Organic chemical signatures of New Zealand carbonate concretions and calcite fracture fills as potential fluid migration indicators

Macroscopic calcite crystals are common in sedimenta¬ry strata, occurring both as tectonic veins and also filling one or more generations of septarian rupture or later brittle fractures in calcareous concretions. Traces of hydrocarbons are frequently present in calcite crystals, especially near active petroleum systems, and are routinely the object of fluid inclusion studies linking source and migration pathway. Such calcites are shown here also to contain fatty acids in widely varying amounts ranging from 0.2 to more than 5 μg/g. Vein calcites examined are typically near the lower figure, close to analytical blank levels, and this is also true of some concretionary fracture fill calcites, notably those from the Palaeocene Moeraki ‘boulders’. Other concretionary fracture fill calcites (Jurassic, Scotland; Eocene, Waikato Coal Measures and associated marine strata) have much higher fatty acid contents, especially those filling later brittle style fractures. Although usually less abundant than the fatty acids in the concretions themselves, they lack the long chain n-acids derived from terrestrial vegetation and are commonly dominated by dioic acids. Exceptionally, in the calcitic septarian fill of a sideritic Coal Measures concretion, their abundance far exceeds that of concretion body fatty acids. They appear to be fluid transported, probably in aqueous solution, and have molecular signatures potentially distinctive of maturing organic matter sources from which the fluids derived

Using 'Inclusive Wealth' to Measure and Model Sustainable Development in Australia: A working example

Australia in 1992 adopted the National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development to ensure all future development occurs in a 'sustainable' manner. Measurement of the nation's sustainable development is currently conducted through the OECD Environmental Performance Review and various other ad-hoc indicators or measures have been proposed, such as greening the national accounts (Green Gross National Product) and the Genuine Progress Indicator. No one has identified a clear and precise way to either measure or model sustainable development in Australia. By trialing the implementation of inclusive wealth theory in Australia, this paper aims to identify and comment on the issues of measuring and modelling sustainable development as a stock measure in Australia (measuring the change in composition of national assets over time). Conceptual issues of implementation will be discussed with examples provided from two trial regions Goulburn Broken Catchment (VIC) and Murrumbidgee Valley (NSW).inclusive wealth, sustainable development, capital stocks, production systems, Production Economics,

Studies related to the synthesis of tetracycline

Imperial Users onl

DIRECT PRODUCT PROFIT: A VIEW FROM THE SUPERMARKET INDUSTRY

Direct Product Profit (DPP) is a decision making tool that helps the food merchandiser by providing a better indication of the profitability of products on the supermarket shelves. Direct Product Profit allocates Direct Product Costs (DPC) to individual products. These DPCs are subtracted from gross margin to derive DPP. This paper reports on the use of DPP in the syrup product section of a chain of supermarkets. Implications for managerial action are also discussed.Agribusiness,

Adoption of internet banking theory of the diffusion of innovation

The innovation diffusion theory (IDT) could be considered as one of the earliest theories that attempts to explore factors that influence an individual to adopt an innovation or a new technology. The theory suggests five key beliefs that influence the adoption of any innovation: relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, trialability, and observability. The purpose of this study was to test part of IDT’s attributes empirically. We used Internet banking as the innovation or the targeted technology. We surveyed 1164 business and MBA students in four public universities in Malaysia. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data. The results showed that relative advantage, compatibility, and trialability have a significant effect on att itude. Consequently, attitude significantly aff ects the intention to use Internet banking. Based on the findings, implications to practice are offere

Communication in the Early Modern Indian Ocean World

People living on the shores of the early modern Indian Ocean spoke many languages. To communicate, whether for trade or other reasons, several strategies were found. I have already sketched the role of cultural brokers. The present study looks at silent trade, and the possibly existence of linguas franca, second languages widely spoken in the area. The two most commonly found were Portuguese and Arabic

The Sin Against the Holy Spirit in the Writings of G. C. Berkouwer and E. G. White: A Comparative Study and Ethical Implications

