Neural Connectivity with Hidden Gaussian Graphical State-Model

The noninvasive procedures for neural connectivity are under questioning. Theoretical models sustain that the electromagnetic field registered at external sensors is elicited by currents at neural space. Nevertheless, what we observe at the sensor space is a superposition of projected fields, from the whole gray-matter. This is the reason for a major pitfall of noninvasive Electrophysiology methods: distorted reconstruction of neural activity and its connectivity or leakage. It has been proven that current methods produce incorrect connectomes. Somewhat related to the incorrect connectivity modelling, they disregard either Systems Theory and Bayesian Information Theory. We introduce a new formalism that attains for it, Hidden Gaussian Graphical State-Model (HIGGS). A neural Gaussian Graphical Model (GGM) hidden by the observation equation of Magneto-encephalographic (MEEG) signals. HIGGS is equivalent to a frequency domain Linear State Space Model (LSSM) but with sparse connectivity prior. The mathematical contribution here is the theory for high-dimensional and frequency-domain HIGGS solvers. We demonstrate that HIGGS can attenuate the leakage effect in the most critical case: the distortion EEG signal due to head volume conduction heterogeneities. Its application in EEG is illustrated with retrieved connectivity patterns from human Steady State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP). We provide for the first time confirmatory evidence for noninvasive procedures of neural connectivity: concurrent EEG and Electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings on monkey. Open source packages are freely available online, to reproduce the results presented in this paper and to analyze external MEEG databases

Profile aromatic of essential oil of ginger (Zingiber officinale var. grand cayman) grown in the region of Chinantla

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a rhizome native to Asia. In "The Chinantla" region of Oaxaca, Mexico is being cultivated ginger of Grand Cayman variety with high production. The rhizome of ginger is very aroma1tiic, spicy flavor and smell. The main form of ginger marketing is ~n fresh, dehydrated fla1kes and powder, oleoresin and essential oil. The aim of this project was to evaluate the aromatic profile by GC/MS of the essential oil of fresh and dehydrated ginger rhizome cultivated in the region of "The Chinantla".(Résumé d'auteur

Constitutional state and governance: platform for a democratic openness of public policies in Mexico

Se da por hecho que un Estado es “constitucional”, porque tiene uncuerpo normativo que establece la estructura de gobierno, que reconocecomo objetivo primordial los derechos humanos y que expresamecanismos de control del poder a favor del pueblo. Sin embargo, sinun entramado democrático, las normas no garantizan que sus fines secumplan. México ha tenido diversas reformas constitucionales que nohan logrado cumplir su cometido. En este contexto, el trabajo alude quela crisis institucional, económica y de derechos humanos en México no sesolucionará con reformas, sino mediante una reorientación de los actoresimplicados en los sectores políticos, administrativos y de administraciónde justicia. Asimismo, como aporte, el artículo propone nuevas líneas deacción para mejorar la gobernanza con bases y objetivos participativos;que hagan realidad las disposiciones jurídicas, económicas y políticasde la Constitución.CONACYT (CB/156846

Optical photometry of the UCM Lists I and II

We present Johnson B CCD photometry for the whole sample of galaxies of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) Survey Lists I and II. They constitute a well-defined and complete sample of galaxies in the Local Universe with active star formation. The data refer to 191 S0 to Irr galaxies at an averaged redshift of 0.027, and complement the already published Gunn r, J and K photometries. In this paper the observational and reduction features are discussed in detail, and the new colour information is combined to search for clues on the properties of the galaxies, mainly by comparing our sample with other surveys.Comment: 14 pages, 7 PostScript figures, accepted for publication in A&AS, also available vi ftp at ftp://cutrex.fis.ucm.es/pub/OUT/pag/PAPERS

Entomological characterization of malaria in northern Colombia through vector and parasite species identification, and analyses of spatial distribution and infection rates

Background: Malaria remains a worldwide public health concern and, in Colombia, despite the efforts to stop malaria transmission, the incidence of cases has increased over the last few years. In this context, it is necessary to evaluate vector diversity, infection rates, and spatial distribution, to better understand disease transmission dynamics. This information may contribute to the planning and development of vector control strategies. Results: A total of 778 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected in fifteen localities of Córdoba from August 2015 to October 2016. Six species were identified and overall, Anopheles albimanus was the most widespread and abundant species (83%). Other species of the Nyssorhynchus subgenus were collected, including Anopheles triannulatus (13%), Anopheles nuneztovari (1%), Anopheles argyritarsis (< 1%) and two species belonging to the Anopheles subgenus: Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (3%) and Anopheles neomaculipalpus (< 1%). Four species were found naturally infected with two Plasmodium species: Anopheles nuneztovari was detected naturally infected with Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis with Plasmodium vivax, whereas An. albimanus and An. triannulatus were found infected with both parasite species and confirmed by nested PCR. Conclusions: In general, the obtained results were contrasting with previous studies in terms of the most abundant and widespread collected species, and regarding infection rates, which were higher than those previously reported. A positive relationship between mosquito local abundance at the locality level and human infection at the municipality level was found. Mosquito local abundance and the number of houses with mosquitoes in each village are factors explaining malaria human cases in these villages. The obtained results suggest that other factors related to the apparent variation in malaria eco-epidemiology in northern Colombia, must be identified, to provide health authorities with better decision tools aiming to design control and prevention strategies

Silviano Enríquez Correa, destacado catedrático y difusor de la química en el Estado de México (1853-1900)

Silviano Enríquez Correa realizó sus estudios de nivel medio superior y de ingeniería en el Instituto Científico y Literario del Estado de México, del cual llegó a ser director y donde se interesó por la química. Además de ser un profesor autodidacta que se actualizaba frecuentemente para modernizar los diversos cursos de química que llegó a impartir en varias escuelas, fue un gran difusor de la ciencia. Escribió cuatro libros de texto de química y fundó el Boletín del Instituto Científico y Literario del Estado de México