Generalidades de la regla de exclusión: un estudio de la prueba ilícita en el Sistema Penal Colombiano

Artículo de investigaciónEste estudio, concentra su atención en el modelo del sistema penal colombiano, enfocándose en la "Regla de Exclusión", estableciendo las generalidades actuales su evolución y aplicación en Colombia. Cabe resaltar que, en materia probatoria las normas procesales se consideran de orden público, en consecuencia de obligatorio cumplimiento. Es importante recordar que, el artículo 29 de nuestra constitución política, establece, garantías procesales fundamentales que se deben aplicar. En materia probatoria indica que será nula de pleno derecho la prueba que se obtenga con violación al debido proceso. Una evidencia que se obtenga con violación a los derechos fundamentales o las garantías procesales constitucionales, configura una prueba ilícita. En este punto, cabe resaltar que la interpretación judicial aplicada en Colombia determina que la ilicitud de una prueba no contamina el proceso en consecuencia, no tiene que significar la nulidad del mismo.INTRODUCCIÓN 1. Reseña histórica del sistema penal en Colombia (Introducción del Derecho Penal) 2. Principios Procesales del derecho Penal en el sistema Penal Colombiano 3. Regla de exclusión aplicación en Colombia 4. Finalidad de la prueba en el proceso penal 5. Conclusiones BIBLIOGRAFÍAPregradoAbogad

Characterization of the known T type dwarfs towards the Sigma Orionis cluster

(Abridged) A total of three T type candidates (SOri70, SOri73, and SOriJ0538-0213) lying in the line of sight towards Sigma Orionis were characterized by means of near-infrared photometric, astrometric, and spectroscopic studies. H-band methane images were collected for all three sources and an additional sample of 15 field T type dwarfs using LIRIS/WHT. J-band spectra of resolution of ~500 were obtained for SOriJ0538-0213 with ISAAC/VLT, and JH spectra of resolution of ~50 acquired with WFC3/HST were employed for the spectroscopic classification of SOri70 and 73. Proper motions with a typical uncertainty of +/-3 mas/yr and a time interval of ~7-9 yr were derived. Using the LIRIS observations of the field T dwarfs, we calibrated this imager for T spectral typing via methane photometry. The three SOri objects were spectroscopically classified as T4.5+/-0.5 (SOri73), T5+/-0.5 (SOriJ0538-0213), and T7$^{+0.5}_{-1.0}$ (SOri70). The similarity between the observed JH spectra and the methane colors and the data of field ultra-cool dwarfs of related classifications suggests that SOri70, 73, and SOriJ053804.65-021352.5 do not deviate significantly in surface gravity in relation to the field. Additionally, the detection of KI at ~1.25 microns in SOriJ0538-0213 points to a high-gravity atmosphere. Only the K-band reddish nature of SOri70 may be consistent with a low gravity atmosphere. The proper motions of SOri70 and 73 are measurable and are larger than that of the cluster by >3.5 sigma. The proper motion of SOriJ0538-0213 is consistent with a null displacement. These observations suggest that none of the three T dwarfs are likely Sigma Orionis members, and that either planetary-mass objects with masses below ~4 MJup may not exist free-floating in the cluster or they may lie at fainter near-infrared magnitudes than those of the targets (this is H>20.6 mag), thus remaining unidentified to date.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A (2014), corrected typo

Linear polarization of rapidly rotating ultracool dwarfs

Aims. We aim at studying the near infrared linear polarization signal of rapidly rotating ultracool dwarfs with spectral types ranging from M7 through T2 and projected rotational velocities vsini >= 30 km s^{-1}. All these dwarfs are believed to have dusty atmospheres and oblate shapes, an appropriate scenario to produce measurable linear polarization of the continuum light.\\ Methods. Linear polarimetric images were collected in the J-band for a sample of 18 fast-rotating ultracool dwarfs, five of which were also observed in the Z-band using the LIRIS spectrograph on the Cassegrain focus of the 4.2-m William Herschel Telescope. The measured median uncertainty in the linear polarization degree is +/-0.13% for our sample, which allowed us to detect polarization signatures above ~0.39% with a confidence of >=3\sigma.\\ Results. About 40+/-15% of the sample is linearly polarized in the Z- and J-bands. All positive detections have linear polarization degrees ranging from 0.4% to 0.8% in both filters independently of spectral type and spectroscopic rotational velocity. However, simple statistics point at the fastest rotators (vsini >=60 km s^{-1}) having a larger fraction of positive detections and a larger averaged linear polarization degree than the moderately rotating dwarfs (vsini=30--60 km s^{-1}). Our data suggest little linear polarimetric variability on short time scales (i.e., observations separated by a few ten rotation periods), and significant variability on long time scales (i.e., hundred to thousand rotation cycles), supporting the presence of "long-term weather" in ultracool dwarf atmospheres.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, recommended for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST: estrategias de reperfusión en el Hospital Clínico de Valladolid

