A TEM, STEM and backscattered electron channeling imaging study of martensite formation in Co-19.6Fe

A high purity, C-free Co-19.6Fe alloy is shown to undergo a variety of martensitic and bainitic reactions. TEM, STEM and back-scattered electron channelling patterns and images have been used to study the effects of ageing at temperatures below the α solvus and of grain boundary misorientation on the occurrence of martensitic transformation in the adjacent grains and on the nature of their product

Construction and validation of the perceptions of roles and responsibilities in a relationship scale for heterosexual women and an exploration with gender ideology

The following research presents a multidimensional measure, the Perceptions of Roles and Responsibilities in a Relationship Scale (PRRRS). The PRRRS measures how traditional or non-traditional heterosexual women’s relationship perceptions and expectations are. These perceptions are measured over three dimensions: Division of Labour, Masculine Ideologies and Male Gender Roles. The following research presents two studies that refines the item pool, establishes the factor structure, reliability and validity of the PRRRS. Part two of the study explores the relationship between the PRRRS and the Ambivalence towards Men Inventory (Glick & Fiske, 1999). This not only confirmed the predictive validity of the PRRRS but also suggested the positive relationship between ambivalence towards men and traditional perceptions of roles and responsibilities in relationships. Further analysis compared the subordinate factors of the AMI with the sub factors of the PRRRS. The 20-item PRRRS is provided in the appendix

Storage of light: A useful concept?

We show both analytically and numerically that photons from a probe pulse are not stored in several recent experiments. Rather, they are absorbed to produce a two-photon excitation. More importantly, when an identical coupling pulse is re-injected into the medium, we show that the regenerated optical field has a pulse width that is very different from the original probe field. It is therefore, not a faithful copy of the original probe pulse.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Correct LaTEX listings of reference

Reply to "Comment on 'A linear optics implementation of weak values in Hardy's paradox'"

The comment by Lundeen et al. contains two criticisms of our proposal. While we agree that the state-preparation procedure could be replaced by a simpler setup as proposed by the authors of the comment, we do not agree with the authors on their second, and more important point regarding two-particle weak measurements. We believe this to be the result of a misunderstanding of our original paper.Comment: 2 pages, accepted in PR

Linear optics implementation of weak values in Hardy's paradox

We propose an experimental setup for the implementation of weak measurements in the context of the gedankenexperiment known as Hardy's Paradox. As Aharonov et al. showed, these weak values form a language with which the paradox can be resolved. Our analysis shows that this language is indeed consistent and experimentally testable. It also reveals exactly how a combination of weak values can give rise to an apparently paradoxical result.Comment: 4 pages, accepted by PR

Polarization-resolved extinction and scattering cross-section of individual gold nanoparticles measured by wide-field microscopy on a large ensemble

We report a simple, rapid, and quantitative wide-field technique to measure the optical extinction $\sigma_{\rm ext}$ and scattering $\sigma_{\rm sca}$ cross-section of single nanoparticles using wide-field microscopy enabling simultaneous acquisition of hundreds of nanoparticles for statistical analysis. As a proof of principle, we measured nominally spherical gold nanoparticles of 40\,nm and 100\,nm diameter and found mean values and standard deviations of $\sigma_{\rm ext}$ and $\sigma_{\rm sca}$ consistent with previous literature. Switching from unpolarized to linearly polarized excitation, we measured $\sigma_{\rm ext}$ as a function of the polarization direction, and used it to characterize the asphericity of the nanoparticles. The method can be implemented cost-effectively on any conventional wide-field microscope and is applicable to any nanoparticles

An experimental investigation of vortex breakdown on a delta wing

An experimental investigation of vortex breakdown on delta wings at high angles is presented. Thin delta wings having sweep angles of 70, 75, 80 and 85 degrees are being studied. Smoke flow visualization and the laser light sheet technique are being used to obtain cross-sectional views of the leading edge vortices as they break down. At low tunnel speeds (as low as 3 m/s) details of the flow, which are usually imperceptible or blurred at higher speeds, can be clearly seen. A combination of lateral and longitudinal cross-sectional views provides information on the three dimensional nature of the vortex structure before, during and after breakdown. Whereas details of the flow are identified in still photographs, the dynamic characteristics of the breakdown process were recorded using high speed movies. Velocity measurements were obtained using a laser Doppler anemometer with the 70 degree delta wing at 30 degrees angle of attack. The measurements show that when breakdown occurs the core flow transforms from a jet-like flow to a wake-like flow

Quadrupole moment of a magnetically confined mountain on an accreting neutron star: effect of the equation of state

Magnetically confined mountains on accreting neutron stars are promising sources of continuous-wave gravitational radiation and are currently the targets of directed searches with long-baseline detectors like the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO). In this paper, previous ideal-magnetohydrodynamic models of isothermal mountains are generalized to a range of physically motivated, adiabatic equations of state. It is found that the mass ellipticity drops substantially, from \epsilon ~ 3e-4 (isothermal) to \epsilon ~ 9e-7 (non-relativistic degenerate neutrons), 6e-8 (relativistic degenerate electrons) and 1e-8 (non-relativistic degenerate electrons) (assuming a magnetic field of 3e12 G at birth). The characteristic mass M_{c} at which the magnetic dipole moment halves from its initial value is also modified, from M_{c}/M_{\sun} ~ 5e-4 (isothermal) to M_{c}/M_{\sun} ~ 2e-6, 1e-7, and 3e-8 for the above three equations of state, respectively. Similar results are obtained for a realistic, piecewise-polytropic nuclear equation of state. The adiabatic models are consistent with current LIGO upper limits, unlike the isothermal models. Updated estimates of gravitational-wave detectability are made. Monte Carlo simulations of the spin distribution of accreting millisecond pulsars including gravitational-wave stalling agree better with observations for certain adiabatic equations of state, implying that X-ray spin measurements can probe the equation of state when coupled with magnetic mountain models.Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures, to be published in MNRA