1,703 research outputs found
A Behaviour Change Analysis of Safer Sleep Interventions for Infants at Risk of Sudden and Unexpected Death
\ua9 2024 The Authors. Child Abuse Review published by Association of Child Protection Professionals and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Rates of sudden unexpected death in infancy have been found to occur disproportionately amongst families living in the most deprived neighbourhoods. This suggests that standard safer sleep messaging may not be effective for this population and that research is required to identify ways of working that are better associated with behavioural change in parents with children at increased risk of SUDI. In this study, we aimed to explore the behavioural change components and mechanisms of action of safer sleep interventions for families with children at increased risk of SUDI. We conducted an analysis of the literature on safer sleep interventions using the COM-B model, Theoretical Domains Framework and Behavioural Change Technique Taxonomy. All interventions targeted parents\u27 capability; 15 interventions targeted parents\u27 opportunity; and six interventions targeted parents\u27 motivation to engage in safer sleep practices. Nineteen behavioural change techniques were identified. The focus of practitioners may need to shift from solely the delivery of safer sleep information towards working with parents to understand their capability, opportunity and, in particular, motivation to engage in safer sleep practices, identified as being a key driver of behaviour in this population
Parental decision making about safer sleep practices: A qualitative study of the perspectives of families with additional health and social care needs
\ua9 2024 Barrett et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Introduction Despite a decline in Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy in the UK since 2004, inequalities have widened with higher rates among families from deprived backgrounds and those known to child protection services. Almost all cases involve parents who had engaged in unsafe sleeping practices despite awareness of safer sleeping advice. Objective To understand the perspectives surrounding safer sleep of families supported by statutory child protection agencies, and use behavior change theory to inform how approaches to providing safer sleep advice to these families may be modified. Participants and setting We interviewed 14 mothers, 2 fathers and one grandmother, who had recent contact with child protection services in northeast England. Methods In-depth, semi-structured interviews, with purposive sampling. The COM-B model (Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation) structured our analysis. Results Parents described how anxiety, sleep deprivation, settling infants, illness, and a desire to bond with infants influence their decision making about sleep. Parents valued credible, trusted sources and understanding how safer sleep practices protect infants. Responses to questions about \u27out of routine\u27 situations suggested social pressures surrounding routines and \u27good parenting\u27 may preclude parents from acknowledging risks and planning for these situations. Conclusion Open conversations tailored to the needs of families, focused upon understanding why and when parent(s) do or do not follow safer sleep guidance seem a promising way of promoting safer sleep practices. Safer sleep discussions with these families are likely to be best delivered as part of wider infant care by professionals who have an established and continuing trusting relationship with parents. While advice and information should be provided by any professional in contact with the family with the necessary expertise, sensitive conversations around sleeping practices, particularly co-sleeping, may be more easily facilitated by professionals where the statutory responsibility for safeguarding is less apparent
Structure of the X-ray Emission from the Jet of 3C 273
We present images from five observations of the quasar 3C 273 with the
Chandra X-ray Observatory. The jet has at least four distinct features which
are not resolved in previous observations. The first knot in the jet (A1) is
very bright in X-rays. Its X-ray spectrum is well fitted with a power law with
alpha = 0.60 +/- 0.05. Combining this measurement with lower frequency data
shows that a pure synchrotron model can fit the spectrum of this knot from
1.647 GHz to 5 keV (over nine decades in energy) with alpha = 0.76 +/- 0.02,
similar to the X-ray spectral slope. Thus, we place a lower limit on the total
power radiated by this knot of 1.5e43 erg/s; substantially more power may be
emitted in the hard X-ray and gamma-ray bands.