While compatibilists claim that divine sovereignty either elects individuals to salvation or inevitably consigns them to damnation without the involvement of human response, non-compatibilism claims that divine love requires both human choice along with a behavioral response. This dissertation examines these respective dilemmas in the context of the sin against the Holy Spirit with the purpose of ascertaining how these views impact the sovereignty and character of God and the resulting ethical implications. Compatibilism is examined through the writings and theology of G. C. Berkouwer, while non-compatibilism is appraised through the writings and thought of Ellen G. White. This dissertation embraces the idea that God imposes self-limitations on His sovereignty in respect of the integrity and sanctity of human free will. It also recognizes that neither compatibilism nor non-compatibilism is free of theological difficulties; yet arrives at a solution to both systems in Ellen G. White\u27s understanding of perfection in the context of God\u27s call for mankind\u27s return to the image (character) of God. This occurs, as by beholding, man can become changed. By beholding, compatibilism\u27s dilemma of non-human response and non-compatibilism\u27s undercurrent problem of works-based religion are resolved: for the solution is discovered in the empowerment of Christ as we behold and become changed. Therefore, man\u27s personal accountability for damnation is maintained without man being credited with salvation by works. The first chapter provides an historical survey of the unpardonable sin as it is described in the synoptic texts (Matt 12:31, 32; Mark 3:28-30; and Luke 12:10). This includes an overview of Calvin and Arminius, the recognized founding fathers of compatibilism and non-compatibilism. The second chapter examines the most immediate antecedents to G. C. Berkouwer and Ellen G. White as they address the sin against the Holy Spirit. The third chapter looks at G. C. Berkouwer\u27s theological presuppositions that inform his understanding of the unpardonable sin, his understanding of the doctrine of sin, and his explanation of the sin itself. In turn, chapter four surveys the writings of Ellen G. Whiteby dealing with her corresponding theological presuppositions and perspectives regarding the sin against the Holy Spirit. Much of White\u27s positions appear in narrative form. The fifth chapter of the dissertation highlights and then contrasts the theological presuppositions and doctrines of the unpardonable sins of G. C. Berkouwer and Ellen G. White. In so doing it is demonstrated that both are consistent within their respective theologies. Yet both are confronted with certain weaknesses. Berkouwer\u27s weakness is found in God\u27s total sovereignty and mankind\u27s absence of response, while White\u27s weakness is present in that many who embrace her teachings find an opening for a works-oriented salvation. The last chapter provides a final summary and conclusion and looks at the ethical implications of both systems of thought. The chapter also discusses the sovereignty dilemma of compatibilism and the works orientation of non-compatibilism. The chapter then provides a possible solution in White\u27s theme of the restoration of the character of God, as by beholding individuals become changed. The dissertation then concludes by affirming that God voluntarily places Himself under limitations of sovereignty in His choice to win our free-will devotion through Calvary

From Machair to Mountains

South Uist in the Outer Hebrides has some of the best preserved archaeological remains within Britain and even further afield. Three distinct ecological zones - grassland machair plain, peaty blackland and mountains - each bear the imprint of human occupation over many millennia. The machair strip, long uninhabited, is filled with hundreds of settlement mounds, occupied from the Beaker period 4,000 years ago until a few centuries ago. The blacklands bear the traces of past farming practices as well as the remains of medieval settlements, more recent blackhouses and lochs containing duns, brochs and crannogs. In the hills lie the upstanding remains of shielings, Iron Age wheel houses and Neolithic chambered tombs.<br/>The results of large-scale excavations of Bronze Age houses (Cladh Hallan), an Iron Age broch (Dun Vulan), Viking settlements (Bornais and Cille Pheadair) and post-medieval blackhouses (Airigh Mhuillin), combined with extensive surveys and small-scale excavations that have identified hundreds of new sites, are being brought together in a series of volumes to provide an invaluable record and assessment of South Uist's archaeology covering the last 6,000 years. The large set-piece excavations are to be published in separate monographs. The results of the surveys and small-scale excavations are presented here

Aspects of the energy budget of the Caribbean reef building coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus): a preliminary in situ investigation

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