Atık çay ekstrakt boyasının çeşitli mordan-su çözücülü vernikle ahşapta kullanımı ve sertlik değişimine etkisi

In this study, the potentiality of using the organic dying material obtained from the tea plant extracts in the wood protection industry is analyzed and the total retention (Kg/m(3)), retention %, and upper surface processing (hardness) in wood is determined. Natural coloring agent in the world and in Turkey soft drink consumed in tea, that ocur during the processing of the extract was obtained as waste tea according to ISO 9768 standards. For this purpose, developed the tea dye as surface coating material and double component waterborne varnish were applied on the wood surfaces such as pine (Pinus silvestris L.), beech (Fagus orientalis L hardness changes values are calculated. According to experimental results, the highest retention rate belongs to Beech wood (6.75 %), the lowest to scotch pine (5.61%). The total value of highest retention belongs to Beech wood (100.65 kg/m(3)) and the lowest to scotch pine (68.18 kg /m(3)) were obtained. The highest value of hardness change water based varnish (37.60) beech wood is obtained, at least the value of hardness change (17.60) tea dye was beech wood

Antioxidant stone water (human/friendly environment) thermal (thermogravimetric-TGA) combustion properties in biohazard (insect/fungus) wood

In this study, four different wood species walnut (Juglans regia L.), chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), Poplar (Populus nigra), scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were chosen and test samples were prepared according to TS 2470 principles. Especially the pine wood by taking the structure (with fungus, fungus/insect, insect), flawless wood structure is compared with the flawed wood structure. The impregnation process was carried out according to ASTM D 1413 -76 principles. Effects of the chemical characteristics of the determined Stone Water (Firetex) on the thermal decomposition properties of wood (burning degrees, degradation temperature points and residue amount) were determined with TGA (thermogravimetric analysis). According to the results of the experiment; the highest retention value was found in poplar (23.56%) and the lowest retention (12.79%) in chestnut was determined. Amount of residue; 60.84% of the highest on scotch pine wood with fungus and 56.70% of the lowest value was determined on poplar wood. Thermal deterioration was determined between 226.41-405.04 o C on wood

Evaluation of the extract obtained from various medicinal and aromatic plants “antibacterial and antioxidant⇝ in the wood industry

Throughout the history of mankind, various plants (medicinal aromatics etc.) have been used naturally to prevent all diseases, or they have been used in a wide range of fields, especially in the pharmaceutical industry, by cultivating in agriculture/greenhouse areas. However, as a result of the protection and coloring of the wood material by chemically, especially the indoor contamination causes negative effects on human health. The main objective of this study is to use the wooden product in wooden child toys, hospitals, sterile areas, pharmacies, wood-based materials used in the kitchen (fork, knife, serving plates and chopping boards etc.), playgrounds, dining table surfaces, nursery and kindergarten furniture, beehives etc. In addition, it will be recommended to use on all surfaces where there is an antibacterial / antioxidant effect, as well as on the surfaces with collective contact such as door handles, cabinet handles, elevator buttons and cash dispenser keys. In research, extracts of Evelik (Rumex patientia L.) and Çakşır (Ferula comunis L.) herbs (1% concentration) from medicinal aromatic plants were prepared and spruce and mahogany wood were used as wood type. According to ASTM D 143-76 principles, retention and bending resistance properties were determined by impregnation according to the results of the experiment, the highest retention (0.55%) and bending strength (100.20 N/mm2 ) were determined in Evelik plant and the optimum increase was determined when the results were compared with the control sample

