Association of Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2) Genotype with Gray Matter Volume Shrinkage in Chronic Alcohol Users: Replication and Further Evaluation of an Addiction Gene Panel.

BackgroundReduction in brain volume, especially gray matter volume, has been shown to be one of the many deleterious effects of prolonged alcohol consumption. High variance in the degree of gray matter tissue shrinkage among alcohol-dependent individuals and a previous neuroimaging genetics report suggest the involvement of environmental and/or genetic factors, such as superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Identification of such underlying factors will help in the clinical management of alcohol dependence.MethodsWe analyzed quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and genotype data from 103 alcohol users, including both light drinkers and treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent individuals. Genotyping was performed using a custom gene array that included genes selected from 8 pathways relevant to chronic alcohol-related brain volume loss.ResultsWe replicated a significant association of a functional SOD2 single nucleotide polymorphism with normalized gray matter volume, which had been reported previously in an independent smaller sample of alcohol-dependent individuals. The SOD2-related genetic protection was observed only at the cohort's lower drinking range. Additional associations between normalized gray matter volume and other candidate genes such as alcohol dehydrogenase gene cluster (ADH), GCLC, NOS3, and SYT1 were observed across the entire sample but did not survive corrections for multiple comparisons.ConclusionConverging independent evidence for a SOD2 gene association with gray matter volume shrinkage in chronic alcohol users suggests that SOD2 genetic variants predict differential brain volume loss mediated by free radicals. This study also provides the first catalog of genetic variations relevant to gray matter loss in chronic alcohol users. The identified gene-brain structure relationships are functionally pertinent and merit replication

心理资本干预对抑郁症患者的影响

Objective: To explore the effect of psychological capital intervention on the depressed patients. Method: 62 patients with depression were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. Control group was taken with drug treatment, experimental group was taken with drug treatment and psychological capital intervention. Two groups of patients had been evaluated by psychological capital questionnaire (PPQ) and depression self rating scale (SDS) , before and after treatment. Results: After treatment, the two groups of patients’ scores of PPQ and SDS both dropped significantly. The treatment results of the experimental group was better than the control group. Conclusion: In conventional drug treatment with psychological intervention of capital at the same time, can efetively improve the patients’ level of psychological capital, significantly alleviate symptoms of depression.目的：探讨心理资本干预在抑郁症治疗中的影响。方法：将62例患者随机分为对照组和实验组。对照组给予药物常规治疗，实验组在常规治疗的基础上同时辅以心理资本干预。两组均在首诊及治疗6周后，采用心理资本问卷（PPQ）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）进行评定。结果：治疗后，两组患者的心理资本问卷、抑郁自评表得分均下降显著；实验组效果明显优于对照组。结论：在常规药物治疗的同时辅以心理资本干预，能有效提高患者的心理资本水平，显著缓解抑郁症状

A review of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in Chinese soils

Ammonia (NH3) oxidation, the first and rate-limiting step of nitrification, is a key step in the global Nitrogen (N) cycle. Major advances have been made in recent years in our knowledge and understanding of the microbial communities involved ammonia oxidation in a wide range of habitats, including Chinese agricultural soils. In this mini-review, we focus our attention on the distribution and community diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) in Chinese soils with variable soil properties and soil management practices. The niche differentiation of AOB and AOA in contrasting soils have been functionally demonstrated using DNA-SIP (stable isotope probing) methods, which have shown that AOA dominate nitrification processes in acidic soils, while AOB dominated in neutral, alkaline and N-rich soils. Finally, we discuss the composition and activity of ammonia oxidizer in paddy soils, as well as the mitigation of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and nitrate leaching via inhibition of nitrification by both AOB and AOA

Research on BOM Mapping transformation for Ship Construction Process

Abstract: Due to the problem about the core departmental "information isolated island" with BOM, various stages of ship product design section are convergence off and impeded the construction of agile ship the product. In this paper, first, establish the various stages of the ship product BOM structure model, based on a comparison of the structural model analysis, design a more practical conversion method, and then describe the conversion process about the ship product life cycle BOM view in order to quickly build a variety of BOM view. Keywords: BOM; BOM tectonic model; BOM view of conversio

miR-15a and miR-16-1 inhibit the proliferation of leukemic cells by down-regulating WT1 protein level

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>miR-15a and miR-16-1(miR-15a/16-1) have been implicated as tumor suppressors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and acute myeloid leukemic cells. However the mechanism of inhibiting the proliferation of leukemic cells is poorly understood.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>K562 and HL-60 cells were transfected with pRS-15/16 or pRS-E, cell growth were measured by CCK-8 assay and direct cell count. Meanwhile WT1 protein and mRNA level were measured by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study we found that over-expression of miR-15a/16-1 significantly inhibited K562 and HL-60 cells proliferation. Enforced expression of miR-15a/16-1 in K562 and HL-60 cells significantly reduced the protein level of WT1 but not affected the mRNA level. However enforced expression of miR-15a/16-1 can not reduce the activity of a luciferase reporter carrying the 3'-untranslated region(3'UTR) of WT1. Silencing of WT1 by specific siRNA suppressed leukemic cells proliferation resembling that of miR-15a/16-1 over-expression. Anti-miR-15a/16-1 oligonucleotides (AMO) reversed the expression of WT1 in K562 and HL-60 cells. Finally, we found a significant inverse correlation between miR-15a or miR-16-1 expression and WT1 protein levels in primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts and normal controls.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These data suggest that miR-15a/16-1 may function as a tumor suppressor to regulate leukemic cell proliferation potentially by down-regulating the WT1 oncogene. However WT1 is not directly targeted by miR-15a/16-1 through miRNA-mRNA base pairing, therefore more study are required to understand the mechanism by which miR-15a/16-1 downregulate WT1.</p

