Campylobacter jejuni fatal sepsis in a patient with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: Case report and literature review of a difficult diagnosis

Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) bacteremia is difficult to diagnose in individuals with hematological disorders undergoing chemotherapy. The cause can be attributed to the rarity of this infection, to the variable clinical presentation, and to the partial overlapping symptoms underlying the disease. Here, we report a case of a fatal sepsis caused by C. jejuni in a 76-year-old Caucasian man with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. After chemotherapeutic treatment, the patient experienced fever associated with severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia without hemodynamic instability, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The slow growth of C. jejuni in the blood culture systems and the difficulty in identifying it with conventional biochemical phenotyping methods contributed to the delay of administering a targeted antimicrobial treatment, leading to a fatal outcome. Early recognition and timely intervention are critical for the successful management of C. jejuni infection. Symptoms may be difficult to recognize in immunocompromised patients undergoing chemotherapy. Thus, it is important to increase physician awareness regarding the clinical manifestations of C. jejuni to improve therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, the use of more aggressive empirical antimicrobial treatments with aminoglycosides and/or carbapenems should be considered in immunosuppressed patients, in comparison to those currently indicated in the guidelines for cancer-related infections supporting the use of cephalosporins as monotherapy

Misidentification of Streptococcus uberis as a human pathogen: a case report and literature review.

Summary Streptococcus uberis is an environmental bacterium responsible for bovine mastitis. It is occasionally described as a human pathogen, though in most cases the identification was based on biochemical phenotyping techniques. This report shows that the biochemical phenotyping may incorrectly identify Enterococcus faecium as S. uberis

In vivo study of fenvalerate on membrane in fluidity in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex of rats

The effects of fenvalerate on rat cerebral cortex and cerebellum cell membrane fluidity were investigated using a fluorescence polarization technique. The study was performed in vitro and in vivo, producing different data according to the experimental conditions. In vitro, fenvalerate induced a significant concentration-dependent increase in membrane fluidity in both brain regions; in vivo the authors observed that membrane fluidity increased in a dose and time dependent manner in the cerebellum cells of rats treated with fenvalerate for 2, 5 or 30 days, whilst no change was found in cerebral cortex cells. This latter result could be explained by the increasing accumulation of fenvalerate and its metabolites in the cerebellum where the levels of conjugation activity appear to be very low

Effects of fenvalerate on membrane in fluidity in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex of rats

The effects of fenvalerate on rat cerebral cortex and cerebellum cell membrane fluidity were investigated using a fluorescence polarization technique. The study was performed in vitro and in vivo, producing different data according to the experimental conditions. In vitro, fenvalerate induced a significant concentration-dependent increase in membrane fluidity in both brain regions; in vivo the authors observed that membrane fluidity increased in a dose and time dependent manner in the cerebellum cells of rats treated with fenvalerate for 2, 5 or 30 days, whilst no change was found in cerebral cortex cells. This latter result could be explained by the increasing accumulation of fenvalerate and its metabolites in the cerebellum where the levels of conjugation activity appear to be very low

Ralstonia mannitolilytica infections in an oncologic day ward: description of a cluster among high-risk patients

Abstract Background Ralstonia spp, an environmental microorganism, has been occasionally associated with healthcare infections. The aim of this study was to investigate an outbreak caused by Ralstonia mannitolilytica in oncology patients. Methods Case definition: Oncology outpatients attending a day ward, with positive blood and/or central venous catheter (CVC) culture for Ralstonia spp from September 2013 – June 2014. We analysed medical records, procedures and environmental samples. R. mannitolilytica was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, and typed by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE); resistance to carbapenemes was investigated by phenotypic and molecular methods. Results The patients (N = 22) had different malignancies and received different therapy; all had a CVC and 16 patients presented chills and/or fever. R. mannitolilytica was isolated from both blood and CVC (n = 12) or only blood (n = 6) or CVC tips (n = 4). The isolates had indistinguishable PFGE profile, and showed resistance to carbapenems. All the isolates were negative for carbapenemase genes while phenotypic tests suggests the presence of an AmpC β-lactamase activity,responsible for carbapenem resistance. All patients had had CVC flushed with saline to keep the venous access pervious or before receiving chemotherapy at various times before the onset of symptoms. After the first four cases occurred, the multi-dose saline bottles used for CVC flushing were replaced with single-dose vials; environmental samples were negative for R. mannitolilytica. Conclusions Although the source of R. mannitolilytica remains unidentified, CVC flushing with contaminated saline solution seems to be the most likely origin of R. mannitolilytica CVC colonization and subsequent infections. In order to prevent similar outbreaks we recommend removal of any CVC that is no longer necessary and the use of single-dose solutions for any parenteral treatment of oncology patients