Relations Between Executive Functions and Different Symptomatic Dimensions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Não há consenso na literatura quanto ao funcionamento neuropsicológico, a gravidade dos sintomas obsessivo-compulsivos (SOC) e as definições de suas dimensões. Realizou-se um estudo transversal para investigar a relação entre as funções executivas e a gravidade dos SOC nas várias dimensões, de acordo com os critérios dimensionais da Escala de Sintomas Obsessivo-compulsivos de Yale-Brown. Foram avaliados 28 pacientes com SOC, por meio de oito instrumentos de avaliação das funções executivas. A gravidade dos SOC, na dimensão contaminação/limpeza, correlacionou-se negativamente com as funções executivas controle inibitório e atenção. A gravidade da dimensão colecionismo foi positivamente correlacionada com a flexibilidade cognitiva, o processamento visual e o raciocínio lógico. Houve uma correlação negativa com a capacidade de desenvolver estratégias eficientes de resolução de problemas. Houve também uma correlação positiva entre a gravidade na dimensão simetria/ordenação e controle da atenção. Resultados sugerem que o perfil de funções executivas no TOC é definido pela gravidade das dimensões dos SOC.No hay consenso en la literatura sobre el funcionamiento neuropsicológico, la gravedad de los síntomas obsesivo-compulsivos (SOC) y las definiciones de sus dimensiones. Fue llevado a cabo un estudio transversal para investigar la relación entre la función ejecutiva y la gravedad de la SOC en diversas dimensiones de estudio, de acuerdo con los criterios de trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo Escala de Síntomas Dimensión de Yale-Brown. Fueron evaluados 28 pacientes con SOC, utilizando ocho instrumentos para evaluar las funciones ejecutivas. La gravedad de los SOC en la dimensión contaminación / limpieza se correlaciona inversamente con la función ejecutiva control inhibitorio y atención. La gravedad de la dimensión de la recolección se correlacionó positivamente con la flexibilidad cognitiva, el procesamiento visual y el razonamiento lógico. Fue encontrada una correlación negativa con la capacidad de desarrollar estrategias eficaces para la resolución de problemas. Hubo también una correlación positiva entre la gravedad en la dimensión simetría / ordenación y control de la atención. Los resultados sugieren que el perfil de funciones ejecutivas en el TOC se define por la gravedad de las dimensiones de los SOC.There is no consensus in the literature as to neuropsychological functioning, the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and the definitions of the OCS dimensions. We conducted a cross-sectional study investigating the relationship between executive function and OCS severity in the various dimensions, according to the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale criteria. We evaluated 28 patients with OCS, using eight neuropsychological instruments to evaluate executive function. We found that OCS severity in the contamination/cleaning dimension correlates negatively with executive function, inhibitory control and attentional control. Severity in the hoarding dimension correlated positively with cognitive flexibility, visual processing and logical reasoning, whereas it correlated negatively with the capacity to develop efficient complex problem-solving strategies. There was also a positive correlation between severity in the symmetry/ordering dimension and attentional control. Our findings suggest that the profile of executive function in OCD is defined by the severity of the various OCS dimensions

Interference of wheight loss on cardiovascular risk and type 2 Diabetes 24 months after gastric bypass – cohort retrospective: Interferência da perda de peso no risco cardiovascular e Diabetes tipo 2 24 meses após bypass gástrico – coorte retrospective

Background: Obesity has increased in prevalence and thus has become a public health crisis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of weight loss on the resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort and descriptive study, involved consulting a database, from March 2018 to March 2019. The subjects were  female and male patients, ≥18 years, who had been submitted to bariatric surgery  from March 2014 to March 2016. The following data were obtained from their  charts: weight, height, age, sex, presence of associated morbidities (type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular risk), glycated hemoglobina and glucose. The data a presented as the mean and standard deviation, median and interquartile range, or count and percentage. The results were considered statistically significant if p-value ≤0.05. Results: The patients had maintained a substantial percentage of excesso wheight loss (%EWL) during the postoperative period, and the Hb1Ac, glucose, CVR, and metabolic alterations were also reduced. Six months after surgery, group 1 (<70% EWL) and group 2 (≥ 70%) showed reduced Hb1Ac and, glucose and only group 2 showed reduced CVR. From 12 to 18 months after surgery, group 1 showed reduced Hb1Ac. From 18 to 24 months after surgery, group 2 showed reduced CVR and group 1 showed reduced glucose. Conclusion: Bariatric surgery had a positive effect on %EWL and modified the metabolic profile and CVR of patients up to 24 months after gastric bypass, reducing associated comorbidities

Executive functions and sustained attention:Comparison between age groups of 19-39 and 40-59 years old

ABSTRACT Few studies involving the cognition of middle-aged adults are available in the international literature, particularly investigating the process of cognitive aging, executive components and attention. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in performance on neuropsychological tasks of executive functions and sustained attention between two age groups. Methods: The sample consisted of 87 adults aged from 19 to 59 years old, divided into two groups according to the age variable (younger adults and middle-aged adults). All participants were Brazilian and had no sensory, psychiatric or neurological disorders; subjects also had no history of alcohol abuse, and no self-reported use of illicit drugs or antipsychotics. The neuropsychological instruments administered were the Hayling Test, Trail Making Test, Bells Test and verbal fluency tasks. Results: Groups showed no significant differences in relation to sociodemographic variables, educational level or frequency of reading and writing habits. The younger adult group performed better than the middle-aged group on tasks that involved mainly processing speed, cognitive flexibility and lexical search. Conclusions: These findings serve as a valuable reference for cognitive processing in middle-aged adults, since a large number of comparative studies focus only on the younger and later phases of adulthood. Additional studies are needed to investigate possible interaction between different factors such as age and education