Çevre dostu borlu bileşiklerin mobilya endüstrisinde kullanım olanakları

This study was performed to determine the effects of impregnation with boron compounds and water repellents on the dimensional stability of wood. For this purpose, the test specimens prepared from scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood which met the requirements of TS 345 and TS 1476 standards procedures were single, double or multi treated according to ASTM D 1413-76 standard procedure with some boron compounds such as boric acid (Ba) and borax (Bx), some water repellent materials (WRM) such as styrene, methyl methacryrilate, izocyonate, polyethyleneglychol-400 (PEG-400), and some commercial impregnation materials such as Tanalith-CBC (T-CBC), ammonium sulfate (AS), diamonium phosphate (DAP), and vacsol. As a result, secondary treatment with WRM decreases amount of leached material. Water absorption ratio of wood was lowest in the treatment only with WRM, boron compounds and in secondary treatment of PEG-400 with WRM. Order of convenience for dimensional stability was like WRM>(Ba+Bx)+WRM>PEG-400+WRM>commercial impregnation materials. Order of convenience for volumetric shrinkage efficiency was like (Ba+Bx)+WRM>PEG-400+WRM>AS, DAP, T-CBC. WRM was found more successful in leaching prevention when used as a secondary treatment after PEG- 400. So, the wood which will be used in open air and high relative humidity conditions, secondary impregnation with WRM is recommended.Bu çalışmada, odun koruma ve çalışmayı azaltma amacıyla kullanılan bazı kimyasal maddelerin emprenye maddesi yıkanması ve hacimsel stabiliteye etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu maksatla, sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) odunundan TS 345 ve TS 1476’ya göre hazırlanan örnekler, ASTM D 1413-76 esaslarına göre; Borik asit (Ba), Boraks (Bx), Polietilenglikol 400 (PEG-400) ve bazı borlu bileşiklerden; Ba+Bx, Ba+Bx+St, Ba+Bx+MMA, Ba+Bx+St+MMA, su itici maddelerden (SİM); Stiren (St), Metilmetakrilat (MMA), İzosiyanat (ISO), ticari emprenye maddelerinden; Tanalith-CBC (T-CBC), Amonyum sülfat (AS), Diamonyum fosfat (DAP) ve Vacsol (V) ile tekli, ikili veya çoklu işlemler halinde emprenye edildikten sonra AWPA N-10 ve ASTM D 1413-76 esaslarına uyularak 6, 24, 48 ve 72 saat süreyle yıkanma etkisinde bırakılmıştır. Yıkanma etkisi sonucu boyutsal çalışma ve emprenye maddesi yıkanma miktarlarına göre; yıkanma süresi arttıkça yıkanan madde miktarı azalmıştır. Borlu bileşikler ve bunların ikincil SİM işlemli uygulamaları yıkanan madde miktarını azaltmıştır. Su alma oranları zamana bağlı olarak artmakta, en az su alma oranı SİM’lerin tek başına kullanımında ve Borlu bileşikler ile PEG-400’ün SİM’ler ile ikincil işlemli emprenyesinde elde edilmiştir. Odunda stabilite sağlamada uygunluk sırası; SİM>Ba+Bx+SİM>PEG– 400+SİM>Ticari emprenye maddeleri şeklinde olmuştur. Hacimsel daralmayı azaltıcı etkenlik bakımından uygunluk sırası; (Ba+Bx)+SİM>PEG–400+SİM>AS, DAP, T-CBC şeklindedir. Su itici etkenlik değeri bakımından, PEG-400’ün SİM’li uygulamaları başarılı bulunmuştur. SİM’lerin yıkanmayı engelleme etkenliğinin PEG-400’lü gruplarla emprenyede daha başarılı olduğu söylenebilir. Buna göre; açık hava yada yüksek nem şartlarında kullanılacak ve su etkisi ile odundan yıkanarak uzaklaşabilecek suda çözünen borlu bileşikler ile emprenye edilmiş sarıçam odununda emprenye maddesi yıkanmasını engellemek, su alma oranını azaltmak, su ititci etkenliği arttırmak ve boyutsal stabiliteyi düzenlemek maksadıyla SİM’lerle ikincil emprenye uygulamaları önerilebili

Some mechanical properties and decay resistance of wood impregnated with environmentally-friendly borates

This study was made to determine some mechanical properties such as compression strength parallel to grain, modulus of rupture, and decay resistance of wood treated with some environmentally-friendly borates. Sodium tetrafluoroborate (SFB), ammonium tetrafluoroborate, (AFB), and ammonium pentaborate octahydrate (APB) were used as borates. Wood specimens were prepared from Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L) and Scots pine (Pin us sylvestris L.). Before tests, wood specimens were impregnated with aqueous solutions (0.25%, 0.50%, 1.50%, and 3.00%) of borates according to ASTM D 1413-76. Results showed that compression strength parallel to grain (CSPG) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of wood specimens treated with borates were lower compared to untreated control specimen. In general, our results showed that the higher concentration levels of borates, the lower mechanical properties of wood resulted. Borate treated wood showed considerable resistance to the decay fungus compared to that of untreated control specimen. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

The effect of heat treatment on the some physical and mechanical properties of beech (fagus orientalis lipsky) wood

