Determinant factors to discriminate the body weight loss in overweight people

Introduction. Most studies have described how the weight loss is when different treatments are compared (1-3), while others have also compared the weight loss by sex (4), or have taken into account psychosocial (5) and lifestyle (6, 7) variables. However, no studies have examined the interaction of different variables and the importance of them in the weight loss. Objective. Create a model to discriminate the range of weight loss, determining the importance of each variable. Methods. 89 overweight people (BMI: 25-29.9 kg?m-2), aged from 18 to 50 years, participated in the study. Four types of treatments were randomly assigned: strength training (S), endurance training (E), strength and endurance training (SE), and control group (C). All participants followed a 25% calorie restriction diet. Two multivariate discriminant models including the variables age, sex, height, daily energy expenditure (EE), type of treatment (T), caloric restriction (CR), initial body weight (BW), initial fat mass (FM), initial muscle mass (MM) and initial bone mineral density (BMD) were performed having into account two groups: the first and fourth quartile of the % of weight loss in the first model; the groups above and below the mean of the % of weight loss in the second model. The discriminant models were built using the inclusion method in SPSS allowing us to find a function that could predict the body weight loss range that an overweight person could achieve in a 6 months weight loss intervention.Results. The first discriminant analysis predicted that a combination of the studied variables would discriminate between the two ranges of body weight loss with 81.4% of correct classification. The discriminant function obtained was (Wilks? Lambda=0.475, p=0.003): Discriminant score=-18.266-(0.060xage)- (1.282xsex[0=female;1=male])+(14.701xheight)+(0.002xEE)- (0.006xT[1=S;2=E;3=SE;4=C])-(0.047xCR)- (0.558xBW)+(0.475xFM)+(0.398xMM)+(3.499xBMD) The second discriminant model obtained would discriminate between the two groups of body weight loss with 74.4% of correct classification. The discriminant function obtained was (Wilks? Lambda=0.725, p=0.005): Discriminant score=-5.021-(0.052xage)- (0.543xsex[0=female;1=male])+(3.530xheight)+(0.001xEE)- (0.493xT[1=S;2=E;3=SE;4=C])+(0.003xCR)- (0.365xBW)+(0.368xFM)+(0.296xMM)+(4.034xBMD) Conclusion. The first developed model could predict the percentage of weight loss in the following way: if the discriminant score is close to 1.051, the range of weight loss will be from 7.44 to -4.64% and if it is close to - 1.003, the range will be from -11.03 to -25,00% of the initial body weight. With the second model if the discriminant score is close to 0.623 the body weight loss will be above -7.93% and if it is close to -0.595 will be below - 7.93% of the initial body weight. References. 1. Brochu M, et al. Resistance training does not contribute to improving the metabolic profile after a 6-month weight loss program in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Sep;94(9):3226-33. 2. Del Corral P, et al. Effect of dietary adherence with or without exercise on weight loss: a mechanistic approach to a global problem. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 May;94(5):1602-7. 3. Larson-Meyer DE, et al. Caloric Restriction with or without Exercise: The Fitness vs. Fatness Debate. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(1):152-9. 4. Hagan RD, et al. The effects of aerobic conditioning and/or caloric restriction in overweight men and women. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1986;18(1):87-94. 5. Teixeira PJ, et al. Mediators of weight loss and weight loss maintenance in middle-aged women. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Apr;18(4):725-35. 6. Bautista-Castano I, et al. Variables predictive of adherence to diet and physical activity recommendations in the treatment of obesity and overweight, in a group of Spanish subjects. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004 May;28(5):697-705

Efectos de los diferentes tratamientos de ejercicio sobre la obesidad. Estudio PRONAF

La efectividad de los programas de pérdida de peso son muy heterogéneas, y oscilan entre el 5-9% de cambio en la grasa cuando se hace sólo ejercicio (1, 4), al 24-29% cuando el ejercicio se acompaña de restricción calórica (2) (3). Sin embargo no se ha comprobado en población española adulta a través de un ensayo clínico, la efectividad de programas combinados de dieta más ejercicio en un entorno ecológico

Is it possible to discriminate the body weight loss?

Most studies have described how the weight loss is when different treatments are compared (1-3), while others have also compared the weight loss by sex (4), or have taken into account psychosocial (5) and lifestyle (6, 7) variables. However, no studies have examined the interaction of different variables and the importance of them in the weight loss

Validation of an instrument for injury data collection in strength training

Purpose: To provide for the basis for collecting strength training data using a rigorously validated injury report form. Methods: A group of specialist designed a questionnaire of 45 item grouped into 4 dimensions. Six stages were used to assess face, content, and criterion validity of the weight training injury report form. A 13 members panel assessed the form for face validity, and an expert panel assessed it for content and criterion validity. Panel members were consulted until consensus was reached. A yardstick developed by an expert panel using Intraclass correlation technique was used to assess the reability of the form. Test-retest reliability was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).The strength training injury report form was developed, and the face, content, and criterion validity successfully assessed. A six step protocol to create a yardstick was also developed to assist in the validation process. Both inter-rater and intra rater reliability results indicated a 98% agreement. Inter-rater reliability agreement of 98% for three injuries. Results: The Cronbach?s alpha of the questionnaire was 0.944 (pmenor que0.01) and the ICC of the entire questionnaire was 0.894 (pmenor que0.01). Conclusion: The questionnaire gathers together enough psychometric properties to be considered a valid and reliable tool for register injury data in strength training, and providing researchers with a basis for future studies in this area. Key Words: data collection; validation; injury prevention; strength trainin

Diseño y validación de un cuestionario socio-emocional para jóvenes futbolistas de élite. Desing and validation of a socio-emotional questionnaire for yourh footbal players

Validación de un cuestionario socio-emocional en fútbo

Do I train to lose body weight if I am already following a diet?

