Lower bound for the segregation energy in the Falicov-Kimball model

In this work, a lower bound for the ground state energy of the Falicov-Kimball model for intermediate densities is derived. The explicit derivation is important in the proof of the conjecture of segregation of the two kinds of fermions in the Falicov-Kimball model, for sufficiently large interactions. This bound is given by a bulk term, plus a term proportional to the boundary of the region devoid of classical particles. A detailed proof is presented for density n=1/2, where the coefficient 10^(-13) is obtained for the boundary term, in two dimensions. With suitable modifications the method can also be used to obtain a coefficient for all densities.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

Spreading gossip in social networks

We study a simple model of information propagation in social networks, where two quantities are introduced: the spread factor, which measures the average maximal fraction of neighbors of a given node that interchange information among each other, and the spreading time needed for the information to reach such fraction of nodes. When the information refers to a particular node at which both quantities are measured, the model can be taken as a model for gossip propagation. In this context, we apply the model to real empirical networks of social acquaintances and compare the underlying spreading dynamics with different types of scale-free and small-world networks. We find that the number of friendship connections strongly influences the probability of being gossiped. Finally, we discuss how the spread factor is able to be applied to other situations.Comment: 10 pages, 16 figures, Revtex; Virt.J. of Biol. Phys., Oct.1 200

The Creation of Defects with Core Condensation

Defects in superfluid 3He, high-Tc superconductors, QCD colour superfluids and cosmic vortons can possess (anti)ferromagnetic cores, and their generalisations. In each case there is a second order parameter whose value is zero in the bulk which does not vanish in the core. We examine the production of defects in the simplest 1+1 dimensional scalar theory in which a second order parameter can take non-zero values in a defect core. We study in detail the effects of core condensation on the defect production mechanism.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, small corrections, 2 references added, final version to be published in PR

Is the particle current a relevant feature in driven lattice gases?

By performing extensive MonteCarlo simulations we show that the infinitely fast driven lattice gas (IDLG) shares its critical properties with the randomly driven lattice gas (RDLG). All the measured exponents, scaling functions and amplitudes are the same in both cases. This strongly supports the idea that the main relevant non-equilibrium effect in driven lattice gases is the anisotropy (present in both IDLG and RDLG) and not the particle current (present only in the IDLG). This result, at odds with the predictions from the standard theory for the IDLG, supports a recently proposed alternative theory. The case of finite driving fields is also briefly discussed.Comment: 4 pages. Slightly improved version. Journal Reference: To appear in Phys. Rev. Let

From the Editors' Desk

Editorial for journal issueNon peer reviewe

Effect of extreme data loss on long-range correlated and anti-correlated signals quantified by detrended fluctuation analysis

We investigate how extreme loss of data affects the scaling behavior of long-range power-law correlated and anti-correlated signals applying the DFA method. We introduce a segmentation approach to generate surrogate signals by randomly removing data segments from stationary signals with different types of correlations. These surrogate signals are characterized by: (i) the DFA scaling exponent $\alpha$ of the original correlated signal, (ii) the percentage $p$ of the data removed, (iii) the average length $\mu$ of the removed (or remaining) data segments, and (iv) the functional form of the distribution of the length of the removed (or remaining) data segments. We find that the {\it global} scaling exponent of positively correlated signals remains practically unchanged even for extreme data loss of up to 90%. In contrast, the global scaling of anti-correlated signals changes to uncorrelated behavior even when a very small fraction of the data is lost. These observations are confirmed on the examples of human gait and commodity price fluctuations. We systematically study the {\it local} scaling behavior of signals with missing data to reveal deviations across scales. We find that for anti-correlated signals even 10% of data loss leads to deviations in the local scaling at large scales from the original anti-correlated towards uncorrelated behavior. In contrast, positively correlated signals show no observable changes in the local scaling for up to 65% of data loss, while for larger percentage, the local scaling shows overestimated regions (with higher local exponent) at small scales, followed by underestimated regions (with lower local exponent) at large scales. Finally, we investigate how the scaling is affected by the statistics of the remaining data segments in comparison to the removed segments

Anatomic relationship of the optic nerve channel with sphenoidal sinus: a computed tomography study

