of the model

Abstract In an earlier work, a fundamental mathematical model was proposed for side-blowing operation in the argon–oxygen decarburization (AOD) process. The purpose of this work is to present a new model, which focuses on the reactions during top-blowing in the AOD process. The model considers chemical reaction rate phenomena between the gas jet and the metal bath as well as between the gas jet and metal droplets. The rate expressions were formulated according to a law of mass action-based method, which accounts for the mass-transfer resistances in the liquid metal, gas, and slag phases. The generation rate of the metal droplets was related to the blowing number theory. This paper presents the description of the model, while validation and preliminary results are presented in the second part of this work