AOB Nitrosospira cluster 3a.2 (D11) dominates N2O emissions in fertilised agricultural soils.

CRediT authorship contribution statement Na Deng: Writing – review & editing, Methodology, Investigation, Data curation. Cecile Gubry-Rangin: Writing – review & editing, Methodology, Conceptualization. Xiao-Tong Song: Writing – review & editing, Methodology, Data curation. Xiao-Tang Ju: Writing – review & editing, Conceptualization. Si-Yi Liu: Methodology, Data curation. Ju-Pei Shen: Writing – review & editing, Data curation. Hong-jie Di: Writing – review & editing. Li-Li Han: Writing – review & editing, Methodology. Li-Mei Zhang: Writing – review & editing, Methodology, Data curation, Conceptualization.Peer reviewe

合唱活动对中老年的健康促进

Objective: Assessment of chorus activity on elderly health promotion in the level of immunity, cardiopulmonary function and mental health. Methods: 3 groups of related data within 68 members in the chorus before training, training for 6 months and 12 months were counted and analyzed by computer analysis software. Compared with 50 cases of the same age group, that was collected at the same period, about data at 3 stages. Results: The average data of three phases of chorus is: immune level (CD4): 662.38, 761.22, 764.15, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): 61.11, 61.13, 62.66, short axial shortening rate (FS): 32.61, 32.88, 33.65, lung function tidal volume (TV):1.06, 1.18, 1.16, forced vital capacity (FVC): 2.76, 2.85, 2.95, 1s forced expiratory volume (FEV1): 2.31, 2.42, 2.55, 1s rate (FEV1/FVC): 83.69, 84.91, 86.44, the chase volume (MVV is): 83.25, 81.11, 81.93, mental health score values 124.44, 125.67, 126.22, in addition to that, the TV, MVV and mental health score (SF - 36) did not change outside, other indicators, including the CD4, LVEF, FS, FVC, FEV and FEV1/FVC all have different degrees of ascension. Among them, the CD4 in training after 6 months improved obviously, little change after 12 months. Cardiac function index: EF and FS were improved after training 12 months. Lung function, FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC are ascending after training for 6 months and for 12 months. The average data of three phases)of the other group is: immune level (CD4) : 660.24, 661.85, 661.32, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): 61.33, 61.28, 61.31, short axial shortening rate (FS): 32.55, 32.38, 32.46, lung function tidal volume (TV): 1.16, 1.17, 1.16，forced vital capacity (FVC): 2.74, 2.76, 2.76, 1s forced expiratory volume (FEV1): 2.30, 2.31, 2.30,1s rate (FEV1/FVC): 83.94, 83.69, 83.33, the chase volume (MVV is): 83.35, 82.49, 83.06, mental health score values 125.31, 124.86, 124.93. No changes were found in all measurement data of all 3 stages in the other group. Conclusions: The scientific, reasonable and continued chorus training has different degrees of help for raising the level of immune, improving cardiopulmonary function and raising the level of overall health to elderly.目的  评估合唱活动对中老年人群在机体免疫水平、心肺功能及心理健康等方面的促进作用。方法  运用计算机分析软件，对某中老年合唱团68名成员在合唱训练前（第一阶段）、训练6个月（第二阶段）、训练12个月后（第三阶段）所采集的3组数据进行回顾性同比统计分析，并与同期50例同年龄段人群采集的3阶段数据进行比对。结果  合唱团三阶段3组数据各自平均值的变化如下：机体免疫水平（CD4）：662.38、761.22、764.15；心功能左室射血分数（LVEF）值：61.11、61.13、62.66；短轴缩短率（FS）值：32.61、32.88、33.65；肺功能潮气量（TV）值：1.16、1.18、1.16；用力肺活量（FVC）值：2.76、2.85、2.95，第1秒用力呼气容量（FEV1）值：2.31、2.42、2.55，1s率（FEV1/FVC）值：83.69、84.91、86.44；最大通气量（MVV）值：83.25、81.11、81.93；心理健康评分值124.44、125.67、126.22。该组数据除了TV、MVV和健康调查简表（SF-36）没有变化外，其他指标，包括CD4、LVEF、FS、FVC、FEV1和FEV1/FVC均有不同程度的提升。其中，CD4在训练6月后提升明显，第三阶段变化不大。心功能指标：LVEF和FS则在训练12个月后才有提高。肺功能FVC、FEV1和FEV1/FVC则在训练6个月、12个月两个阶段均有提升。非合唱组3阶段3组数据各自平均值的变化如下：CD4：660.24、661.85、661.32；LVEF：61.33、61.28、61.31；FS：32.55、32.38、32.46；TV：1.16、1.17、1.16；FVC：2.74、2.76、2.76；FEV1：2.30、2.31、2.30；FEV1/FVC：83.94、83.69、83.33；MVV：83.35、82.49、83.06；心理健康评分值125.31、124.86、124.93。该组所有测数据3阶段比对均无明显变化。结论  科学、合理、持续的合唱训练，对中老年免疫水平的提高、心肺功能的改善和整体健康水平的提高有着不同程度的帮助

