Gastrointestinal parasitosis: Histopathological insights to rare but intriguing lesions of the gastrointestinal tract

PubMed ID: 27136106Objective: Gastrointestinal parasitosis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Definitive diagnosis is usually made by stool tests and/or serology but may require tissue evaluation. Although pathologists are usually familiar with common parasites, it is not well established whether the diagnosis could be suspected without seeing the “parasite” itself. Material and Method: Resection or biopsy specimens of 32 cases with Giardia intestinalis (n=20), Enterobius vermicularis (n=5), Entamoeba histolytica (n=4), Fasciola hepatica (n=1), Strongyloides spp. (n=1) and Taenia saginata (n=1) infections were retrospectively re-evaluated for accompanying mucosal changes, and compared with nonparametric tests. Results: The most common changes were congestion (65.6%) and eosinophilic infiltration (50%). Chronic active mucosal inflammation accompanied 37.5% of the cases. More than 10 eosinophils/HPF were present in 43.8%. Only one case of G. intestinalis, E. vermicularis, E. histolytica, and F. hepatica showed more than 50 eosinophils/HPF. Mucosal architectural abnormalities were present in 34.4%. Granulomas, giant cells and Charcot-Leyden crystals were only seen accompanying F. hepatica. No statistically significant difference was found between parasite subspecies regarding presence of inflammation, lymphoid aggregates, architectural distortion, congestion, ulceration and increase of eosinophils. Conclusion: Parasites induce nonspecific inflammation, slight mucosal architectural changes, mild eosinophilic infiltrate or granuloma formation. They may cause ulceration, bowel obstruction or perforation. Parasitosis should also be considered when evaluating cases mimicking inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease or those that do not fulfill diagnostic criteria. © 2016, Federation of Turkish Pathology Societies. All Rights Reserved

Cystic bone lesions: Histopathological spectrum and diagnostic challenges [Kemiğin Kistik Lezyonları: Histopatolojik Spektrum ve Tanısal Güçlükler]

PubMed ID: 25652560Objective: Bone cysts are benign lesions occurring in any bone, regardless of age. They are often asymptomatic but may cause pain, swelling, fractures, and local recurrence and may be confused with other bone lesions. Material and Method: We retrospectively re-evaluated 143 patients diagnosed with aneurysmal bone cyst (n=98, 68.5%), solitary bone cysts (n=17 11.9%), pseudocyst (n=10.7%), intraosseous ganglion (n=3, 2.1%), hydatid cyst (n=2; 1.4), epidermoid cyst (n=1, 0.7%) and cysts demonstrating “mixed” aneurysmal-solitary bone cyst histology (n=12, 8.4%), and compared them with nonparametric tests. Results: Aneurysmal bone cyst, solitary bone cysts and mixed cysts were frequently seen in the first two decades of life while the others occurred after the fourth decade. Aneurysmal bone cysts, intraosseous ganglion and pseudocysts were more common in women contrary to solitary bone cyst and mixed cysts (the female/male ratio was 1.22, 2 and 1.5 versus 0.7 and 0.5, respectively). Aneurysmal bone cyst, solitary bone cysts and “mixed” cysts were mostly seen in long bones, predominantly the femur, while epidermoid, hydatid and pseudocysts were all seen in fat bones like the vertebra, pelvis and mandible (p=0.001, chi-square). repeat biopsies were performed in 19 cases (13.3%), 84.2% of which were aneurysmal bone cyst (5 conventional, 9 solid, 1 secondary and 1 subperiosteal) and three (15.8%) were mixed cysts (p=0.02, chi-square). Notably, some of them were located in inaccessible areas of pelvis (n=3), femur (n=3) and maxilla (n=2). Conclusion: The most common and challenging intraosseous cysts are aneurysmal bone cysts, particularly the “solid” variant. The “mixed” aneurysmal-solitary bone cyst “subgroup” requires further research with larger series to be defined more thoroughly. © 2015, Federation of Turkish Pathology Societies. All Rights Reserved

Gender-related clinical and management differences in patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Aim Gender-related differences have been described in the clinical characteristics and management of patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, published data are conflictive in this regard

Solid-Liquid Interfacial Energy of Solid Neopentylglycol Solution in Equilibrium with Neopentylglycol-Aminomethylpropanediol Eutectic Liquid

The grain boundary groove shapes for solid neopentylglycol solution (NPG-40 mol pct AMPD) in equilibrium with the neopentylglycol (NPG)-aminomethylpropanediol (AMPD) eutectic liquid (NPG-42.2 mol pct AMPD) have been directly observed using a horizontal linear temperature gradient apparatus. From the observed grain boundary groove shapes, the Gibbs-Thomson coefficient (D '') and solid-liquid interfacial energy (sigma (SL)) of solid NPG solution have been determined to be (7.4 +/- A 0.7) x 10(-8) K m and (6.4 +/- A 1.0) x 10(-3) J m(-2), respectively. The grain boundary energy of solid NPG solution has been determined to be (12.5 +/- A 1.0) x 10(-3) J m(-2) from the observed grain boundary groove shapes. The ratio of thermal conductivity of equilibrated eutectic liquid to thermal conductivity of solid NPG solution has also been determined to be 0.48. (C) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 201