Knot A2 is also detected and is somewhat blended with knot B1. Synchrotron
emission may also explain the X-ray emission but a spectral bend is required
near the optical band. For knots A1 and B1, the X-ray flux dominates the
emitted energy. For the remaining optical knots (C through H), localized X-ray
enhancements that might correspond to the optical features are not clearly
resolved. The position angle of the jet ridge line follows the optical shape
with distinct, aperiodic excursions of +/-1 deg from a median value of
-138.0deg. Finally, we find X-ray emission from the ``inner jet'' between 5 and
10" from the core.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journal Letters. For the color image, see fig1.ps or
http://space.mit.edu/~hermanm/papers/3c273/fig1.jp
First Light Measurements of Capella with the Low Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer aboard the Chandra X-ray Observatory
We present the first X-ray spectrum obtained by the Low Energy Transmission
Grating Spectrometer (LETGS) aboard the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The spectrum
is of Capella and covers a wavelength range of 5-175 A (2.5-0.07 keV). The
measured wavelength resolution, which is in good agreement with ground
calibration, is 0.06 A (FWHM). Although in-flight
calibration of the LETGS is in progress, the high spectral resolution and
unique wavelength coverage of the LETGS are well demonstrated by the results
from Capella, a coronal source rich in spectral emission lines. While the
primary purpose of this letter is to demonstrate the spectroscopic potential of
the LETGS, we also briefly present some preliminary astrophysical results. We
discuss plasma parameters derived from line ratios in narrow spectral bands,
such as the electron density diagnostics of the He-like triplets of carbon,
nitrogen, and oxygen, as well as resonance scattering of the strong Fe XVII
line at 15.014 A.Comment: 4 pages (ApJ letter LaTeX), 2 PostScript figures, accepted for
publication in ApJ Letters, 200
Ordering in voter models on networks: Exact reduction to a single-coordinate diffusion
We study the voter model and related random-copying processes on arbitrarily
complex network structures. Through a representation of the dynamics as a
particle reaction process, we show that a quantity measuring the degree of
order in a finite system is, under certain conditions, exactly governed by a
universal diffusion equation. Whenever this reduction occurs, the details of
the network structure and random-copying process affect only a single parameter
in the diffusion equation. The validity of the reduction can be established
with considerably less information than one might expect: it suffices to know
just two characteristic timescales within the dynamics of a single pair of
reacting particles. We develop methods to identify these timescales, and apply
them to deterministic and random network structures. We focus in particular on
how the ordering time is affected by degree correlations, since such effects
are hard to access by existing theoretical approaches.Comment: 37 pages, 10 figures. Revised version with additional discussion and
simulation results to appear in J Phys
The effect of pose variability and repeated reliability of segmental centres of mass acquisition when using 3D photonic scanning
Three-dimensional (3D) photonic scanning is an emerging technique to acquire accurate body segment parameter data. This study established the repeated reliability of segmental centres of mass when using 3D photonic scanning (3DPS). Seventeen male participants were scanned twice by a 3D whole-body laser scanner. The same operators conducted the reconstruction and segmentation processes to obtain segmental meshes for calculating the segmental centres of mass. The segmental centres of mass obtained from repeated 3DPS were compared by relative technical error of measurement (TEM). Hypothesis tests were conducted to determine the size of change required for each segment to be determined a true variation. The relative TEMs for all segments were less than 5%. The relative changes in centres of mass at ±1.5% for most segments can be detected (p < 0.05). The arm segments which are difficult to keep in the same scanning pose generated more error than other segments
Action research and democracy
This contribution explores the relationship between research and learning democracy. Action research is seen as being compatible with the orientation of educational and social work research towards social justice and democracy. Nevertheless, the history of action research is characterized by a tension between democracy and social engineering. In the social-engineering approach, action research is conceptualized as a process of innovation aimed at a specific Bildungsideal. In a democratic approach action research is seen as research based on cooperation between research and practice. However, the notion of democratic action research as opposed to social engineering action research needs to be theorized. So called democratic action research involving the implementation by the researcher of democracy as a model and as a preset goal, reduces cooperation and participation into instruments to reach this goal, and becomes a type of social engineering in itself. We argue that the relationship between action research and democracy is in the acknowledgment of the political dimension of participation: ‘a democratic relationship in which both sides exercise power and shared control over decision-making as well as interpretation’. This implies an open research design and methodology able to understand democracy as a learning process and an ongoing experiment
Probing the CP nature of the Higgs coupling in tt¯h events at the LHC
The determination of the CP nature of the Higgs coupling to top quarks is addressed in this paper, using t¯th events produced in √s=13  TeV proton-proton collisions at the LHC. Dileptonic final states are employed, with two oppositely charged leptons and four jets, corresponding to the decays t→bW+→bℓ+νℓ, ¯t→¯bW−→¯bℓ−¯νℓ, and h→b¯b. Pure scalar (h=H), pure pseudoscalar (h=A), and CP-violating Higgs boson signal events, generated with MadGraph5_aMC@NLO, are fully reconstructed through a kinematic fit. We furthermore generate samples that have both a CP-even and a CP-odd component in the t¯th coupling in order to probe the ratio of the two components. New angular distributions of the decay products, as well as CP angular asymmetries, are explored in order to separate the scalar from the pseudoscalar components of the Higgs boson and reduce the contribution from the dominant irreducible background, t¯tb¯b. Significant differences between the angular distributions and asymmetries are observed, even after the full kinematic fit reconstruction of the events, allowing to define the best observables for a global fit of the Higgs couplings parameters.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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Radiation response comparisons of lateral PNP bipolar technologies reveal that device hardening may be achieved by extending the emitter contact over the active base. The emitter-tied field plate suppresses recombination of carriers with interface traps
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