Cyclin D1 acts as a barrier to pluripotent reprogramming by promoting neural progenitor fate commitment

AbstractA short G1 phase is a characteristic feature of the cell cycle structure of pluripotent cells, and is reestablished during Yamanaka factor-mediated pluripotent reprogramming. How cell cycle control is adjusted to meet the requirements of pluripotent cell fate commitment during reprogramming is less well understood. Elevated levels of cyclin D1 were initially found to impair pluripotency maintenance. The current work further identified Cyclin D1 to be capable of transcriptionally upregulating Pax6, which promoted reprogramming cells to commit to a neural progenitor fate rather than a pluripotent cell fate. These findings explain the importance of reestablishment of G1-phase restriction in pluripotent reprogramming

K-Domain Splicing Factor OsMADS1 Regulates Open Hull Male Sterility in Rice

AbstractWe identified the rice floral organ development mutant, termed as open hull and male sterile 1 (ohms1), from the progeny of the indica restorer line Zhonghui 8015 treated with 60Co γ-ray irradiation. The ohms1 mutant exhibited an open hull and lemma- and palea-like structure conversion between the anthers and stigma, which resulted in the ohms1 mutant spikelet showing ‘tridentate lemma’. The ohms1 mutant was entirely sterile but had 60%–70% fertile pollen. Genetic analysis and gene mapping showed that ohms1 was controlled by a single recessive gene, and the mutant gene was fine-mapped to a 42-kb interval on the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers KY2 and KY29. Sequence analysis of the four open reading frames in this region revealed that the mutant carried a single nucleotide transformation (A to G) at the last base of the fifth intron, which was likely corresponded to ohms1 phynotype, in an MIKC type MADS-box gene OsMADS1 (LOC_Os03g11614). Enzyme digestion and cDNA sequencing further indicated that the variable splicing was responsible for the deletion of the sixth exon in ohms1, but no structural changes in the MADS domain or amino acid frame shifts appeared. Additionally, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR analysis showed that the OsMADS1 expression level decreased significantly in the ohms1 mutant. The expression levels of rice flowering factors and floral glume development-related genes also changed significantly. These results demonstrate that OsMADS1 may play an important role in rice floral organ development, particularly in floral glume development and floret primordium differentiation

Continuous and low-energy 125I seed irradiation changes DNA methyltransferases expression patterns and inhibits pancreatic cancer tumor growth

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Iodine 125 (¹²⁵I) seed irradiation is an effective treatment for unresectable pancreatic cancers. However, the radiobiological mechanisms underlying brachytherapy remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the influence of continuous and low-energy ¹²⁵I irradiation on apoptosis, expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and cell growth in pancreatic cancers.</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p>For <it>in vitro </it>¹²⁵I seed irradiation, SW-1990 cells were divided into three groups: control (0 Gy), 2 Gy, and 4 Gy. To create an animal model of pancreatic cancer, the SW 1990 cells were surgically implanted into the mouse pancreas. At 10 d post-implantation, the 30 mice with pancreatic cancer underwent ¹²⁵I seed implantation and were separated into three groups: 0 Gy, 2 Gy, and 4 Gy group. At 48 or 72 h after irradiation, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry; changes in DNMTs mRNA and protein expression were assessed by real-time PCR and western blotting analysis, respectively. At 28 d after ¹²⁵I seed implantation, <it>in vivo </it>apoptosis was evaluated with TUNEL staining, while DNMTs protein expression was detected with immunohistochemical staining. The tumor volume was measured 0 and 28 d after ¹²⁵I seed implantation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>¹²⁵I seed irradiation induced significant apoptosis, especially at 4 Gy. DNMT1 and DNMT3b mRNA and protein expression were substantially higher in the 2 Gy group than in the control group. Conversely, the 4 Gy cell group exhibited significantly decreased DNMT3b mRNA and protein expression relative to the control group. There were substantially more TUNEL positive in the ¹²⁵I seed implantation treatment group than in the control group, especially at 4 Gy. The 4 Gy seed implantation group showed weaker staining for DNMT1 and DNMT3b protein relative to the control group. Consequently, ¹²⁵I seed implantation inhibited cancer growth and reduced cancer volume.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>¹²⁵I seed implantation kills pancreatic cancer cells, especially at 4 Gy. ¹²⁵I-induced apoptosis and changes in DNMT1 and DNMT3b expression suggest potential mechanisms underlying effective brachytherapy.</p