La cardiopatía isquémica es la principal causa de mortalidad en los países desarrollados. El síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del segmento ST (SCACEST) es una de sus manifestaciones más graves. Existen diferentes estrategias de reperfusión en el SCACEST. En 2013 se aprobó el Código Infarto en la Comunidad de Castilla y León, cuyo objetivo principal es disminuir la morbimortalidad del SCACEST promoviendo estrategias de reperfusión eficaces y precoces. El objetivo de este trabajo fin de grado es analizar las diferentes estrategias de reperfusión utilizadas en el Hospital Clínico de Valladolid entre los años 2016 y 2018 y ver si se cumplen las directrices de las guías de práctica clínica y recomendaciones del código infarto.Grado en Medicin

Desulfurisation of biogas by biofiltration

[Abstract] A biofiltration system to eliminate volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), using a microbial consortia, was established. The characterization of lava rock, vermiculite and glass rings, as potential packing materials, was previously performed. Vermiculite showed higher VFAs degradation rates than the ones obtained using lava rock; however, some compaction was noticed when this material was used as support. In the lava rock biofilter (1.7 L packed volume) acetic (AA) and propionic (PA) acids were completely removed from the gas and liquid phase, reaching 100% of removal efficiency (RE). Maximum elimination capacities (ECmax) for AA and PA in gaseous phase were 15.2 and 24.5 g/m3 bioifilterh, respectively; while in the liquid phase an ECmax of 76.3 and 122.5 g/m3 bioifilterh were attained. Empty bed resident times (EBRT) of 85 and 31 s were assessed for increasing H2S inlet loads (36 - 396 g/m3h) into the biofilter. At 85 s, an ECmax of 142 g/m3 bioifilterh was determined, with RE of around 99% for all the evaluated inlet loads. At 31 s, a maximum EC of 232 g/m3 bioifilterh and a RE of 95 % were found. Complete removal of VFA and H2S from the biogas was obtained in the lava rock biofilter

Proposal for integrating supply chain according to sales forecast in Colombian’s construction sector based on elements and structure of supply chain orientation.

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo principal identificar como influyen los elementos y la estructura del Supply Chain Orientation en la alineación de la cadena de suministro según la previsión de ventas en empresas de la construcción en Colombia, así mismo realizar un diagnóstico del comportamiento de la cadena de suministro para el sector de la construcción en Colombia y estructurar una propuesta de mejora.The main objective of this paper is to identify how the elements and structure of the Supply Chain Orientation influence the alignment of the supply chain according to the forecast of sales in construction companies in Colombia, as well as to make a diagnosis of the behavior of the supply chain for the construction sector in Colombia and structure a proposal for improvement.Especialista en Gerencia Logístic

Min-Max MPC based on a computationally efficient upper bound of the worst case cost

Min-Max MPC (MMMPC) controllers [P.J. Campo, M. Morari, Robust model predictive control, in: Proc. American Control Conference, June 10–12, 1987, pp. 1021–1026] suffer from a great computational burden which limits their applicability in the industry. Sometimes upper bounds of the worst possible case of a performance index have been used to reduce the computational burden. This paper proposes a computationally efficient MMMPC control strategy in which the worst case cost is approximated by an upper bound based on a diagonalization scheme. The upper bound can be computed with O(n3) operations and using only simple matrix operations. This implies that the algorithm can be coded easily even in non-mathematical oriented programming languages such as those found in industrial embedded control hardware. A simulation example is given in the paper

Min–max MPC using a tractable QP problem

Min–max model predictive controllers (MMMPC) suffer from a great computational burden that is often circumvented by using approximate solutions or upper bounds of the worst possible case of a performance index. This paper proposes a computationally efficient MMMPC control strategy in which a close approximation of the solution of the min–max problem is computed using a quadratic programming problem. The overall computational burden is much lower than that of the min–max problem and the resulting control is shown to have a guaranteed stability. A simulation example is given in the paper