The sphenoid sinus, out of the facial sinuses, is certainly the most neglected as far as diagnosis is concerned. The surgical approach requires a detailed anatomical knowledge, considering the serious complications resulting from injuries of vital structures adjacent to this region. AIM: The objective of our research is to evaluate the anatomic relationship of the optic nerve with the sphenoid sinus making use of the computed tomography. STUDY DESIGN: Serie report. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The authors present a retrospective analysis of 203 computed tomographies of facial sinus belonging to individuals of both sexes aged 14 and over. The examinations were evaluated observing the course of the optic nerve, obtained through the degree of its projection on the wall of the sphenoid sinus. The method used was the modified classification of Delano, evaluating the absence of bone reduction (dehiscence) of the optic nerve in the sphenoid sinus. We analysed the degree of pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus, using Hammer's classification adapted by Guerrero, apart from the pneumatization of the anterior clinoidal process and pterigoid and the presence of the Onodi cell. RESULTS: Most of the patients (78.96%) presented their optic nerve with a Type 1 course. Type 2 was observed in 16.83% of the patients, Type 3 in 3.47% and Type 4 in 0.74%. The presence of dehiscence of the optic nerve in the wall of the sphenoid sinus was evidenced in 21.29% of the cases. Related to pneumatization, we noticed that the pre-selar type was observed in 6.44%, the post-selar type appeared in 39.11%, the selar type appeared in 54.45%, and the apneumatized type was not observed in any of the cases. The pneumatization of the anterior clinoidal process was verified in 10.64% of the cases, while the pterigoid process was apparent in 21.29% of the cases. The Onodi cell (sphenoetmoidal) was found in 7.92% of the cases. CONCLUSION: The presence of dehiscence of the optic nerve is related with the degree of pneumatization of the anterior clinoid and the pterigoid processes, the presence of the Onodi cell (sphenoetmoidal) and Course Types 2, 3 and 4 considered the relationship between the optic nerve and the sphenoid sinus.O seio esfenoidal entre os seios da face é certamente o mais negligenciado quanto ao diagnóstico. A abordagem cirúrgica requer conhecimento anatômico detalhado, levando-se em conta as graves complicações decorrentes de lesões de estruturas vitais adjacentes a esta região. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do nosso estudo é avaliar a relação anatômica do canal do nervo óptico com o seio esfenoidal utilizando a tomografia computadorizada. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Análise de série. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Os autores apresentam a análise retrospectiva de 202 tomografias computadorizadas de seios da face de indivíduos de ambos os sexos com idade igual ou superior a 14 anos. Os exames foram avaliados observando o trajeto do canal do nervo óptico obtido pelo grau de projeção na parede do seio esfenoidal. Foi utilizada a classificação modificada de Delano. Foi avaliada a ausência de atenuação óssea (deiscência) do canal do nervo óptico no seio esfenoidal. O grau de pneumatização do seio esfenoidal foi analisado, sendo empregado a classificação de Hammer's adaptada por Guerrero, além da pneumatização do processo clinóide anterior e pterigóide e a presença da célula de Onodi. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes (78.96%) apresentou o canal do nervo óptico com trajeto do tipo 1, o tipo 2 foi observado em 16.83%, o tipo 3 em 3.47% e o tipo 4 em 0.74%. A presença de deiscência do nervo óptico na parede do seio esfenoidal foi evidenciada em 21.29% dos casos. Em relação à pneumatização, notamos que o tipo pré-selar foi observado em 6.44%, o tipo selar em 39.11%, o tipo selar em 54.45%, e o tipo apneumatizado não foi observado em nossos casos. A pneumatização do processo clinóide anterior foi constatado em 10.64% enquanto do processo pterigóide em 21.29% dos casos, a célula de Onodi foi verificada em 7.92% dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: A presença de deiscência do canal do nervo óptico está relacionado com o grau de pneumatização dos processos clinóide anterior e processo pterigóide, a presença de célula de Onodi e os tipos de trajeto 2, 3 e 4 da relação do nervo óptico com o seio esfenoidal.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Distúrbios da Comunicação HumanaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Diagnóstico por ImagemUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Otorrinolaringologia e Distúrbios da Comunicação HumanaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Diagnóstico por ImagemSciEL

The elevated Curie temperature and half-metallicity in the ferromagnetic semiconductor Lax_{x}Eu1−x_{1-x}O

Here we study the effect of La doping in EuO thin films using SQUID magnetometry, muon spin rotation ($\mu$SR), polarized neutron reflectivity (PNR), and density functional theory (DFT). The $\mu$SR data shows that the La$_{0.15}$Eu$_{0.85}$O is homogeneously magnetically ordered up to its elevated $T_{\rm C}$. It is concluded that bound magnetic polaron behavior does not explain the increase in $T_{\rm C}$ and an RKKY-like interaction is consistent with the $\mu$SR data. The estimation of the magnetic moment by DFT simulations concurs with the results obtained by PNR, showing a reduction of the magnetic moment per La$_{x}$Eu$_{1-x}$O for increasing lanthanum doping. This reduction of the magnetic moment is explained by the reduction of the number of Eu-4$f$ electrons present in all the magnetic interactions in EuO films. Finally, we show that an upwards shift of the Fermi energy with La or Gd doping gives rise to half-metallicity for doping levels as high as 3.2 %.Comment: 7 pages, 11 figure

Supertubes in reduced holonomy manifolds

We show that the supertube configurations exist in all supersymmetric type IIA backgrounds which are purely geometrical and which have, at least, one flat direction. In other words, they exist in any spacetime of the form R^{1,1} x M_8, with M_8 any of the usual reduced holonomy manifolds. These generalised supertubes preserve 1/4 of the supersymmetries preserved by the choice of the manifold M_8. We also support this picture with the construction of their corresponding family of IIA supergravity backgrounds preserving from 1/4 to 1/32 of the total supercharges.Comment: 20 page