Importancia del ejercicio en un tratamiento de pérdia de pes

El azúcar y el ejercicio físico: su importancia en los deportistas

El glucógeno muscular, principal almacén de glucosa en el organismo, y la glucemia sanguínea constituyen uno de los principales sustratos energéticos para la contracción muscular durante el ejercicio. El azúcar (sacarosa)es un estupendo suplemento al suministrar tanto glucosa como fructosa. Por ello, es esencial que los deportistas cuiden su alimentación, para mantener y aumentar los depósitos de este combustible, ya que las reservas de glucógeno muscular constituyen un factor limitante de la capacidad para realizar ejercicio prolongado. Las dietas ricas en hidratos de carbono se han recomendado para el ejercicio de resistencia y ultraresistencia debido a su relación con el aumento de las reservas musculares de glucógeno y la aparición tardía de la fatiga. Además de las dietas altas en carbohidratos, la ingesta de carbohidratos antes y durante el ejercicio, han demostrado ser beneficiosas debido al aumento de las concentraciones hepáticas de glucógeno y el mantenimiento de las concentraciones de glucosa en sangre. El efecto de la ingesta de carbohidratos sobre el rendimiento deportivo dependerá principalmente de las características del esfuerzo, del tipo y cantidad de carbohidratos ingeridos y del momento de la ingesta. La combinación de todos estos factores debe ser tenida en cuenta a la hora de analizar el rendimiento en las diferentes especialidades deportivas

Injuries in strength training: review and practical application

Purpose: This systematic review examines what is known about injuries in strength training. Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed and SportDiscus. Studies were included if they examined powerlifters, weightlifters, strongman athletes, bodybuilding athletes, individuals who undertook recreational weight training or weight training to complement athletic performance. Exposure variables were incidence, severity and body part injury. Results: After examining 1214 titles and abstracts, 62 articles were identified as potentially relevant. Finally, 11 were included in this systematic review. Conflicting results were reported on the relationships between injury definition and incidence or severity recorded. The lower back followed by the shoulder and knee are the most frequently affected areas in strength sports. Conclusion: Strength training is safe. However, the variety of injury definitions has makes it difficult to compare different studies in this field. New styles of reporting injuries have appeared, and could make increases these ratios. If methodological limitations in measuring incidence rate and severity injuries can be resolved, more work can be conducted to define the real incidence rate, compare it with others sports, and explore cause and effect relationships in randomized controlled trials. Key Words: strength training, injuries, specific strength sports, severit

Modelos discriminantes para predecir la pérdida de peso. Proyecto PROgramas de Nutrición y Actividad Física para el tratamiento de la obesidad (PRONAF)

El objetivo del trabajo fue crear modelos discriminantes para estimar el porcentaje de pérdida de peso tras una intervención de seis meses, determinando la importancia de cada variable estudiada. La muestra, formada por 89 participantes en sobrepeso (18–50 años; IMC >25 y <29.9 kg/m2), fue distribuida en cuatro grupos de intervención: entrenamiento con cargas (S, n=22); entrenamiento aeróbico (E, n=25); entrenamiento combinado cargas + aeróbico (SE, n=23) y recomendaciones de ejercicio físico (C, n=19). Los grupos de entrenamiento entrenaron 3 veces/semana durante 24 semanas. Todos los grupos siguieron una restricción calórica del 25% del gasto energético diario. Tres modelos discriminantes fueron obtenidos para estimar el porcentaje de pérdida de peso, determinando que el peso, la masa grasa y el peso magro son las variables más importantes para discriminar la pérdida de peso. Los tres modelos discriminantes consiguen un elevado porcentaje de clasificación correcta. Registrado en Clinical Trials Gov.: número NCT01116856

Análisis del gasto energético en entrenamiento con cargas en circuito. Comparación de cargas elevadas vs ligeras.

El entrenamiento con cargas es uno de las más frecuentes actividades deportivas, tanto de europeos (más de 38 millones de personas) como de americanos (más de 40 millones). Por este motivo conocer el gasto energético de esta actividad podría suponer un enorme beneficio para la planificación de actividades de pérdida de peso. Seis hombres y seis mujeres realizaron un circuito sin descansos en dos días diferentes. El primer día a intensidad ligera (menor del 60%) y otro día a intensidad elevada (superior al 70%). Existen diferencias significativas entre ambos protocolos así como entre géneros, debidas fundamentalmente al componente genético (composición fibrilar y composición corporal). En conclusión los protocolos de entrenamiento en circuito de alta intensidad consumen mayor cantidad de energía aeróbica que los de baja intensidad