This study describes the effect of heat treatment on the some of the physical and mechanical properties of beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) wood at different temperatures and times. Samples of beech wood were heat-treated at 150, 175, and 200 degrees C for 1, 3 and 5 h. The mechanical properties of the heat-treated and untreated samples were determined by bending tests, modulus of elasticity in bending, compression strength parallel to grain, and Brinell hardness. Physical properties were determined by weight loss, density, and volumetric swelling tests. The results showed that the heat treatment increased the weight loss, density loss and dimensional stabilization. In addition, an increase was observed for compression strength parallel to grain (except for at 200 degrees C for 5 h), while a small increase was determined in the bending strength, modulus of elasticity in bending, hardness values of heat-treated wood samples at 150 degrees C for 1 and 3 h. However, the heat treatment at higher temperature and duration clearly decreased bending strength, modulus of elasticity in bending, and hardness

Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis) leaf, a medicinal plant

In the study, sweetgum tree (Liquidambar orientalis), which is an endemic species that grows in Mugla, Koycegiz and is applied for medicinal purposes among the public, its leaves was examined. The antioxidant ability of the extract obtained from dried plant leaves has been evaluated using a variety of methods which are Total Phenolic Substance, Total Flavonoid, FRAP, CUPRAC, DPPH, and ABTS(+). Simultaneously, the antimicrobial activity of the plant extract was examined using disk diffusion and microdilution methods to determine the minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC). While the total phenolic content of Liquidambar orientalis extract was 96.34 mg GAE/g, the total amount of flavonoid was 2.15 mg QE/g. When the results of the antioxidant analysis were examined, it was observed that it had a good level of antioxidant activity with the results of 49.25 +/- 0.54 mmol TEAC/g according to the CUPRAC method, 39.83 +/- 0.25 mu mol Fe/g according to the FRAP method, 80.34 mu g/mL according to the DPPH method and 51.20 mu g/mL according to the ABTS(+) method. As a result of the antimicrobial analysis, it was indicated that L. orientalis extract was more effective on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which is a gram-positive bacterium and causes a wide variety of clinical diseases. Even, L. orientalis extract with an MIC value of 10 mg/mL has been found to have a higher antibacterial effect than Amoxicillin+Clavulanic acid, which is used as a standard drug in that field. This research is significant because it is the first to report the determination of all biological activities for L. orientalis, including total polyphenols, flavonoid contents, antioxidant content, and antimicrobial activity

Testing of waste vegetable oils as color modifiers in American walnut (Juglans nigra L.) wood

American walnut (Juglans nigra L.) wood is used for veneer due to its beautifully grained and dark-colored wood. This study was conducted to test the use of plant waste oils as color modifiers on American walnut wood. As waste vegetable oils, discarded walnut, olive, corn, and sunflower oils were employed. After applying waste oils to the wooden surfaces, several surface properties (brightness, color, and whiteness index: WI*) were determined. It was observed that multivariate analysis of variance tests conducted for WI* values and color parameters were found to be statistically significant. For all vegetable waste oils, decreases were identified in L*, C*, h o , and b* parameters, as well as in WI* values and glossiness values (for all degrees and orientations). The ∆E* values were measured at 19.18 for sunflower, 22.02 for walnut, 22.65 for corn, and 19.49 for olive. Each of the discarded vegetable oils had an impact on the color of the wooden surface.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effects examination of the factors affecting choice of type of furniture with data mining technique (decision tree)

Data mining is the process of analyzing data from different perspectives and summarizing it into beneficial information. Data mining is a very important technique in determining customer behavior. However, the work done on this subject is limited. By analyzing customer behavior, consumer needs can be identified and satisfaction can be increased at the same time. In this study, factors (age, gender, marital status, child status) affecting the selection of the furniture type (classical and modern furniture) will be analyzed using decision tree which is one of the techniques of data mining. Our analysis is intended to guide future research and to assist in the accumulation of knowledge on the implementation of data mining techniques

An Evaluation on the Determinants of FinancialDevelopment: Literature Survey

In the economic development process, important role of financial sector has long been emphasized in the literature. Especially with the emergence of endogenous growth theory, this relationship has again become very attractive and it is stated that financial development is one of the determinants of economic growth. However this whole literature did not sufficiently explain how the financial development occurs. Financial liberalization hypothesis has been a starting point to explain the financial development. In addition, recently, it is seen that studies which examine the process of financial development has increasingly increased and, within this vein, it is emphasized that legal origin, liberalizations of foreign trade and capital account, institutional structure, deposit insurance, efficient supervision and regulation and policy framework for macro economy influence financial developmentFinancial Development, Financial Liberalization, Legal Origin, Domestic and External Liberalization, Deposit Insurance, Efficient Supervision and Regulation